Pharmacology: Final Review

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing parasympathetic nervous system blockade. What assessment finding supports this diagnosis? (SATA)

- Increase in heart rate - Decrease in gastrointestinal (GI) activity - Decrease in urinary bladder tone

Which is expected after the administration of an adrenergic medication such as epinephrine? (SATA)

- Increased heart rate - Vasoconstriction

The nurse is educating a client who has been prescribed atropine, an anticholinergic drug. Which instructions should the nurse provide to the client?

"Do not drive or operate machinery."

A nurse is assessing the client's home medication use. After listening to the client's list of current medications, the nurse asks what priority question?

"Do you take any over the counter medications?"

The nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who has suffered a crushing injury to his thumb in a workplace accident. When asked about current medications, the client states, "No medications. I'm a pretty healthy guy." What is the nurse's best response?

"Do you take anything for colds, flu, headaches or allergies?"

The nurse is providing dietary teaching to the client on long-term mineralocorticoid therapy. What should the nurse teach the client?

"Eat plenty of bananas, avocados, and other foods that are high in potassium"

A parent hears the health care provider using the word extravasation. The parent asks the nurse what extravasation means. What would be a correct answer?

"Extravasation is when fluid escapes from a blood vessel into the surrounding tissue."

A male client has been prescribed an alpha-1 selective adrenergic blocking agent to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 2 weeks ago. Which assessment question should the nurse ask to evaluate for the expected result of this medication therapy?

"Has your urine stream improved since beginning the medication?"

Which statement by the client would lead the nurse to believe that the client has understood the teaching about angina?

"Heavy meals and cigarette smoking can precipitate an angina attack."

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been started on meclizine 25 mg PO b.i.d. what assessment should the nurse prioritize when following up the administration of the drug?

"How would you rate your nausea right now?"

A client diagnosed with heart disease is described an antiarrhythmic drug. Further teaching is needed when the client makes which statement?

"I know I must take my medication every day to be cured."

The nurse provides client teaching about use of levodopa for treatment of Parkinson disease.What statement by the client would indicate a good understanding of levodopa?

"I should take this drug with food to avoid an upset stomach"

The nurse has just finished teaching an 82-year-old client about the oral medications prescribed by the physician. Which statement might suggest that the client understands proper use of the medication?

"I shouldn't alter the dosage without first contacting my doctor"

Which statement would indicate that a mother is administering the incorrect dosage of liquid medication to her child?

"I use a household teaspoon to administer the medication"

What statement by the client indicates that the client understands the nurse's teaching about diuretics?

"I will weight myself daily and report significant changes"

A client with a fungal infection has been prescribed a miconazole vaginal suppository. What education should the nurse provide about safe and effective administration?

"If possible, lie down for 10 or 15 minutes after inserting the medication."

A client with an infected diabetic foot ulcer has been prescribed linezolid (Zyvox). What education should the nurse provide?

"It's a good idea to monitor your blood pressure while you're taking this drug."

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes and who is being treated with insulin. The client has expressed her intention to breast-feed her infant. What should the nurse teach the client?

"It's safe to keep taking insulin while breast-feeding, but it might affect your milk supply somewhat."

The nurse, working on the maternity unit, receives a call from a pregnant woman asking how she can know whether a medication is safe to take while pregnant. What is the nurse's best response?

"Never take medication until you receive approval from your health care provider"

A client is admitted with head trauma. The family is concerned the client was not restarted on his transdermal nitroglycerin systems. What is the best response of the nurse?

"Nitroglycerin increases the amount of blood flow though the vessels and could cause increased damage."

The nurse is teaching a client how to take his diltiazem. Which instruction would be most appropriate?

"Swallow the drug whole with a large glass of water."

A nurse is teaching an 82-year-old client about amphotericin B, an antifungal ordered by the healthcare provider. Which client statement would suggest that the teaching has been effective?

"Taking this drug could damage my kidney functioning."

Why is it important for a nurse to encourage the client to control the blood pressure? (SATA)

- Hypertension increases the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque. - Hypertension increases risk of stroke. - Hypertension increases the workload of the heart.

While speaking with a client, the nurse notes that the client stares off, unblinking. The nurse notes that after several prompts, the client blinks rapidly and then resumes normal conversation. The behavior is consistent with what type of seizure?

Absence

A 25-year-old female was brought by EMS for taking 10 tablets of Acetaminophen 500 mg. The ER nurse would anticipate to prepare what antidote?

Acetylcysteine

A client has been presented to the nurse practitioner with signs and symptoms of fungal infection. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when discussing the possible of use topical antifungals?

Allergy assessment

A client is being seen in the emergency department for a sprained ankle and is given a drug to relieve pain. When a second dose of the pain medication is given, the client develops redness of the skin, itching, and swelling at the site of injection of the drug. The most likely cause of this response is:

An allergic response

What intervention does the nurse include in the plan of care for a client receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin?

Avoiding IM injections

A client has begun treatment for penile erectile dysfunction. What explanation should the nurse provide regarding the primary effect a prescribed phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor will have on this condition?

Blood flow to the penis will be improved

A client is admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock. Isoproterenol is administered intravenously. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when monitoring for therapeutic effects?

Blood pressure

A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a nasal decongestant. Which of the following factors should the nurse assess before administering the drug?

Blood pressure

Because of the possible adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, the nurse practitioner should focus on what assessment in a 72-year-old client?

Bone density

The nurse learns that a 7-year-old child has been prescribed tetracyclines several times in recent years. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Carefully inspect the client's teeth

The health care provider has prescribed ranitidine for a hospitalized client on a unit. Prior to administering the drug for the first time, which adverse effects should the nurse mention to the client?

Headache

The client is taking a calcium-channel blocker. What adverse effects might the client experience?

Headache and dizziness

A nurse is providing care to a client who has elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). A review of the client's history reveals a sedentary lifestyle and a history of being overweight. The nurse understands that this combination of factors places the client at risk for which condition?

Heart disease

A client has developed the formation of clots and has bruising. It is determined that there is a depletion of the client's coagulation factors and widespread bleeding. Which medication will be administered?

Heparin

The nurse is preparing to administer a sulfonamide to a client who is a Type 2 diabetic taking an oral hypoglycemic agent. The nurse will monitor the client for what reaction?

Hypoglycemia

The nurse is assessing a client who takes a loop diuretic. For what adverse effect should the nurse assess?

Hypokalemia

A 53-year-old man is receiving cyclosporine in order to prevent rejection of a transplanted kidney. The nurse should prioritize assessments related to:

Infection

Which would the nurse expect to administer to counteract the effects of methotrexate?

Leucovorin

A client with history of cardiovascular disease, who is taking a thyroid hormone, reports chest pain. What is the nurse's best action?

Notify the healthcare provider

A nurse is caring for a patient prescribed phenobarbital for status epilepticus. What intervention should the nurse perform when the patient has been administered the drug?

Observe respirations frequently

The client is 8 weeks pregnant and requires an antithyroid medication. The nurse identifies which drug as the drug of choice for this client?

Propylthiouracil

The nurse is preparing to apply testosterone gel (Androgel) to a male client who has a low testosterone level. What's the nurse's top priority action before administering this medication?

Put on gloves

A client is receiving levodopa as a treatment for Parkinson disease. The nurse would instruct the client to avoid foods high in which vitamin to prevent a reduction in the effect of levodopa?

Pyridoxine (B6)

A client's current medical condition is suggestive of impaired erythropoiesis. Which laboratory study would be most clinically relevant in diagnosing this health problem?

RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit

The client with asthma has been ordered an inhaler and the nurse is teaching how to prevent candida infections. Which would the nurse include in the instructions?

Rinse mouth with water after each use

Which health concerns in the client's history increase the client's risk for erectile dysfunction (ED)? SATA

Tabaco smoking Stress, Anxiety, depression High blood pressure Diabetes Overweight Drugs: antidepressants, antihistamines, antihypertensive Food: red meat, Full fat dairy, sugary food/ drinks, unhealthy fats

Which patient action requires immediate intervention by the nurse?

The patient stopped taking hydrocortisone this morning because he does not like taking pills.

Which patients should not receive epoetin alfa (Epogen) as ordered at 9am?

The patient who has a blood pressure of 240/120 mm Hg

An inhaled sympathomimetic drug has been ordered for a teenage athlete who has exercise induced asthma. What should the client be instructed to do?

Use the inhaler 30 to 60 minutes before exercising to ensure peak therapeutic levels when needed.

What is the most effective way to evaluate the pain response after administering a nonopioid analgesic?

Using a pain scale, ask the patient to describe the pain

The nurse is visiting the home of a client who is prescribed antidysrhythmic medication. The nurse will teach the client to report which possible adverse effect?

dizziness

A decrease in dosage of a prescribed benzodiazepine most likely would be necessary if a client was also taking:

oral contraceptive

The nurse is caring for a client receiving amphotericin B. Which condition should the nurse assess for in this client?

renal impairment

A client is receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic for an infection. The nurse would monitor the client closely for:

hearing loss

What are cardiac glycosides used for?

increase the force of contraction of the heart

A 22-year-old woman has received an organ transplant and is on cyclosporine therapy. The nurse will encourage her to avoid crowds and limit social activities while on the medication due to?

increased risk of infections

A 49-year-old woman has been diagnosed with myalgia. The health care provider has recommended aspirin. The client is concerned that the aspiring will upset her stomach. The nurse will encourage the client to take this medication by:

swallow the tablet with milk or food.

What assessment findings would the nurse expect to see in a client who has overdoses on levothyroxine?

Nervousness, tachycardia, tremors

What are classified as anti-infectives? (SATA)

- anthelmintics - antifungals - antiprotozoals

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about viral infections. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as being caused by a virus? (SATA)

- common cold - warts - influenza - hepatitis C

The demonstration of what symptom would suggest that an insulin-dependent client is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction? (SATA)

- weakness - diaphoresis - mental confusion - increased pulse rate

Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) is used in the treatment of which condition? (SATA)

-Neoplastic conditions (cancers) - Viral infections (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, genital warts, west nile virus)

What should the nurse teach an older adult client about the potential adverse effects of atorvastatin?

"The most common side effects of atorvastatin involve some mild gastrointestinal upset."

A client received an injection of doxorubicin and is now observing a reddish urine. The client reports blood in the urine to the nurse. How should the nurse respond?

"The reddish urine is an expected response to the drug."

A client is being administered heparin IV and has been started on warfarin. The client asks the nurse why both medications have been prescribed. What is the nurse's most accurate response?

"Warfarin takes 3 to 5 days to develop anticoagulant effects, and you still need heparin."

A client received atropine and meperidine preoperatively. After surgery, the client reports mouth dryness. What is the nurse's best response?

"Your medications decreased saliva production but it is temporary and will improve."

A female client experiences weight gain secondary to her systemic steroid therapy for temporal arteritis. She calls the healthcare provider's office to ask if she can discontinue the medication for 1 week to fit into her dress for her class reunion. Which response is appropriate?

"Your prescription must be tapered gradually with the physician's order."

A 23-year-old client is prescribed zidovudine for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which statement indicates that the client has understood the client teaching regarding the action of this medication?

"Zidovudine slows the progression of the disease but does not cure it."

A client reports using sertaconazole nitrate for the past 5 weeks, stating, "I've been following the directions closely, but my athlete's foot just won't clear up." What is the nurse's best response?

"you should make an appointment with your provider because it's not healthy to use that medication for that long"

The nurse's home care teaching for a client who takes baclofen will include which instructions? (SATA)

- "Rise carefully from a seated to a standing position" - "This medication may cause you to have to urinate more frequently" - "This medicine may give you a headache or make sleeping difficult"

The most serious allergic response is called anaphylaxis. Which clients exhibit possible symptoms of anaphylaxis? (SATA)

- A client showing signs of acute respiratory distress - A client with marked hypotension and experiences convulsions - A client with laryngeal edema and pale, cool skin

What would increase the risk of sedation in a patient receiving meclizine? (SATA)

- Alcohol - Diazepam - Codeine - Hydrocodone

The nurse explains to the client that with heart failure, the client may experience which symptom? (SATA)

- Anxiety - Weakness - Fatigue - SOB

Prior to the administration of an opioid antagonist, what must the nurse obtain? (SATA)

- BP - Pulse - Respiratory rate

What does the nurse need to include as part of the physical assessment of a client with anginal pain? (SATA)

- Blood pressure - Apical pulse - Radial pulse - Respiratory rate

The nurse is sending home a client who will remain on anticoagulant therapy. What should the nurse teach the client about taking this drug? (SATA)

- Brush teeth gently with soft bristle brush - Wear or carry a MedicAlert notification - Warning signs of bleeding include fatigue, pallor, and tachycardia - Obtain follow-up lab work regularly as ordered

A nurse is administering medications to a 70-year-old-female client. What normal physiologic changes that occur with aging will affect the absorption of medications? (SATA)

- Chronic illness - Decreased blood flow to the GI system - Decreased body surface area

The nurse is caring for an older adult who will be beginning thyroid hormone replacement therapy. The nurse should be alert to which signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism that may be confused with other conditions associated with aging? (SATA)

- Depression - Unsteady gait - Confusion - Weight gain

The nurse is caring for a client after a recent traumatic brain injury and development of tonic clonic seizures. The client is receiving treatment of seizures with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). The nurse should perform which assessment(s) for safe administration of AEDs?

- Description of seizure activity from family member who witnessed it. - Hepatic and metabolic profiles at baseline and subsequent levels. - Assessment of client's description of the aura that occurs before a seizure.

Decongestants should be used cautiously in clients with which conditions? (SATA)

- Diabetes - Thyroid disease - Glaucoma - Hypertension

In an effort to promote safety, the nurse is collecting baseline data prior to initiating a client's drug therapy. What domains should the nurse assess when collecting the client's baseline data? (SATA)

- Education level - Allergies - Current medication regimen - Height and weight

Which hepatic viruses can be prevented by vaccination? (SATA)

- Hepatitis A - Hepatitis B

Which of the following drugs are commonly used in combination with certain antibiotics in the treatment of H. pylori? (SATA)

- Omeprazole (Prilosec) - Lansoprazole (Prevacid)

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mannitol. The nurse knows that it is used to manage oliguria or anuria. The nurse knows that it is also used for what other conditions? (SATA)

- Reduction of intracranial pressure - Reduction of intraocular pressure - Urinary excretion of toxic substances

The client receives a prescription for a lipid-lowering medication from the health care provider. The nurse knows that additional lifestyle modification would enhance the management of the client's lipid levels. What recommendations should the nurse make? (SATA)

- Reduction of the intake of saturated fats - Weight loss - Increased physical activity

A nurse is preparing to administer propranolol. Which are safety concerns that would alert the nurse to hold the medication? (SATA)

- The pulse is less than 60 beats per minute. - The systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mmHg. - There is irregularity in the client's heart rate or rhythm

A nurse is performing a neuromuscular assessment on a client with Parkinson's disease and is being treated with medication. The nurse expects to see which symptom while performing the assessment? (SATA)

- Tremors - Drooling - Mask-like facial expression - Monotone speech pattern

A health care provider has diagnosed the client with urinary tract infection. Which medications does the nurse anticipate the prescriber to prescribe? (SATA)

- Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole - Phenazopyridine - Pentosan

After administering the oral form of labetalol to a patient, the nurse would monitor the patient for a peak drug effect at which time?

1 to 2 hours

A nurse is caring for a client who is actively vomiting. The health care provider prescribes ondansetron parenterally. The client asks the nurse how quickly the medication will work. Which is the nurse's best response?

1-2 minutes

A client receives baclofen intrathecally at 8:00 a.m. The nurse should expect the client's serum levels of the drug to peak at what time?

12 pm

A patient is to receive succinylcholine. The nurse would expect this drug to begin acting within which time frame?

30-60 seconds

The nurse administers amoxicillin 250 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 2 hours. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again?

4 hours after the original dose

The nurse is educating an adult client diagnosed with Addison's disease about the prescribed hydrocortisone PO and fludrocortisone PO. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?

??? Live vaccines???

A client has just been diagnosed with liver cancer, and the care team is finalizing the extensive chemotherapy regimen that will begin imminently. Administration of chemotherapeutic drugs is best achieved through which route?

A central venous catheter

A client has edema of the lower extremities and abdomen. What is the reason to administer a stronger diuretic than a thiazide diuretic to this client?

A thiazide diuretic will be ineffective when immediate diuresis is needed

A client with seasonal allergies is taking an over-the-counter antihistamine to relieve itchy, watery eyes, and a runny nose. When planning teaching for this client, the nurse would include what teaching point?

Advise the patient to avoid driving or operating machinery

A male client presents with symptoms of bronchospasm that occurred during a birthday party for his grandson. What medication would the nurse expect the health care provider to give the client?

Albuterol

The nurse is caring for a client who does not have a respiratory disorder but has been prescribed acetylcysteine. What is an additional indication for acetylcysteine?

Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning

A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse's response be based upon?

Antitussives suppress coughing, and expectorants loosen bronchial secretions.

Which agent would the nurse identify as acting directly in the central nervous system to block receptors associated with nausea and vomiting with little to no effect on serotonin, dopamine, or corticosteroid receptors?

Aprepitant

The nurse is reviewing the client's medication orders and finds an order stating "amoxicillin 250 mg every 8 hours." What is the nurse's best action?

Ask the prescriber to confirm the route

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving the anticoagulant drug warfarin. What pre-administration assessments should the nurse perform before administering the drug to the patient?

Assess prothrombin time (PT) and INR

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed an antiarrhythmic agent. What nursing assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Assess pulses and blood pressure

A client with a history of chronic pain related to rheumatoid arthritis presents at the emergency department reporting dizziness, mental confusion, and difficulty hearing. What assessment is most appropriate?

Assess the client's use of salicylates.

The nurse is caring for an older adult in the long-term care facility who has begun to display signs of anxiety and insomnia. What is the priority nursing action?

Assess the patient for physical problems

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking an adrenergic blocking agent. What assessment would be among the nurse's priorities?

Assessing heart rate

In some cases, low dose amiodarone may be used to prevent recurrence of what cardiac disorder?

Atrial fibrillation

The nurse is caring for a client who is unconscious and requires an anticholinergic drug to treat bradycardia. What drug can the nurse administer IV (by prescription) for this purpose?

Atropine

Which would be most important to have readily available for a client who is receiving an indirect-acting cholinergic agonist and develops a severe reaction?

Atropine

Which is consistent with an over-the-counter medication?

Available without a prescription

Which instruction should the nurse specifically stress when administering drugs used for muscle spasm and cramping?

Avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants

A 22-year old client who has severe dysmenorrhea has been prescribed ferrous gluconate to treat iron deficiency anemia. What dietary guidelines should the nurse provide to the client?

Avoid consuming eggs

When providing medication teaching about to a client prescribed spironolactone, what foods should the client be instructed to avoid?

Bananas

Which drug is classified as cholinergic blocking drug used to treat Parkinsonism?

Benztropine

Based on knowledge of the guidelines, which drug combination therapy has been shown to decrease mortality from CHF?

Beta blocker, ACE, loop diuretic

What is the first drug of choice for treatment of a client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) 2 years ago?

Beta-blockers

A client is in the clinic to have blood drawn to assess theophylline levels. The client appears to being responding well to the medication and is not experiencing any adverse effects. What serum level will the nurse expect the client to have?

Between 10 to 20 mcg/mL

The nurse is teaching a class on laxative medications. What medication would the nurse explain is a chemical stimulant?

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

How does ondansetron achieve its therapeutic effect when prescribed for postoperative nausea?

Blocking toxins by antagonizing serotonin receptors

What is an appropriate nursing action for a hospitalized client receiving aprepitant?

Encourage fluids as tolerated

An older adult client's health care provider believes that the client's back pain would respond well to a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. The nurse is aware that the client's glomerular filtration rate has fallen in recent months. Which medication would be most appropriate?

Carisoprodol

What is the therapeutic action of the phenothiazines in reducing nausea?

Change responsiveness of the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

A nurse has administered medication to a client per the physician's prescription. Which activity should the nurse perform after administering a medication to a client?

Check for adverse drug reactions

A male client has developed intractable hiccups after abdominal surgery. The nurse anticipates that the health care provider will order which medication?

Chlorpromazine

A local bioterrorism medical team is responding to a possible anthrax attack. The team is instructed that a fluroquinolone may be used to treat exposure to anthrax. The nurse should prepare to administer what antibiotic?

Ciprofloxacin

A female client visits the health care provider's office after routine labs are drawn. The nurse notes that her A1C is 9. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Client's average blood glucose is above normal

What is the nurse's priority intervention to reduce the risk of renal damage caused by cyclophosphamide?

Encourage fluids to maintain hydration

The nurse works in a long-term care facility. When administering narcotics to clients, the nurse must monitor for which side effect?

Constipation

An 84-year-old resident of a long-term care facility has been prescribed naproxen for the treatment of lower back pain. What is the nurse's best action?

Contact the prescriber to question the order

What is the manufacturer's responsibility during phase IV of a drug trial?

Continue to monitor the drug's effects while the drug is in general use

A patient receiving succinylcholine experiences malignant hyperthermia. What drug is used to treat this condition?

Dantrolene

A nurse is assisting a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse determines that the client's drug therapy is effective when the client exhibits what?

Decreased tremors

A client has been noncompliant with the diabetic medication regimen and develops diabetic ketoacidosis. Which would the nurse assess?

Deep respirations

While preparing a client for an eye examination, the nurse explains that the eyedrops, an ophthalmic anticholinergic preparation, will cause what pupil reaction?

Dilation

The health care provider has prescribed a class IV calcium channel blocker for a client diagnosed with acute supraventricular tachycardia. Which drug does this nurse expect to be prescribed?

Diltiazem

The nurse is caring for a client taking dantrolene on a long-term basis for the treatment of cerebral palsy. The care team is considering a change in the client's medication regimen. How should the therapeutic effects of this drug be best assessed?

Discontinue the drug for 2 to 4 days and assess for exacerbation of spasticity

A client develops a cytotoxic reaction to a drug. What would the nurse expect to do?

Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered

A 16-year-old boy is diagnosed with delayed onset of puberty, and the health care provider has ordered testosterone, intramuscular (IM), once every 2 weeks. What nursing intervention would be important to the client?

Discuss changes that will occur in his body.

What is the most important teaching from the plan of care, to emphasize, when a client is prescribed a skeletal muscle relaxant?

Do not drive or operate machinery until individual drug effects are known

The nurse evaluates the client's latest serum phenytoin level which is revealed to be 16 mcg/mL. What is the nurse's best action?

Document the fact that the client's phenytoin level is therapeutic.

A 70-year-old female patient has just been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What cholinergic drug is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

Donepezil (Aricept)

Which statement best compares the use of phenothiazines in the treatment of an antiemetic and an antipsychotic.

Dosing of phenothiazines is smaller for antiemetics than antipsychotic use

A recent nursing graduate is preparing to enter the workforce. What principle should guide the nurse's administration of medications?

Drugs can cause unexpected reactions even after thorough screening and testing

The nursing instructor is discussing the off-label use of drugs. What group of drugs would the instructor tell the students are often used for off-label indications?

Drugs used to treat psychiatric problems

After assessing the client receiving erythropoietin drug therapy, the nurse suspects what finding is an adverse effect of erythropoietin drug therapy?

Edema

The nurse is working with a child whose recent history of neuromuscular symptoms has prompted diagnostic testing for myasthenia gravis. What medication should then nurse prepare to administer?

Edrophonium

The nurse administers an anxiolytic to the client. The nurse recognizes the family needs further teaching on the effects of the medication when the family initiates what action?

Encourages the client to walk to the bathroom independently

A child suffers from absence seizures. What is the drug of choice for absence seizures?

Ethosuximide

The nurse is administering cyclosporine. The nurse should anticipate the client may report which adverse reaction?

Excessive hair growth

A nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving a drug by the intramuscular (IM) route at a dose of 0.25 mg. After discharge, the client will be prescribed the same medication orally at a dose of 2.5 mg. What phenomenon should the nurse describe when explaining the reason for the increased dosage for the oral dose?

First-pass effect

Which drug is most commonly used orally to treat infections caused by Candida albicans?

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

A nurse encourages a patient who is receiving a diuretic to maintain his fluid intake to prevent the risk for developing?

Fluid rebound

The nurse is caring for a client in an intensive care unit receiving IV lorazepam to reduce anxiety related to mechanical ventilation. While infusing the medication, the nurse notes a decrease in blood pressure and bradycardia. What is the nurse's best action?

Give the IV drug more slowly

A client is brought to the emergency department with a blood glucose level of 19 mg/dL. What drug should the nurse prepare to administer intravenously?

Glucagon

A client presents at the clinic with a dry non productive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and has been determined that assistance is needed in thinning the sputum so the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect the provider will prescribe?

Guaifenesin

Before administering a prescribed 20 units of NPH insulin to a client, the nurse should implement which intervention?

Have a colleague confirm the dosage

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking adefovir to treat hepatitis B. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals that the client's skin and sclerae are visibly jaundiced. What is the nurse's best action?

Hold the dose and inform the prescriber

A male client takes his pulse rate before taking his regular daily dose of digoxin and finds his pulse to be 52 beats/min. Which would the client do next?

Hold the dose and retake pulse in 1 hr.

A client is receiving a diuretic as the first-line treatment of mild hypertension. The nurse monitors the client for signs and symptoms of hypokalemia with which agent?

Hydrochlorothiazide

After teaching a group of students about direct acting cholinergic agonists, the instructor determines that additional teaching is necessary when the students identify what as an adverse effect?

Hypertension

After teaching a client about prescribed statin therapy, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client makes which statement?

I can take the drug with grapefruit juice

Why is loperamide generally associated with fewer adverse effects than diphenoxylate?

I does not affect the central nervous system

A nurse is writing a plan of care for a client who has been prescribed bethanechol. What outcome should the nurse include in the care plan?

Improved bladder function

A nurse is educating a patient undergoing treatment for genitourinary tract bacterial infections on an outpatient basis. What instructions should the nurse offer the patient as part of the patient teaching plan?

Increase fluid intake to at least 2000 mL a day

A nurse is writing a care plan for a client on anti-ineffective drug. What would be an appropriate intervention to reduce the accumulation of the drug in the kidney?

Increase fluids

For what action would the nurse administer magnesium citrate?

Increase motility, increase fluid and enlarge bulk of fecal matter

A 60-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis visits the health care facility for a regular checkup. The patient informs the nurse that the patient has been using an over the counter NSAID for the last few days. Why should the nurse caution the patient against the use of NSAIDs on a long-term basis?

Increased risk of GI bleeding

The nurse should explain that metoclopramide (Reglan) decreases nausea and vomiting by which of the following actions?

Inhibiting stimulation of the vomiting center in the brain

Which statement would be correct for a client regarding the administration of an antifungal medication?

Instruct the client to complete the entire drug therapy even if a dose is missed.

Which would the nurse identify as a contraindication to the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Intestinal obstruction

A client is prescribed iron therapy using iron dextran. The nurse would administer this drug by which route?

Intravenous route

Ipecac, once used as the drug of choice by parents for treatment of suspected poisoning in children, was tested by the FDA in 2003. What was the finding of this testing?

Ipecac is ineffective for its intended use

The client has been placed on nitroprusside drip for the treatment of a hypertensive crisis. Which mechanism of action does the nurse know is true for nitroprusside?

It directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle, allowing dilation of peripheral arteries and veins

A client with constipation has been prescribed mineral oil. Which reason should the nurse provide for instructing the client to take the medication between meals or at bedtime?

It interferes with vitamin absorption

In teaching about using antibiotic medications, what is it critical to include to help stop the development of resistant strains of microorganisms?

It is very important to take the full course of an antibiotic as prescribed and not save remaining drugs for future infections.

After teaching a class about irritable bowel syndrome, which statement indicates that the teaching has been successful?

It occurs more often in women than in men

Drug excretion occurs mainly in which organ?

Kidneys

A client presents to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of acute congestive heart failure. Assessments findings and tests confirm the diagnosis. Which type of diuretic would be the drug of choice to treat the client?

Loop

The nurse is caring for a client with high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In teaching the client about therapeutic lifestyle changes and the use of medications, the nurse explains that the desired goal for cholesterol levels is what?

Low low density lipoprotein (LDL) values and high HDL values

The nurse would contact the health care provider before administering an adrenergic drug to a client who is also taking which drug?

MAO inhibitor

A client is receiving tamoxifen. Which adverse effect would be most specific to the action of this drug?

Menopausal Effects

Prokinetic agents increase GI motility and the rate of gastric emptying, which can decrease nausea and vomiting in nonobstructive disorders. Which prokinetic agent would the nurse expect the physician to prescribe?

Metoclopramide

A nurse is preparing to administer a prostaglandin drug used to reduce the risk of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in high-risk clients, such as the elderly or the critically ill. Which medication will the client administer?

Misoprostol

A client has a history of atrial fibrillation and is taking an oral anticoagulant. The client has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism and placed on levothyroxine. What assessment should the nurse practice?

Monitoring the client for increased bruising

Immediate administration of what drug should be anticipated when a post-anesthesia client is noted as having a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute?

Naloxone

Epinephrine is contraindicated in clients with which diseases or disorders?

Narrow-angle (or closed-angle) glaucoma

Which would be most important prior to the beginning therapy with a urinary anti-infective agent?

Obtaining a urine culture and sensitivity test

To ensure that the most appropriate drug is being used to treat a pathogen, which would need to be done first?

Obtaining sensitivity testing

The nurse is preparing to administer prednisone. The nurse will expect to administer this agent by which route?

Orale

A nurse is caring for a client following an organ transplant procedure. The client reports that oral cyclosporin tastes awful and that the client is unable to swallow. The nurse tells the client that it is possible to make the medication more palatable by mixing it with:

Orange juice

A client is admitted to the emergency department with severe recurrent convulsive seizures. What drug should the nurse expect to be ordered for use in emergency control of status epilepticus?

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of anticholinergic drugs. What drug would the instructor indicate is administered to counteract the effects of atropine poisoning?

Physostigmine

A nurse is required to monitor a client for right ventricular dysfunction. Which would the nurse most commonly assess?

Pitting edema

The nurse is assessing a client whose debilitating headache did not respond to the recommended dose of an OTC analgesic. In response, the client took another dose 30 minutes later and then a double dose one hour after that. The nurse's assessment should focus on the possibility of:

Poisoning

The instructor is discussing adverse effects associated with nasal decongestants. What is an effect of excessive use of these products when administering correctly?

Rebound nasal congestion

After reviewing information about metoclopramide, the students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify that the drug can be given by which route?

Rectal

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse infuses the medication at the prescribed rate to prevent what from occurring?

Red man Syndrome

A client has been prescribed phenazopyridine for aid in treating a UTI. This client should be informed that phenazopyridine will turn urine what color?

Reddish-orange

What action by the nurse will be most effective at preventing skin breakdown in a patient immobilized by a neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blocking agent?

Regularly turn and reposition

A group of students are reviewing information about drugs used to treat tuberculosis. The student demonstrates understanding of the material when they identify which drug as the first0line treatment option?

Rifampin

A 71-year-old patient with a history of depression will be receiving vecuronium to prevent trauma during electroconvulsive therapy. Prior to the procedure, the care team must assess the patient's:

Renal and hepatic status

A patient has been prescribed epoetin alfa. The nurse recognizes that this medication is indicated for treatment of anemia associated with which disease process?

Renal failure

Antipyretic drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen, often are used to alleviate discomforts of fever and protect vulnerable organs, such as the brain, from extreme elevations in body temperature. However, the use of aspirin in children is limited due to the possibility of what disease?

Reye's syndrome

What is the most serious side effect of lovastatin?

Rhabdomyolysis

Penicillin causes bacterial cell death without disrupting normal human cell functioning. This is an example of:

Selective toxicity

After describing the drugs used to treat IBS, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify Alosetron as which of the following?

Serotonin antagonist

A 25-year-old female client is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The client is prescribed levothyroxine. Which instruction about the administration of this medication would be important?

She should take the medication in the morning before breakfast

The nurse would avoid administering nitrates to clients using which medication?

Sildenafil

Which neuromuscular blocking agent would a nurse expect to have the shortest duration of action?

Succinylcholine

What assessment should the nurse make before administering the first dose hydrochlorothiazide?

Sulfonamide allergy

The nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving a broad-spectrum anti-ineffective agent for several days. What signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor closely?

Superinfection

A nurse is working with a newly diagnosed diabetic client on understanding hypoglycemia and insulin reactions. Which action would be most important for the client to understand when planning the response to an insulin reaction?

Take an oral dose of some form of glucose as soon as possible

A client with angina has been prescribed nifedipine 15 mg PO t.i.d. The client has received the first two doses of the medication and reports dizziness. What is the nurse's best action?

Take the blood pressure

A 50-year-old woman has been prescribed sumatriptan for the treatment of migraines. What instructions should then the nurse provide to the patient about the safe and effective use of this drug?

Take this drug as soon as you feel the first signs of migraine

A public warning has been issued about medication errors involving sound-alike drug names. This warning will be coordinated by what organization?

The U.S. Pharmacopeia

A client admits abusing heroin daily and has been in rehabilitation programs twice without success. What does the nurse understand about the abuse potential of heroin?

The abuse potential is high

The nurse is caring for a client being treated for urosepsis. The client's medication regimen includes phenazopyridine. What outcome best indicates therapeutic effects of this medication?

The client reports an absence of urinary burning and pain

The nurse is caring for a 38-year-old client with asthma who has been started on albuterol. What assessment finding should the nurse most likely attribute to adverse medication effects?

The client's heart rate is 102 beats/minute.

A benzodiazepine is prescribed for a pregnant woman with insomnia. When describing the effects on the newborn, which would the nurse include?

The newborn can develop withdrawal symptoms

The nurse questions an order for a proton inhibitor when the client is known to take what other medication?

Theophylline

The nurse explains to the client that pain medications work by what action in the neurological system?

They alter the brain's perception of the pain.

Which is true concerning the "placebo effect" in drug administration?

Thinking that the drug will help the patient creates the placebo effect

The nurse caring for clients in the hospital setting asks the clients if they take any herbal supplements or homeopathic remedies. Why is this information important?

To prevent drug interactions with prescribed medications

A client states, "A few years I could drink 4-5 beers and felt great, but now I need to drink 12 beers to feel great." What is this an example of what type of alcohol-related behavior?

Tolerance

A client experiences pain in the chest that radiates to the jaw, occurring when the client is at rest. The nurse would interpret this as:

Unstable angina

A home health nurse is visiting an older male adult client with Parkinson disease. The nurse should assess this client for which signs or symptoms related to common adverse effects?

Urinary retention

A nurse is preparing to administer an adrenergic agent for shock. Which nursing assessment should be completed with priority?

Vital signs

What measures protect the nurse when preparing cytotoxic drugs?

Wearing protective equipment such as gloves, mask, and gown

A 26-year-old white male client has been prescribed captopril for hypertension. A nurse has been assigned to the client to provide education regarding the use of this drug. The nurse will advise the client that:

a persistent, dry cough may occur; however, it is not serious

A client experiencing a serious allergic reaction to a bee sting is brought to the emergency department. The client's right hand is swollen, red, and painful. She is extremely upset, short of breath, and the nurse detects wheezing and stridor. The nurse is ordered to administer epinephrine to relieve which of the client's symptoms?

acute bronchospasm.

Which medications may be administered concurrently with amphotericin B to help minimize the adverse reactions to this medication?

antipyretics

The nurse instructs a client taking oral iron preparations about strategies for addressing which potential adverse effects?

constipation

A client is being treated for herpes outbreak, and the healthcare provider has prescribed acyclovir. In order to screen for potential problems with the client's excretion of the drug, which assessment data should the nurse review?

blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels.

Armando, age 13, is prescribed testosterone for delayed onset of puberty. What is a priority when monitoring the prepubescent?

bone growth

A 51-year-old man is being discharged from the hospital following treatment with anticoagulants for a deep vein thrombosis. The nurse will instruct the client to:

consider safety measures to prevent bleeding and be alert for signs of bleeding.

A client has received a new prescription of sublingual nitroglycerin. The nurse is teaching the client how to take the medication. What does the nurse instruct the client to do first?

give sip of water to moisten the mucus membrane to facilitate absorption

A patient will be undergoing surgery, during which the anesthesiologist plans to administer vecuronium. The nurse will recognize that the administration of this drug creates a need for:

mechanical ventilation

The client has been taking a sleep medication for the last 6 months. The client informs the primary care provider that she sleeps great now and wants to discontinue the drug. The provider informs the client that this is not a good idea. What is the best rationale for the providers advice?

paradoxical reaction

A client is suspected of having pheochromocytoma. Which agent would the nurse identify as being used to help diagnose this disorder?

phentolamine

A client experiences an overdose of warfarin. Which would the nurse expect to administer?

phytonadione (vitamin K)

The nurse is reviewing the health record of a client with a prolonged history of rheumatoid arthritis. The health care provider's notes state that the client may be an appropriate candidate for chrysotherapy. The nurse should anticipate what treatment?

prescription of auranofin

The nurse is visiting a female client in her home for treatment of wound. The client is concerned that her husband, a truck driver, is bothered by his seasonal allergies. A friend suggested diphenhydramine. What is the nurse's best response?

the drug may cause drowsiness, and make driving unsafe

The nurse is caring for a child who is prescribed supplemental iron therapy in liquid form. What is the priority parent teaching to be provided by the nurse?

the iron should be taken through a straw

The nurse should encourage the client to implement which intervention in order to risk of developing chemotherapy-triggered mucositis?

thoroughly rinse the mouth often, especially before and after meals

The nurse is working with a client who is newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Diagnostic testing has indicated that the client's health problem is caused by an anterior pituitary disfunction. This client's hypothyroidism is rooted in a deficiency of:

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

The nurse is teaching a client about hypertension. Nonpharmacologic methods to decrease blood pressure would include which?

weight loss and decreased salt intake.