pharmacology hesi
A client has a prescription to take guaifenesin every 4 hours, as needed. The nurse determines that the client understands the most effective use of this medication if the client makes which statement?
"I will take the tablet with a full glass of water." It is a decongestant
A client is receiving digoxin daily. The nurse suspects digoxin toxicity after noting which signs and symptoms? Select all that apply.
Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity include gastrointestinal signs, bradycardia, visual disturbances, and hypokalemia. A therapeutic serum digoxin level ranges from 0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL (1.02 to 2.56 nmol/L). The serum potassium level should be between 3.5 mEq/L
Silver sulfadiazine is prescribed for a client with a partial-thickness burn and the nurse provides teaching about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching about the treatments? 1. "The medication is an antibacterial." 2."The medication will help heal the burn." 3."The medication is likely to cause stinging initially." 4."The medication should be applied directly to the wound."
Silver sulfadiazine is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is applied directly to the wound to assist in healing. It does not cause stinging when applied.
A postoperative client has received a dose of naloxone hydrochloride for respiratory depression shortly after transfer to the nursing unit from the postanesthesia care unit. After administration of the medication, the nurse should check the client for which sign/symptom?
Sudden increase in pain Naloxone hydrochloride is an antidote to opioids and may also be given to the postoperative client to treat respiratory depression. When given to the postoperative client for respiratory depression, it may also reverse the effects of analgesics
A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid. The nurse should plan to provide which information to the client?
Isoniazid is hepatotoxic, and therefore the client is taught to report signs/symptoms of hepatitis immediately (which include yellow skin and sclera).
Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed?
Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels.
The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client and notes that the client is taking azelaic acid. The nurse determines that which client complaint may be associated with the use of this medication? Itching, Euphoria, Frequent Urination or Drowsiness
Azelaic acid is a topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. Adverse effects include burning, itching, stinging, redness of the skin, and hypopigmentation of the skin in clients with a dark complexion.
The home care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client, prescribed repaglinide and metformin, asks the nurse to explain these medications. The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client? Select all that apply.
1.Diarrhea can occur secondary to metformin. 2.The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped. 3.The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating. 4.Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hypoglycemia episodes.
magnesium sulfate. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects
Adverse effects include flushing, depressed respirations, depressed deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, extreme muscle weakness, decreased urine output, pulmonary edema, and elevated serum magnesium levels.
The client with acute myelocytic leukemia is being treated with busulfan. Which laboratory value should the nurse specifically monitor during treatment with this medication?
Busulfan can cause an increase in the uric acid level because of massive cell death of malignant cells. Hyperuricemia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute kidney injury. Clotting time, potassium, and glucose blood levels are not specifically related to this medication.
A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin. Which information about this medication should the nurse provide to the client?
Causes red-orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving bleomycin intravenously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which diagnostic study will be prescribed? Select all that apply.
Chest X-Ray & Pulmonary Function Tests. Bleomycin is an antineoplastic medication that can cause interstitial pneumonitis, which can progress to pulmonary fibrosis. During pulmonary fibrosis, the lung tissue becomes very scarred and hard. Pulmonary fibrosis is not reversible and the client is continuously short of breath. Pulmonary function studies and chest x-ray, along with hematological, hepatic, and renal function tests need to be monitored. The nurse needs to monitor lung sounds for dyspnea and adventitious sounds, which could indicate pulmonary toxicity. The medication needs to be discontinued immediately if pulmonary toxicity occurs.
An older client has recently been taking cimetidine. The nurse should monitor the client for which most frequent central nervous system side effect of this medication?
Cimetidine is a histamine 2 (H2)-receptor antagonist. Older clients are especially susceptible to the central nervous system side effects of cimetidine. The most frequent of these is confusion.
The nurse has given a client taking ethambutol information about the medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states to report which occurrence immediately?
Ethambutol causes optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability to discriminate between the colors red and green. This poses a potential safety hazard when a client is driving a motor vehicle. The client is taught to report this symptom immediately.
The client has been taking omeprazole for 4 weeks. The nurse evaluates that the client is receiving the optimal intended effect of the medication if the client reports the absence of which symptom?
Heartburn
The nurse is monitoring a client receiving levothyroxine sodium for hypothyroidism. Which findings indicate the presence of a side effect associated with this medication? Select all that apply. 1.Insomnia 2.Weight loss 3.Bradycardia 4.Constipation 5.Mild heat intolerance
Insomnia, weight loss, and mild heat intolerance are side effects of levothyroxine sodium.
A client with tuberculosis is being started on antituberculosis therapy with isoniazid. Before giving the client the first dose, the nurse ensures that which baseline study has been completed?
Liver enzyme levels Isoniazid therapy can cause an elevation of hepatic enzyme levels and hepatitis. Therefore, liver enzyme levels are monitored when therapy is initiated and during the first 3 months of therapy. They may be monitored longer in the client who is greater than age 50 or abuses alcohol.
A burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which finding indicates the occurrence of a systemic effect?
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance (hyperventilation).
A client has been taking isoniazid for 2 months. The client complains to the nurse about numbness, paresthesia, and tingling in the extremities. The nurse interprets that the client is experiencing which problem?
Peripheral neuritis A common adverse effect of isoniazid is peripheral neuritis. This is manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesias in the extremities. This adverse effect can be minimized by pyridoxine intake
Cycloserine is added to the medication regimen for a client with tuberculosis. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce in the client-teaching plan regarding this medication?
To return to the clinic weekly for serum drug-level testing
Glimepiride is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. The nurse reinforces instructions for the client and tells the client to avoid which while taking this medication?
When alcohol is combined with glimepiride, a disulfiram-like reaction may occur. This syndrome includes flushing, palpitations, and nausea. Alcohol can also potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of the medication
Desmopressin acetate is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. The nurse monitors the client after medication administration for which therapeutic response?
Decreased urinary output Desmopressin promotes renal conservation of water. The hormone carries out this action by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase their permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption. The therapeutic effect of this medication would be manifested by a decreased urine output.Desmopressin promotes renal conservation of water. The hormone carries out this action by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase their permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption. The therapeutic effect of this medication would be manifested by a decreased urine output.
The nurse has given a client taking ethambutol information about the medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states to report which occurrence immediately?
Problems with visual acuity Ethambutol causes optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability to discriminate between the colors red and green. This poses a potential safety hazard when a client is driving a motor vehicle. The client is taught to report this symptom immediately.
The client has begun medication therapy with pancrelipase. The nurse evaluates that the medication is having the optimal intended benefit if which effect is observed?
Reduction of steatorrhea (amount of fatty stools)
The homecare nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse should provide which information?
Refrigerate the insulin.
Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which finding indicates the presence of systemic toxicity from this medication?
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not associated with salicylism.
