Pharmacology study guide (the good stuff Class 86)
What are anticholinergic drugs?
Blocks ACH at the Neuro-receptor site.
Child dose for naloxone?
0.01 mg/kg IV/IM
The pediatric dose of Epinephrine in cardiac arrest is?
0.01mg/kg
The pediatric dose of atropine in cardiac arrhthmia managment is?
0.02 mg/kg
The dosae of Alupent by nebulizer is?
0.2 -0.3 mL of 5%soulution, in a 2.5 mL of Normal Saline
The standard dose range of Naloxone is?
0.4- 2, up to 10 mg every 2-3 minutes.
The child dose of Valium is?
0.5- 2 mg
The hospital orders 10mg of a drug. your vial shows 0.25 grains per ML. how many ML's will you give to your patient?
0.66 ML
The normal dose of Activated Charcoal is?
1 gm/kg 20gm-50gm
60 mg is equal to how many grains
1 grain
The dose for Soduim Bicarbonate?
1 mEQ/ kg IV push folllowed by 0.5 mEq/ Kg 10 min
The dose for Mag Sulfate in Torsades?
1-2 Grams followed by a drip at 0.5- 1 gram per hour
The dose for Mag sulfate in Acute Myocardial Infarction?
1-2 grams over 5 - 30 minutes
The dose for Mag sulfate in V-Fib, V-tach?
1-2 grams slow IV push over 2 min
What are the four ending points of Procainamide?
1. Dysrhythmia is interupted 2.Toxic effects are present 3. QRS is widened greater than 50% 4. P-R is prolonged
The infant dose of a drug is 10mcg. the adult dose is 10mg. The infant dose is what of the adult dose?
1/1000
One gram is equal to how many milligrams?
1000 mg = 1 gram
The hospital orders 1mg/kg for a patient who weighs 220 pounds. How much of the drug will you give?
100mg
The Dose for Mag sulfate in Eclampsia?
2-4 gm
The Pediatric dose of Benadryl is?
2-5 mg/kg slow IV push
The initial dose of Verapamil?
2.5- 5.0 mg Slow IV push, Every 15 to 30 minutes at 5 -10 mg slow IV push. Not to exceed 30mg in 30 min
The standard dose for Lasix is?
20-100mg
The adult dose of Procainamide is?
20-30 mg/min up to 17mg/kg
!.5 Liters of fluid will be given at 100ml's per hour. The dropper is 15 gtts/ml. How many drops will the patient recieve?
25 drops per minute
The standard initial dose of benadryl is?
25 mg IV or 50 mg IM
Atropine is indicated in all the following except?
2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks.
The standard dose of Ipecac is?
30 ml PO
Mixing 1 gram of a drug in 250 ml's will yield a concentration of?
4/1 soultion
The dose of Benadryl?
50 mg IM 25 mg IV
Which of the following is the correct initial dose for administering Bretylium in V-Fib refactory to countershock?
5mg/kg Iv then 10mg/kg evry 15-30 min. to a max of 30 mg/kg. Following conversion administer IV infusion at 1-2mg/min.
The initial dose of adenosine is?
6 mg
how many kg's does a 154 lb patient weigh?
70 kg
The dose of Terbutaline?
?
Name a drug that regulates blood clotting?
??? Calcium or potassium ??
A selected Beta-2 Sympathomimetic might be less effective in a patient who is taking?
A Beta blocker
What is cardizem?
A calcium channel blockeralso called ditiazam
What is an Antiplatelet drug?
A drug that decrease the formation of platelets
What is Efficacy?
A drugs ability to cause the expected response
What is a hypertonic solution?
A solution with a greater amount of solute than another. Dextrose D50.
Natural occuring Neurotransmitter?
ACH and Norepinephrine
For status epelepticus, the initial dose of Valium is?
ADult dose: 5-10 mg IV/IM Pediatric dose: 0.5- 2 mg IV/IM
Activated Charcoal works by?
Absorbent and binds to toxins
Postganglian cholinergic nerves release?
Acetacholine
The neurotransmitter releases at the preganglia on both sides of the autoniomic nerves is?
Acetacholine
Charcoal is classified as an?
Adsorbant
Individual variations in a drugs response may be caused by differences in?
Age, state of perfusion, underlying disease, dose, distribution, weight, Route of administration
Epinephrine produces its beneficial effects during cardiac arrest through an increased myocardial and cerebral blood flow due to its?
Alpha Agonist properties
What is idiosyncrasy?
An unusual reaction of a drug on an individual
A drug that blocks the effects of another drug?
Antagonist
Valium possesses the following activities?
Anti-convulsant and a sedative effect
Alupent is indicated for what?
Asthma. Bronchial spasm
Your patient has injested a drug that yopu know to be a mild reversible acatacholine inhibitor. The medication of choice is?
Atropine
Beta blockers due what?
Blocks the effects of epinephrine at beta receptor sites. Prescribed for angina, hypertension and Tachydysrhythmias.
A 5 mcg/kg/min dose of intropin would have which of the following effects?
Beta 2 effects
During a 5 mcg/kg/min dose of Intropin, you would anticipate?
Beta 2 effects
Drugs that end in "OLOL" are?
Beta blockers
The major use of selective Beta 2 agonists are?
Bronchial dilate
What is a Benzodiazapine?
Causes sedative- hynotic effects. Siezures, Anxiety and Muscle relaxers.
What is Lasix indicated for?
CHF and pulmonary edema
Morphine produces all of the following effects.
CNS depression, Respiratory depression, vasodialation, decrease preload.
What is a Barbituate?
Causes a sedetive- hypnotic effect. Siezure and anxiety meds
Toxic reactions from Lidocaine are manifested by?
Central nervous system Depression
How is a drugs Chemical name listed?
Chemical Composition
A common side effect of Valium is?
Coma. Hypotension. Respiratory depression
If a medication is ordered by the doctor that is contraindicated for a patient the paramedic should?
Confirm the order than document
How does Lidocaine work?
Decreases SA and AV automaticity
In contrast to other catecholamines, Intropin at 0.5 - 2 mcg/kg/min is likely to cause?
Dialation
The generic name for Benadryl is?
Diphenhydramine
The reccomended drug for a patient expierncing extrapyramidal reactions or "Dystonic Reaction" from phenothiazine is?
Diphenhydramine
What drug is known to directly inhibit the cellular uptake of adenosine and therefor potentate its effects?
Dipyridamole
Present evedince indicates that the dose of epinephrine injected into the tracheobronchial tree should be?
Double the dose: 2-2.5 mg ET every 3-5 min
What is an Analgesic?
Drugs that relieve pain.
When is patient is in PEA, the first line drug is?
Epinephrine 1mg Atropine, with a heart rate less than 60
When administering Dextrose 50% by direct IV push. Watch closely for?
Extravasation
A common complication that can be caused by IV administration of Valium is?
Extravasation at the IV site
Antagonizes the acts of Benzodiazapine?
Flumazinil
What is Affinity?
Force of attraction between a drug and a receptor
Which of the following patient conditions would likely be taking Zantac?
GI ulcers
Beta 1 receptors are mainly located in the?
Heart
Benadryl is useful in the management of acute allergic reactions because its acts by?
Histamine blocker
Glucagon is a what?
Hormone
What is Pharmacodynamics?
How a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects. Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation and elimination.
What is Pharmacokinetics?
How a drug is absorbed, distributed and metabolized
Calcium Chloride is indicated in what?
Hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hypermagnesmia, calcium channel blocker toxicity.
Propranolol is used in the treatment of?
Hypertension. Beta blocker
D50 is indicated for?
Hypoglycemia, altered mental status of unknown orgin.
what is the most predominate side effect with the use of nitro?
Hypotension
Verapamil would generally be contraindicated in?
Hypotension, 2nd and 3rd degree heart blocks. Wolf parkison white. CHF and Beta Blockers.
Valuim should not be given to which patients?
Hypotensive. Coma. Altered due to ETOH
IM and SC injections are generally contraindicated in patients with?
Hypothermia, MI, or any situation that will not allow adequate perfusion to the heart from the injection site
What is the dosage for Calcium Chloride and how is it given?
IV push, 2-4mg/kg of a 10% solution every 10 minutes or as needed. 8-16mg/kg for calcium channel blocker overdose.
Vagolytic drugs will do what?
Increase heart rate
A patient is taking digitalis. the pharmalogical results of digiatalis therapy is?
Increased myocardial contractile force and cardiac output. Indicated in CHF, A-fib, A-Flutter, And PAT
Does calcium chloride increase or decrease myocardial contractions?
Increases
What are the pharmalogical actions of Digitalis?
Increases cardiac output and Contractibility
What are MAO inhibiter drugs?
Inhibits the break down of Monamine Oxidase. Does not allow the breakdown of Norepinephrine. Normally perscribed for depression.
In the presence of decreased cardiac output the initial dose of Lidocaine should be?
Initial dose of 1 -1.5 mg/kg. The half dose 0.5- 0.75 mg/kg
Drugs that cause an increase in cardiac force is called?
Inotropic. Drugs like (Dopamine)
The salt concentrations of the body is?
Isotonic
The side effects of Isuprel include?
Isuprel is a sympathomimetic
The meachanism of action of Verapamil?
It is a calcium channel blocker that slows AV conduction, Suppresses re-entry dysrhythmias such as PSVT. It also slows Ventricular response to atrial tachydysrhythmias. Dialtes Coronary arteries and reduces myocardial oxygen demand.
Decadron may be given to?
It is an anti- inflamatory and a steroid
What are several true key properties of Sodium Bicarbonate?
Its a buffer. It raises the pH. its an electrolyte. Its an alkalyzing agent. It is indictaed for TCA and barbiturate OD. Can cause sever necrosis if extravasated.
The mechanisim of action of Magnesium sulfate include all of the following?
Just remember that Magnesium puts everything to "Sleep".
How is a drugs official name listed?
Listed by the U.S Pharmacopia
Identify the metric unit of measurment for volume?
Liter
A patient with a history of what would alert you for prolonged action of a drug?
Liver disease. Other factors may include hypothermia or age.
Nitroglycerin may?
Lower blood pressure
Activated Charcoal is contraindicated in poisenings of?
Metals. Corrosive solutions, Solvent, Ethanol. And Methanol
What does Mimetic mean?
Mimics the effects
Morphone is indicated in?
Moderate to sever pain, Acute MI, Pulmonary edema
A patient with severe abdominal pain of unknown etiology, which of the following medications would be contraindicated?
Morphine
What drug is an Opium alkaloid?
Morphine
What is diffusion?
Movement of a solute from a high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
Movement of a solute from a low concentration to an area of high concentration.
When treated with epinephrine, the patient over forty with pre-existing heart disease may expierence?
Myocardial ischemia, ventricular dysrythmias
A patient who is unresponsive on the ground who is cool, pin point pupils, shallow respiration's is found by you. what medication should you administer?
Narcan 0.4mg- 2mg up to 10mg for any suspected narcotic overdose ALOC patient/
what drugs might be effective in reducing the pulmonary edema associated with CHF?
Nitro, lasix, morphine; all are vasodilators
Postganglian adrenergic (sympathetic) nerves release?
Nor Epinephrine
A patient has a complaint of chest pain for the last 45 minutes. She was initially alert but is now drowsy, pale cool and diaphoretic. Has a irregular pulse at 45 and a blood pressure of 88/ 40. ECG shows varing degrees of bradycardia. What drugs will you administer?
O2, Atropine, TCP
How is a drugs brand or trade name listed?
Only the first letter will be capitialized
The pattern of distribution of any given drug will often determine?
Onset of rate of action, where the IV is established, where a medication was injected will determine the speed of how fast will take for the drug to work.
Narcan is used to reverse the respiratory depression caused by?
Opiates/ Narcotics.
What does Lytic mean?
Opposite effects
Center element of biological and chemical processes?
Oxygen
Upon arrival on scene you find a 47 year old patient complaining opf lightheadedness, and severe dyspnea. Physical examination shows JVD, Left ventricular failure, pitting edema, rales. Blood pressure is 150/80. Reps are 28 and labored. The patients ECG shows accelerated atrial tachycardia. The medication of choice for this patient is?
Oxygen. Nitro, Lasix. And Morphine.
What is an ACE Inhibitor?
Prevents conversion of angiotension 1 into angiotension 2. Perscribed for hypertension and CHF.
What is a Cholinesterase inhibitor?
Prolongs teh effects of acetycholine
A dopamine drip at 20mcg/kg/min will likely result in?
Pure alpha
What rhythm would you give adenosine for?
SVT
The contraindications for the use of adenosine may include?
Second or 3rd degree heart block
What are SSRI drugs?
Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Perscribed for antipsychotics and depression.
A patient who prevents in severe anaphalactic shock with a blood pressure of 60 palpated and a cap refill of 4 seconds, and severe Brochospasms. In this patient Epinephrine is useful due to its?
Smooth muscle constriction and Bronchial dialation
Cation of extracellular fluid?
Sodium
What is Biotransformation?
Special name to the metabolisim of drugs
Steroids are used to treat patients with?
Spinal cord injury or Chronic Asthma
What is a diuretic?
Stimulates the kidneys to produce urine. Perscribed for Hypertension and CHF
How is a drugs generic name listed?
Suggested by manufacture and confirmed by U.S adopted name council.
What drugs would you expect to be less effective when a patient is taking Propranolol?
Sympathomimetics, Beta 2 specefic
The term that describes the combined effects of two drugs which are greater than the sum of thier individual effects?
Synergism. 1+1=3
Side effects of atropine?
Tachycardia, VF, VT, ischemia due to increased workload
The side effects of Alupent are?
Tachycardia. And dysrythmias
wHAT IS metabolisim?
The body breaking down chemicals in diffrent chemicals
What is the Autonomic nervous system?
The part of the nervous system that controls involuntary action
What is a synapse?
The space between nerves
What is Pharmacology?
The study of drugs and thier interactions with the body
If a p[atient were to recieve an agent that dissolves thrombi you should inform the base station of the following assessment.
Time of Chief complaint onset. Signs and symptoms. Treatment. For suspected MI 6 hours. Suspected CVA 3 hours.
Pitocin (oxytocin), is given for?
To increase uterine contranctions in order to stop bleeding.
Vistaril is given?
To manage an acute anxiety attack and Nausea and Vomiting
decreased drug responsiveness which sometimes occurs with chronic administration?
Tolerance
bretylium is indicated in?
V-tach, V-fib refactory to lidocaine.
Nitro's Action?
Vasodialation
The theraputic action of nitrates involves?
Vasodilation perscribed for angina and CHF
The Generic name for Isoptin or Calan is?
Verapamil
Verapamil may have what side effects?
Vertigo, Sleepiness, Hypotension, CHF, Bradycardia, Severe Tachycardia, edema and AV blocks.
The side effects of Pitocin are?
Water retention, uterine rupture, Subarachnoid rupture
What does a cardiac glycoside drug do?
lOWERS HEART RATE WHILE INCREASING CONTRACTILE FORCE. Like Digoxin.
A 45 year old patient with chest pain for the last hour is now cold, pale, and diaphoretic with a blood pressure of 60 palpated and respirations at a shallow 26. The initial pharmalogical intervention is?
oxygen, fluid and Dopamine
a 17 year old male is showing bizzare behavior in his Chemistry classroom. You find a vial labeled, "Aminophyline is the ethylendiamine salt of theophyline". you know thios drug to be a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator. You would expect the patients pulse to be?
rapid
Lidocaine used in the V-fib, V-tach setting is given?
rapid IV Push 1 -1.5 mg/kg
Lidocaine is contraindicated in which of the following patients?
second or third degree heart blocks. Or escape rhthyms
What are TCA drugs?
tricyclic antideppresants block the reuptake of Norepinephrine and serotonin. Perscribed for depression.
