PHARMACOLOGY (WEEK 4)

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for allopurinol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Avoid driving or activities that require mental alertness. b. Avoid crushing the tablets c. Limit fluid intake during therapy. d. Limit potassium while taking allopurinol.

a. Avoid driving or activities that require mental alertness. Rationale: l can cause drowsiness. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid driving or activities that require mental alertness until they know the effect the drug will have on th

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking allopurinol about minimizing adverse effects. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Eat a small meal before taking the drug. b. Suck on hard candy or chew gum. c. Take a stool softener daily. d. Avoid the use of NSAIDs.

a. Eat a small meal before taking the drug. Rationale: Taking allopurinol after eating a meal or drinking a glass of milk can prevent stomach upset.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking naloxone to treat acute morphine toxicity. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply) a. increased respiratory b. increased pain c. thrombophlebitis d. ventricular arrhythmias e. hypertension

a. increased respiratory b. increased pain d. ventricular arrhythmias e. hypertension

A nurse is planning care for a client who has started taking prednisone. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? a. monitor the client's blood glucose b. administer an antacid 30 min prior to prednisone c. administer aspirin rather than NSAIDs if the client has pain d. monitor the client for hyperkalemia

a. monitor the client's blood Rationale: Prednisone can cause hyperglycemia. The nurse should monitor the client's blood glucose

A nurse is caring for a client who asks about taking acetaminophen. The nurse should identify that acetaminophen in indicated for which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply) a. to reduce fever b. to decrease inflammation c. to relieve mild pain d. to promote sedation e. to alleviate anxiety

a. to reduce fever c. to relieve mild pain

A nurse is reviewing the drug list for a client who has a new prescription for allopurinol. The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs interacts with allopurinol? a. warfarin b. ibuprofen c. insulin d. furosemide

a. warfarin Rationale: Allopurinol can increase the effectiveness of warfarin. A lower dosage of warfarin might be required

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking allopurinol to treat gout. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of hypersensitivity syndrome? a. Muscle pain b. Fever c. Anxiety d. Tremors

b. Fever Rationale: Allopurinol, an anti-gout drug, can cause hypersensitivity syndrome. The nurse should monitor the client for rash, itching, or fever, as manifestations of hypersensitivity syndrome, which can lead to renal or liver dysfunction. Clients who develop this type of reaction should stop taking the drug.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving morphine to relieve severe pain. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse drug reactions? (Select all that apply.) a. Diarrhea b. Urinary retention c. Respiratory depression d. Sedation e. Orthostatic hypotension

b. Urinary retention c. Respiratory depression d. Sedation e. Orthostatic hypotension

A nurse is caring for a client who is opioid dependent and has a new prescription for butorphanol. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of abstinence syndrome? (Select all that apply.) a. Bronchospasm b. Vomiting c. Peripheral edema d. Abdominal cramps e. Hypertension

b. Vomiting e. Hypertension

A nurse us caring for a client who has a new prescription for celecoxib. The nurse should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse drug reactions? a. tinnitus (ringing in the ears) b. chest pain c. constipation d. diaphoresis (excessive, abnormal sweating)

b. chest pain Rationale: Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitors, can cause cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. Clients should report chest pain, shortness of breath, headache, numbness, weakness, or confusion. Providers should prescribe the lowest effective dosages of the drug for the shortest time period possible

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) a. reduce the dose during periods of stress b. discontinue the drug gradually c. report illness or infection d. increase intake of calcium and vitamin B e. monitor for signs of gastric bleeding

b. discontinue the drug gradually c. report illness or infection d. increase intake of calcium and vitamin B e. monitor for signs of gastric bleeding

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for prednisone for long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse drug reactions? a. Pulmonary embolism b. Hepatitis c. Bone loss d. Breast cancer

c. Bone loss Rationale: Prednisone, a glucocorticoid, can cause osteoporosis, especially with long-term use. Clients who are taking the drug should increase weight-bearing activity and report back pain. The nurse should monitor the client's bone density.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a new prescription for celecoxib. The nurse should identify that which of the following conditions is a contraindication to celecoxib? a. Rheumatoid arthritis b. Ankylosing spondylitis c. Sulfonamide allergy d. Adrenocortical insufficiency

c. Sulfonamide allergy Rationale: Clients who are allergic to sulfonamides can have severe allergic reactions to celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. Clients who are allergic to salicylates can also react adverselv to celecoxib.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for aspirin to treat an ankle sprain. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse drug reactions? a. polyuria (urinates too much) b. bone pain c. weight gain d. infection

c. weight gain Rationale: Aspirin use can cause renal impairment, which can result in the retention of salt and water. Clients should report reduced urine output, weight gain, edema, or bloating. The nurse should monitor BUN and creatinine levels and stop aspirin therapy for clients who develop signs of renal dysfunction

A nurse is caring for a child who has a viral infection. The nurse should identify that which of the following drugs can increase the risk of Reye syndrome in children who have viral infections? a. Butorphanol b. Acetaminophen c. Tramadol d. Aspirin

d. Aspirin Rationale: Aspirin can increase the risk for Reye syndrome in children who have a viral infection, particularly chickenpox or influenza. Manifestations of Reye syndrome include lethargy and persistent vomiting.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking acetaminophen at regular intervals for mild discomfort. The nurse should tell the client to report which of the following early indications of acetaminophen toxicity? (Select all that apply.) a. Diaphoresis b. Palpitations c. Shortness of breath d. Nausea e. Diarrhea

a. Diaphoresis d. Nausea e. Diarrhea

A nurse is caring for a client who takes low-dose aspirin to prevent cardiovascular events. The client asks the nurse about taking ibuprofen to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. "Ibuprofen will increase your risk for developing salicylism. b. "Ibuprofen will reduce the cardioprotective effects of low-dose aspirin. c. "Low-dose aspirin will reduce the anti-inflammatory effects of ibuprofen.' d. "Low-dose aspirin will reduce the analgesic effects of ibuprofen.

b. "Ibuprofen will reduce the cardioprotective effects of low-dose aspirin. Rationale: Ibuprofen, an NSAID, reduces the cardioprotective effects of low-dose aspirin. Clients taking low-dose aspirin for its ability to decrease platelet aggregation should not take ibuprofen.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for butorphanol. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse drug reactions? (Select all that apply) a. infection b. nausea c. tachycardia d. dizziness e. heachahes

b. nausea d. dizziness e. heachahes

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a new prescription for tramadol. The nurse should identify that which of the following conditions is a contraindication for tramadol? a. hyperthyroidism b. seizure disorder c. rheumatoid arthritis d. urinary incontinence

b. seizure disorder Rationale: Tramadol, a non-opioid analgesic, can cause seizure activity. Clients who have seizure disorders, head injuries, or increased intracranial pressure should not take tramadol

A nurse is caring for a group of postoperative clients. The nurse should identify that morphine is contraindicated for which of the following clients? a. A client who had a mastectomy b. A client who had a knee arthroplasty c. A client who had a colectomy d. A client who had a cholecystectomy

d. A client who had a cholecystectomy Rationale: Morphine can cause biliary colic. It should not be administered to a client who has just had biliary tract surgery, such as a cholecystectomy.

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who reports taking acetaminophen at home. The nurse should identify that which of the following client education is contraindication for acetaminophen? a. asthma b. diabetes mellitus c. heart failure d. alcohol use disorder

d. alcohol use disorder Rationale: Acetaminophen causes liver toxicity. Clients who have history of alcohol use disorder should not take acetaminophen

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin taking aspirin. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations of salicylism? (Select all that apply) a. fever b. tinnitus (ringing in the ear) c. diaphoresis (excessive, abnormal sweating) d. thromboplebitis ( inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form) e. dizziness

a. fever b. tinnitus (ringing in the ear) c. diaphoresis (excessive, abnormal sweating) e. dizziness

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for tramadol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply) a. increase fiber and fluid intake b. take the drug with food c. avoid driving after taking the drug d. reduce exercise level temporarily e. change position gradually

a. increase fiber and fluid intake b. take the drug with food c. avoid driving after taking the drug e. change position gradually

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for allopurinol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse drug reactions? (Select all that apply.) a. Palpitations b. Sore throat c. Vertigo d. Bruising e. Vision changes

b. Sore throat c. Vertigo d. Bruising e. Vision changes

A nurse is caring for a client who currently takes furosemide and has a new prescription for prednisone. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations during concurrent use of the two drugs? a. Hypercalcemia b. Hypoglycemia c. Hypothermia d. Hypokalemia

d. Hypokalemia Rationale: Prednisone, a glucocorticoid, can cause hypokalemia. The risk for this electrolyte imbalance increases when the client is taking potassium-depleting diuretics, such as furosemide. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider and monitor the client's potassium levels