Phase 2 Unit 5 Comp Gov

Which of the following accurately describes two main components of structural adjustment programs? a. A reduction in government spending and the lowering of import tariffs b. An increase in taxes on corporations and redistribution of income c. An increase in employment and the minimum wage through spending on public works d. Nationalization of major industries and a decrease in interest rates e. A reduction of foreign investment and the institution of a flat tax

a. A reduction in government spending and the lowering of import tariffs

Which of the following best describes Iran? a. A rentier state b. A command economy c. A socialist democracy d. A constitutional monarchy e. An advanced industrial democracy

a. A rentier state

Which of the following is an achievement of the Maoist period that has been overturned by economic reforms in China? a. Guaranteed employment b. Extensive female employment c. Effective environmental policies d. Competitive educational opportunities e. State subsidies for defense industries

a. Guaranteed employment

The most common strategy adopted by developing countries to deal with the problem of population growth is a. establishing policies that seek to reduce fertility rates b. closing their borders c. encouraging students studying abroad not to return home d. reducing the size of their urban areas e. redistributing economic resources to produce equality

a. establishing policies that seek to reduce fertility rates

The widespread degradation of the urban environment in developing countries can best be explained by a. the higher priority placed on industrialization relative to environmental protection b. popular skepticism about "green" issues c. the lack of foreign advice on how to install pollution-control devices d. the opposition of agricultural workers to industrialization e. massive use of private automobiles due to lack of public transportation

a. the higher priority placed on industrialization relative to environmental protection

In the developed and developing worlds, respectively, the greatest demographic pressures on policy come from which of the following? a. Developed - Gender imbalances Developing - Aging b. Developed - Aging Developing - Overpopulation c. Developed - Emigration Developing - Immigration d. Developed - Overpopulation Developing - High death rates e. Developed - High birth rates Developing - Emigration

b. Developed - Aging Developing - Overpopulation

In a rentier system, public policy is less responsive to citizens because of which of the following factors? a. Most citizens rent rather than own property. b. Government revenues are derived from foreign purchases of a particular resource. c. Governments are necessarily corrupt in such systems. d. There is no consensus for policy because the polity is fractured by numerous cleavages. e. Such systems have temporary governments, which do not have time to develop policy.

b. Government revenues are derived from foreign purchases of a particular resource.

What government action is partially responsible for the change shown in the above chart? a. Judicial review b. Privatization c. Deficit spending d. Corporatism e. Regionalism

b. Privatization

Which of the following policies was a governmental priority for Russian reformers in the early 1990's? a. Attracting immigration of skilled workers b. The rapid transition toward a market economy c. Controlling environmental damage by farmers d. Creating autonomous regional governments so that federalism could be established e. Eliminating excessive regulation of new banks and joint-stock ventures

b. The rapid transition toward a market economy

One of the key socioeconomic changes as countries develop economically is a. an increasingly rigid social structure b. increasing rural-to-urban migrations c. declining literacy rates d. decreasing gender equality e. decreasing life expectancy

b. increasing rural-to-urban migrations

The European Union (EU) is an example of a a. unitary state b. supranational organization c. nongovernmental organization d. symmetrical state e. cartel

b. supranational organization

Which of the following occurred soon after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini? a. Iran invaded Kuwait. b. The government nationalized the financial sector and major industries. c. Economic development became the central concern of the Iranian state. d. Iran adopted a parliamentary form of government. e. Iran reclaimed some of the territory lost to Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War.

c. Economic development became the central concern of the Iranian state.

An important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the a. elimination of private enterprise b. legalization of meaningful competition among political parties c. encouragement of greater foreign investment in the national economy d. banning of military participation in official policy-making e. renewal of isolationist foreign policy

c. encouragement of greater foreign investment in the national economy

Health care, pensions, unemployment insurance, and direct economic assistance to those in need are a. impossible to study comparatively because of international diversity b. basic values of new social movements c. examples of provision of public policies d. common features of unofficial patron-client networks e. widely seen as being absent under the Soviet style of socialism

c. examples of provision of public policies

Which of the following is an implication of the chart? a. A two-child policy in the 1980s would have been a more effective response to demographic pressures than the one-child policy was. b. The fertility rate in China was heavily influenced by the one-child policy, especially between 1990 and 2015. c. China's one-child policy was an effective response to demographic pressures. d. China's one-child policy was unnecessary, as the fertility rate would have declined similarly without a policy restricting fertility rates.

d. China's one-child policy was unnecessary, as the fertility rate would have declined similarly without a policy restricting fertility rates.

The major motivation for neoliberal economic reforms in Mexico and Nigeria has come from which of the following? a. Political uprising by the urban poor b. Collapse of longstanding labor unions c. Widespread opposition to globalization d. Debt burdens and pressures from international lenders e. The need to expand the economic base for military modernization

d. Debt burdens and pressures from international lenders

Which of the following is true about the current legal system in China? a. It is still largely based on Confucianism. b. The judiciary is independent. c. Capital punishment is not allowed under the constitution. d. Economic reform has led to judicial reform. e. It is based on common law.

d. Economic reform has led to judicial reform.

Which of the following is a key component of economic liberalization in former command economies? a. Prohibiting foreign direct investment b. Severing ties with the World Bank c. Nationalizing privately owned firms d. Eliminating price controls e. Instituting tariffs

d. Eliminating price controls

What is meant by the term "democratic deficit" in the European Union? a. Most new member states do not hold competitive elections. b. Very few democratic parties (parties on the political left) are elected in European elections. c. Turnout for domestic elections in all member states is decreasing. d. Most decision making in the European Union is done by nonelected officials. e. The European Union has a large deficit because of spending on agricultural subsidies.

d. Most decision making in the European Union is done by nonelected officials.

Which of the following statements is true about Iranian domestic policy? a. The government does not allow foreign investment. b. Women are forbidden to attend university. c. The government argues that environmental policies are against Shari'ah law. d. The predominant interpretation of Shari'ah law allows for birth control. e. The government has forbidden the production of nuclear energy.

d. The predominant interpretation of Shari'ah law allows for birth control

Which of the following is true of women in Nigeria? a. They had more control over their own affairs under colonialism than they do now. b. They enjoy more freedom in the northern region than they do in the south. c. They must walk at least two spaces behind their husbands d. They enjoy more freedom in the southern region than they do in the north. e. They voted for the first time in 1999.

d. They enjoy more freedom in the southern region than they do in the north.

The welfare service commitments of advanced industrial democracies are most seriously threatened by a. an increase in outmigration b. the increasing power of trade unions c. the rise of separatist movements d. the aging of their populations e. the public demand for free education

d. the aging of their populations

Nigeria has significantly increased its importance as a regional power through its leadership in which of the following organizations? a. Organization of Islamic States b. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) c. United Nations Security Council d. International Monetary Fund (IMF) e. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

e. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Differences in the platforms of two parties important in the first decade of postcommunist Russia—the Communist Party and Yabloko— have reflected disagreements on primarily what policy? a. Ethnic appeasement b. Gender rights c. Religious freedom d. Urban development e. Economic reform

e. Economic reform

Which statement below best explains why, despite tremendous oil reserves, the Nigerian government still has difficulty providing social services throughout the country? a. Nigeria lacks a bureaucracy. b. There are not enough trained teachers and medical professionals in the country. c. Domestic instability has diverted oil revenue from the social sector to the defense sector. d. Revenues earned from oil reserves have remained in the oil-producing Niger Delta region. e. Massive corruption limits the amount of resources redistributed by the government to the people.

e. Massive corruption limits the amount of resources redistributed by the government to the people.

In British politics, which of the following has created the most conflict over the European Union? a. Tax policy b. Health policy c. Defense policy d. Regional policy e. Monetary policy

e. Monetary policy