Phatho Exam 4

The nurse is conducting a focused assessment for a client at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which finding indicates the client is becoming hypoxemia? A. elevating carbon dioxide level B. hypoxia not responsive to oxygen therapy C. metabolic acidosis D. server, unexplained electrolyte imbalance

B. hypoxia not responsive to oxygen therapy

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who is receiving hemodialysis. Which values are an expected outcome of dialysis? Select all that apply: A. elevated serum creatinine level B. potassium. within moral limits C. decreased hemoglobin concentration D. sodium levels within normal limits E. decreased red blood cells

B. potassium. within moral limits E. decreased red blood cells

The nurse is teaching a client with asthma to avoid situations that will precipitate an asthma attack. Which situation should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? A. occupational exposure to toxins B. valsalva maneuver C. exposure to cigarette smoke D. exercising in cold temperatures

C. exposure to cigarette smoke

Which nursing action is most appropriate for a client who has urge incontinence? A. Have the client urinate on a timed schedule B. Provide a bedside commode C. Administer prophylactic antibiotics D. Teach the client intermittent self-catheterization technique

A. Have the client urinate on a timed schedule (having the client void regularly can help decrease the frequency of incontinence episodes)

The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in this discussion? select all that apply A. Hemodialysis B. Peritoneal dialysis C. Kidney transplant D. Bilateral nephrectomy E. Intense immunosuppression therapy

A. Hemodialysis C. Kidney transplant D. Bilateral nephrectomy

Congestive heart failure would be an _______ cause of renal failure? A. Prerenal B. Intrarenal C. Postrenal

A. Prerenal

The nurse assesses a parent's understanding of the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). Which factor, if described by the parents, indicates understanding the underlying problem of the disease? A. an abnormality in the body's mucus-secreting glands B. formation of fibrous cysts in various body organs C. failure of the pancreatic ducts to develop properly D. reaction to the formation of antibodies against streptococcus

A. an abnormality in the body's mucus-secreting glands

A school-age child hospitalized with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis during the acute stage has elevated blood pressure and low urine output for 14 hours. What should the nurse do next? A. assess the child's neurologic status B. encourage the child to drink more water C. advise the child to eat a low-sodium breakfast D. help the client ambulate in the hallway

A. assess the child's neurologic status (because hypertensive encephalopathy is a major potential complication of the acute phase of glomerulonephritis)

A client with acute kidney injury asks the nurse, "Will my kidneys ever function normally again?" What should the nurse tell the client? "You will": A. continue to improve over a period of weeks" B. likely need dialysis" C. improve when you have a kidney transplant" D. have more kindly damage in several years"

A. continue to improve over a period of weeks" (the kidney has a remarkable ability to recover from serious insult, recovery will take 3-12 months)

A client has been admitted with acute kidney injury. What should the nurse do while admitting the client? select all that apply A. elevate the heat of the bed 30 to 45 days B. take vital signs C. establish an intravenous(IV) access site D. call the admitting health care provider (HCP) for prescriptions E. contact the hemodialysis unit

A. elevate the heat of the bed 30 to 45 days B. take vital signs C. establish an intravenous(IV) access site D. call the admitting health care provider (HCP) for prescriptions

The nurse is preparing a client with asthma for discharge to home. Which instruction(s) should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan? select all that apply. A. incorporate physical exercise as tolerated into the daily routine B. monitor peak flow numbers after meals and at bedtime C. eliminate stressors in the work and home environment D. use melatonin to ensure uninterrupted sleep at night E. avoid smoke-filled rooms

A. incorporate physical exercise as tolerated into the daily routine E. avoid smoke-filled rooms

A client with a history of renal calculi formation is being discharged after surgery to remove the calculus. What instruction should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching plan? A. increase daily fluid intake to at least 68 to 101 oz (2011 to 2987 mL). B. stain all urine for 1 week C. eliminate dairy products from the diet D. follow measures to alkalinize the urine

A. increase daily fluid intake to at least 68 to 101 oz (2011 to 2987 mL). (high daily fluid intake will prevent urinary stasis and concentration which can cause crystallization so it will decrease the risk of formation of calculi)

A client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS has fine crackles at the lung bases, and the respirations are shallow at a rate of 28 breaths/min. The client is restless and anxious. In addition to monitoring the arterial blood gas results, what should the nurse do? select all that apply A. monitor serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels B. administer a sedative C. keep the head of the bed flat D. administer humidified oxygen E. auscultate the lungs

A. monitor serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels D. administer humidified oxygen E. auscultate the lungs

The emergency department nurse is assessing a client who has sustained a blunt injury to the chest wall. Which finding indicates the presence of a pneumothorax in this client? A. a low respiratory rate B. diminished breath sounds C. the presence of barrel chest D. a sucking sound at the site of injury

B. diminished breath sounds (basic symptoms of closed pneumothorax are shortness of breath and chest pain)

An older adult who lives alone has stress incontinence. what should the nurse teach the client to do to prevent incontinence? select all that apply A. ask someone else to lift heavy objects B. refrain from drinking coffee or alcohol C. perform perineal muscle exercises (i.e., Kegel exercises) D. apply estrogen cream to the urinary meatus after voiding E. avoid jumping up and down

B. refrain from drinking coffee or alcohol C. perform perineal muscle exercises (i.e., Kegel exercises) E. avoid jumping up and down

A client with bacterial pneumonia is to be started on intravenous antibiotics. The nurse should verify that which diagnostic test has been completed before administering the antibiotic? A. urinalysis B. sputum culture C. chest radiograph D. red blood cell count

B. sputum culture (determines the causative organisms)

The client with tuberculosis is to be discharged home with nursing follow-up. Which aspect of nursing care will have the highest priority? A. offering the client emotional support B. teaching the client about the disease and its treatment C. coordinating various agency services D. assessing the client's environment for sanitation

B. teaching the client about the disease and its treatment

A child with cystic fibrosis does not like taking a pancreatic enzyme supplement with meals and snacks. The parent does not like to force the child to take the supplement. What is the most important reason for the child to take the pancreatic enzyme supplement with meals and snacks? A. the child will become dehydrated if the supplement is not taken with meals and snacks B. the child needs these pancreatic enzymes to help the digestive system absorb fats, carbohydrates, and proteins C. the child needs the pancreatic enzymes to aid in liquefying mucus to keep the lungs clear D. the child will experience severe diarrhea if the supplement is not taken as prescribed

B. the child needs these pancreatic enzymes to help the digestive system absorb fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

The nose is developing a teaching plan for the client newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which information should be included in the plan? select all that apply A. pulmonary rehabilitation program offer very little benefit B. pneumococcal vaccination is contraindicated for clients with lung disease C. high humidity increases the effort of breathing D. a bronchodilator with a metered-dose inhaler should be readily available E. smoking cessation is important to slow or stop disease progression

C. high humidity increases the effort of breathing D. a bronchodilator with a metered-dose inhaler should be readily available E. smoking cessation is important to slow or stop disease progression

The nurse is instructing a client with chronic renal failure to maintain adequate nutritional intake. Which diet would be most appropriate? A. high-carbohydrates, high-protein B. high-calcium, high-potassium, high-protein C. low-protein, low-sodium, low-potassium D. low-protein, high-potassium

C. low-protein, low-sodium, low-potassium

The nurse performs an admission assessment on a client with a diagnosis of tuberculosis. The nurse should check the results of which diagnostic test that will confirm this diagnosis? A. chest X-ray B. bronchoscopy C. sputum culture D. tuberculin skin test

C. sputum culture

Prior to discharging a client diagnosed with tuberculosis, the nurse is determining is others in the home are at risk for contracting the disease. Which of these family members who have been exposed to tuberculosis would be at the highest risk for contracting the disease? A. 45-year-old parent B. 17-year-old adolescent C. 8-year-old child D. 76-year-old grandparent

D. 76-year-old grandparent

The most common port of entry for cold viruses is _____? A. inhalation B. small cuts C. food D. conjunctival surface of the eyes E. fingers

D. conjunctival surface of the eyes (most common entry is the conjunctival surface of the eyes and nasal mucosa)

Which of the following is not a sign/symptom of tuberculosis? A. purulent, blood sputum B. Prolonged cough that becomes increasingly severe C. development of cavitation D. dramatic weight gain, hyperactivity

D. dramatic weight gain, hyperactivity

Which of the following conditions does not lead to stone formation? A. acidic pH B. supersaturated urine C. urine stasis D. high Na+ concentration

D. high Na+ concentration

The nurse is assessing a client with multiple trauma who is at risk for developing acute distress syndrome. The nurse should assess which earliest sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome? A. bilateral wheezing B. inspiratory crackles C. intercostal retractions D. increased respiratory rate

D. increased respiratory rate

The most common types of kidney stones are struvite and cystine? true or false

False, it is calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate