PHGY 230 Week5 Quiz

Which of the artery types contain the internal and external elastic laminae?

Muscular arteries

Which are found in the capillary wall? a: Endothelium b: Subendothelial layer c: Internal elastic laminad: Intercellular clefts e: External elastic lamina f: Basement membrane

a, d, f

The cardiac center of the brainstem includes the

cardioacceleratory center, from which sympathetic pathways extend.

Valves in veins

cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction.

The respiratory pump assists blood movement within the veins of the trunk, because as a person inspires,

intra-abdominal pressure increases and intrathoracic pressure decreases.

A portal system

is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

Net filtration pressure (NFP) is equal to the

net hydrostatic pressure minus the net colloid osmotic pressure.

Low blood pressure may cause the net hydrostatic pressure of a capillary to be less than normal. This will result in a(n) ______ net filtration pressure.

decreased

Umbilical arteries carry _______ blood.

deoxygenated

Superior phrenic arteries supply the ______ and emerge from the _____.

diaphragm; descending thoracic aorta

Precapillary sphincters will

-ontrol blood flow into the true capillaries. -cause blood to flow directly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule. -open when the tissue needs nutrients. -close when the tissue's needs have been met.

A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.

100

During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases. What other blood flow changes occur?

Blood flow to coronary vessels increases, and flow to abdominal organs decreases.

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form ________ veins; all of these veins are _______ veins.

brachial, deep

The superior vena cava is formed by the merging of the _______ veins.

brachiocephalic

Blood velocity is measured in _________ and is generally _________ related to total cross-sectional area of blood vessels.

cm/second; inversely

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the

common iliac arteries.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of

diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

The largest arteries of the body are classified as

elastic arteries.

Systolic blood pressure is recorded

in arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction.

The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.

radial; ulnar

The ________ is composed of an endothelium and a subendothelial layer made up of a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

tunica intima

A network of small arteries called the ___________ provides a blood supply to the tunica externa of very large vessels.

vasa vasorum

Atrial natriuretic peptide stimulates

vasodilation, increased urine output, and therefore decreased blood pressure.

As an arterial pathway moves farther from the heart, the arteries

get smaller.

Imagine a patient who loses lots of blood and therefore has less stretch of their aorta with each heartbeat. What reflex will result?

Baroreceptors decrease firing, the cardioacceleratory center increases firing, and cardiac output will exhibit a compensatory increase.

Which path of arteries would a blood cell follow on its way from the thigh to the foot?

Femoral a., popliteal a., anterior tibial a., dorsalis pedis a.

Which statement is accurate?

Filtration dominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostatic pressure.

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic veins

Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?

Lumbar arteries

Which of the following supplies blood to the urinary bladder?

Superior vesical artery

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?

Systemic veins

What causes much of the blood in the fetal right atrium to be shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale?

The blood pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left atrium.

Which statement accurately describes total blood flow?

Total blood flow equals cardiac output and can vary significantly over time with activity levels.

Sinusoids are found in a: bone marrow b: spleen c: small intestine d: kidneye: liver f: muscle g: skin

a, b, e

Renin converts

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

The anterior communicating artery of the cerebral arterial circle connects the

anterior cerebral arteries.

If someone were to have abnormally low levels of protein in their blood, then net filtration pressure would

be higher than normal.

The left renal vein, right renal vein, right suprarenal vein, and right gonadal vein merge directly into the

inferior vena cava.

Pulmonary arteries are wider than systemic arteries. Therefore, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is

low and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have

low viscosity and therefore have low resistance.

The branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery.

maxillary

The umbilical cord contains _____ umbilical vein(s) and _____ umbilical artery(ies).

one; two

If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be

regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.

Circulation to the spleen demonstrates a(n)

simple pathway, as one artery delivers blood and one vein drains the organ.

Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can

stimulate release of nitric oxide, a vasodilator.

At a capillary bed, a vasoconstrictor

stimulates precapillary sphincters and decreases local blood flow.

The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.

superior epigastric artery

The artery that arises from the descending aorta and is immediately inferior to the celiac trunk is the _____ artery.

superior mesenteric

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely due to

the proteins in the blood, and it promotes reabsorption.