Phil Final Exam

What relations on the Square of Opposition is valid, according to modern categorical logic?

contradictories

Two statements are logically equivalent if

each validly implies the other

Aristotelian and modern logicians agree that universal categorical statements have existential import

false

T or F: "Not all lawyers are crooks" is a stylistic variant of "Some lawyers are crooks"

false

T or F: A universal statement is one that is universally accepted as true.

false

T or F: The contrapositive of "All parakeets are budgies" is "All budgies are parakeets"

false

T or F: the term that occurs once in each premise is called the bridge term

false

T or F:" Sometimes people are very kind" is a standard-form categorical statement

false

To show that an area of a venn diagram is empty, we use an "x" in that area

false

An enthymeme is an argument that

has missing or unstated steps

Is a mickey mouse diagram a valid representation of a AAA argument?

no

What is an atomic statement?

one that does not have any other statement as a component

In "All dogs are things that go to heaven", "all" is called the

quantifier

To be in standard form, the elements of a categorical statement must appear in what order

quantifier, subject term, copula, predicate term

The subject term of "All students who skip classes and party on weekends are students who receive low grades" is

students who skip classes and party on weekends

What is required is not required in order for a categorical syllogism to be in standard form?

the premises and the conclusion are true

Two statements are contradictories if

they cannot have the same truth value

A categorical statement is a statement that relates two classes or categories

true

T or F: The complement class of a X is the class containing all things that are not members of X

true

An immediate inference is when a conclusion can be drawn on the basis of

a single premise

What is required in order for a categorical syllogism to be in standard form?

all sentences are in standard form categorical statments the first premise contains the major term the second premise contains the minor term the conclusion is stated last

"All Olympic gold winners are outstanding athletes" is what kind of standard-form statement

A statement

When supplying unstated steps, the principles of fairness and charity require that we

Add only true (or at least plausible) steps.

"No people who were murdered by Jack the Ripper are men" is what kind of standard-form statment

E

T or F: The inference from "Some capitalists are not wealthy people" to "Some wealthy people are not capitalists" is a valid inference.

False

T or F: Any argument with logically inconsistent premises will be valid yet unsound

True

T or F: In A • B, the statement constants are called disjuncts.

True

"Some cows are Jerseys" is what kind of standard-form statment

I statement

a categorical statement has existential import if and only if

it implies that its subject term denotes a nonempty class