Philosophy Final Exam
We examined the scenario about the person who decides not to leave the room in order to comfort the patient, but who is actually locked in without realizing it
when trying to find out whether the (PAP) principle is true.
In the thought experiment about Fred,
Fred lies about being able to see more colors than the rest of us. the neuroscientist who already knows everything about the neurophysiology of Fred's color experiences does not learn anything new when Fred's optical system is transplanted into his body. Fred is a brilliant neuroscientist. Answer: none of the above.
"I have hands" is a conceptual belief.
false
. In the first stage of the imitation game, the computer is programed to trick the interrogator into thinking it is a woman.
false
A counterexample to some argument is another argument that has the same logical form as the original argument and which includes only false statements.
false
A sound argument could have a false conclusion.
false
According to Ayer, free acts lack causes.
false
According to Descartes, I know something with certainty just in case I believe it very strongly.
false
According to Jackson, the qualitative what-it's-like-ness of our experiences is a non-physical property of our soul.
false
According to the classical analysis of knowledge, if you have a justified belief, then you have knowledge.
false
According to the classical analysis, false beliefs can be knowledge.
false
According to the exclusion principle, to be justified in believing something, it is enough if I can exclude the everyday possibilities of error for my belief.
false
According to the principle of alternate possibilities, sometimes there are alternate possibilities that we have to take into consideration.
false
All utilitarians are hedonists.
false
An invalid argument always has a false conclusion.
false
Ayer claims that a free action is one that is not determined by earlier events.
false
Ayer would agree that the garden of forking paths metaphor accurately describes what it takes for an action to be free.
false
Descartes argues that the causal relation between the mind and the body should be understood as analogous to the relation between a sailor and his ship.
false
Descartes argues that the mind is divisible, while the human body is indivisible
false
Descartes argues that the mind is divisible, while the human body is indivisible.
false
Descartes believes that for all he knows, he might be deceived by an evil demon.
false
Descartes is a skeptic.
false
Descartes rejects Leibniz' law.
false
Descartes thinks that he can know about the things in the world more easily than he can know about his mental states.
false
Descartes thinks that the dream argument and the evil deceiver argument are equally powerful: both are used to put both empirical and conceptual beliefs into doubt.
false
Descartes would say that the reason why when I get a paper cut, I typically feel pain is that the mind and the body were created by God so as to be in perfect harmony.
false
Descartes would say that the reason why when I get a paper cut, I typically feel pain is that the mind and the body were created by God to be in perfect harmony.
false
For Warren, being human is the correct criterion for moral status.
false
Frankfurt argues that moral responsibility requires the power to do otherwise.
false
Global skepticism is the view that we can't know anything about the future.
false
Hedonism is the view that only beauty is intrinsically good.
false
In a valid argument, the conclusion may be false even if all the premises are true
false
In the first stage of the imitation game, the computer is programed to trick the interrogator into thinking it is a woman.
false
In the scenario presented by Thomas Reid, a prince and a cobbler swap bodies.
false
Interactionism is the view that there is causal interaction between physical objects
false
Interactionism is the view that there is causal interaction between physical objects.
false
It was argued in lecture when discussing the ship of Theseus puzzle that the original ship is identical to both the replacement and the reassembly ship.
false
Jackson argues that it is possible for the mind to exist without the body
false
Jackson argues that it is possible for the mind to exist without the body.
false
Kantian ethics is a form of Consequentialism.
false
Leibniz would argue that, when I decide to raise my arm, it is the decision that causes me to raise my arm.
false
Malebranche would claim that when Peter decides to move his arm, it is the decision that causes Peter's arm to move.
false
Mill is a non-consequentialist in Ethics.
false
One of Descartes's chief goals in the Meditations is to defend skepticism about the external world.
false
R. Descartes is a property dualist.
false
Rawls argues that one deserves to keep all the products of one's natural talents
false
Rawls is an egalitarian
false
Rawls thinks that one should maximize the maximum level of welfare in our society
false
Rawls thinks that one should minimize the minimum level of welfare in our society
false
Searle argues that computers will never pass the Turing test for mentality.
false
Thomson argues that abortion is always morally permissible.
false
Thomson argues that abortion is never morally permissible.
false
Turing argued that a computer that can play the imitation game successfully can be said to think only in a metaphorical sense.
false
You can never tell whether an argument is valid solely on the basis of information about the truth values of the premises and the conclusion of that argument.
false
The following argument commits which fallacy? "Raising a child is like growing a tree. Sometimes violent things, such as cutting off branches, have to be done to force the tree to grow straight. Similarly, corporal punishment must sometimes be inflicted on children to force them to develop properly."
false analogy
The example "The moon is made out of blue cheese" was used in lecture in order to show that
false beliefs can not be knowledge
We used the scenario about kleptomania to argue that
for an act to be free, the decision must be relevant to the person's behavior.
A successful counterexample to an argument is such that
its conclusions may be true its premise may be false it may be a valid argument Answer: None of the above
In Descartes' view,
knowledge about reality is inferred from knowledge about appearances. it's easier to know about other minds than about one's own. none of the above.
Descartes argues that
knowledge about the external world is based on knowledge about his own mind.
If the conclusion of an argument is false, then the argument
may be valid
If an argument is valid and has a true conclusion, then the argument
might have a false premise
Searle argues that
the mind is to the brain as the software is to the computer hardware. running a complex computer program is sufficient for thought. syntax is enough for semantics. running a complex computer program is not enough for the high level of understanding humans possess, but is enough for a lower degree of understanding. Answer: none of the above.
The following was discussed by us as an objection against Turing:
omputers can't think because they lack originality. computers can't think because they lack consciousness. computers can't pass the Turing test because, unlike humans, they never make mistakes. Answers: all of the above.
It was objected in lecture against Cultural Relativism that
on this view, the customs of a culture cannot be criticized from outside that culture. on this view, the customs of a culture cannot be criticized from inside that culture. the view entails that the most atrocious cruelties conceivable are merely wrong for us and never wrong period. Answer: all of the above.
Thomson would agree that
ou have a moral duty to let the violinist use your kidneys for nine months. unplugging the violinist violates his right to life. you have a moral duty to care for the person plant until it can be safely removed from your house. Answer: none of the above.
The short story "The Meeting" is about
preforming a brain transplant
The classical analysis of knowledge is an account of
propositional knowledge
Searle argues that
running a computer program is not sufficient for understanding Chinese.
The example about the person incapable of torturing a baby for $10 was used in lecture in order to
show that the Principle of Alternate Possibilities is false.
The example about the person incapable of torturing a baby for 10$ was used in lecture in order to
show that the Principle of Alternate Possibilities is false.
Which of the following is NOT on the list of indubitable beliefs that Descartes comes up with in the second Meditation?
that is a book
Descartes would agree that the following belief is put into question by the dream argument:
that is a philosophy book
Descartes would agree that the following belief is put into question by the dream argument:
that is a puppy
Descartes would agree that the following belief is put into question by the evil demon argument:
the Pythagorean theorem
Which of the following is Pollok's skeptical scenario?
the brain in a vat scenario
Which of the following is J. Pollock's skeptical scenario?
the brain in the vat scenario
Jackson argues that
the complete physical story about color vision fails to cover qualia.
If an argument is valid and has a false premise, then
the conclusion might be false
The following was discussed as an objection against Kantian ethics:
the conflict of duties problem.
The central philosophical problem that the aliens from "They are made out of meat" are puzzled by is
the mind body problem
Kant would agree that
the only thing that is intrinsically good is a good will. the moral character of an action depends on the agent's motivation. moral rules are absolute. Answer: all of the above.
The following was presented in lecture as an objection against the soul theory of personal identity:
the possibility of purely physical persons.
The following was presented in lecture as an objection against the soul theory of personal identity:
the possibility of reincarnation.
The following was discussed as part of the mind-body problem:
the problem of consciousness. the problem of intentionality. the problem of subjectivity. Answer: all of the above.
We used the fortune teller example to argue that
true beliefs can be unjustified
In lecture, we used beliefs based on hunches (such as the one about your favorite soccer team winning to show that
true beliefs can fail to be knowledge
An argument is sound if and only if it is
valid and the premises are true
We examined the scenario about the person who decides not to leave the room and to comfort the patient
when trying to find out whether the (PAP) principle is true.
"1+3 = 4" is an empirical belief.
false
Searle argues that running a complex computer program is necessary for intentionality.
false
Searle argues that running a complex computer program is not enough for the high level of understanding humans possess but is enough for a lower degree of understanding.
false
Searle argues that running a complex computer program is sufficient for intentionality.
false
Searle argues that the mind is to the brain as the software is to the computer hardware.
false
Skepticism about the external world is a type of global skepticism.
false
Skepticism about the external world is the view that there are no external objects.
false
Skepticism about the external world is the view that there is no external world.
false
So-called "identical twins" are identical in the numerical sense.
false
So-called "identical twins" are numerically identical.
false
The classical analysis of knowledge was proposed for the first time by R. Descartes.
false
The point of Descartes' passage about the sailor and his ship is to criticize interactionism.
false
The term 'qualia' refers to an extinct bird species.
false
The view according to which we cannot know whether God exists is a version of global skepticism.
false
According to the classical analysis of knowledge, a belief can be knowledge only if it is true.
true
An invalid argument can have all true premises and a true conclusion.
true
Ayer argues that free will should be contrasted with constraint, not causation.
true
The following claim is about syntax: "The word elephant has eight letters."
true
The knowledge argument was designed to prove physicalism wrong.
true
The point of Turing's imitation game is to help us find out whether computers could think.
true
Utilitarianism is a form of Consequentialism.
true
Warren argues that abortion is always morally permissible.
true
An argument is sound if and only if it is
valid and the premies are true
The following is a conceptual belief:
24+6=30
Which of the following is a prime number?
5
The following was discussed in lecture as an objection to Locke's theory of personal identity.
Answer: all of the above. cases of complete and irreversible amnesia. the implication that we were never very little. the transitivity objection.
The thought experiment about the prince and the cobbler has been used in lecture
Answer: all of the above. cases of complete and irreversible amnesia. the transitivity objection.
According to Ayer, an action is unconstrained only if
Answer: all of the above. it is preceded by a decision process. the decision process is relevant to the person's behavior. it is not compelled by another.
The thought experiment about the prince and the cobbler has been used in lecture
Answer: all of the above. to undermine the body theory of personal identity. to undermine the brain theory of personal identity. to support the memory theory of personal identity.
According to the classical analysis of knowledge, to be a piece of knowledge, a belief has to be:
Answer: all of the above. true justified
Being a mammal
Answer: neither A) nor B). is a necessary condition for being an animal. is a sufficient condition for being a racoon. both A) and B). neither A) nor B).
Hard determinism
Answer: none of the above. is one and the same thing as Determinism. is a type of Compatibilism. is a form of Libertarianism.is defined as the view that we have no free will.
It is Descartes' view that
Answer: none of the above. for all he knows, he might be dreaming. for all he knows, he might be deceived by an evil demon. for all he knows, he might be a brain-in-a-vat.
According to Locke, later B is the same person as earlier A if and only if
B can remember some thoughts or experiences A had.
Who claims that mental events have physical effects?
Decartes
Who wrote the Meditations?
Descartes
Determinism is the view that
Every action is caused by prior events. We don't have free will. both. Answer: neither.
In the second Meditation, Descartes argues that the following belief is indubitable:
I am thinking
The following is an empirical belief:
I have a body
Give an example of a possibility of error for the belief that there is a sparrow over there.
I hear something in the trees and I see that it is a sparrow. Just because you hear and see something doesnt mean it is actually there. You could be mistaken about it, because you don't know for sure. You could be imagining it or you could think it is a sparrow when really it is a differnet bird.
According to the exclusion principle,
I know that p only if I can rule out all skeptical scenarios for the belief that p.
Descartes would agree that the following belief is put into question by the evil demon argument:
I see a duck
According to Descartes, the following belief is NOT indubitable:
I see a myrtle
Which of the following answers corectly characterize personal identity as studied in this course?
Identity is understood in the numerical sense. Identity is understood in the diachronic sense.
Jackson argues that
Mary acquires only new ability knowledge and no propositional knowledge upon leaving the room. Mary acquires only new acquaintance knowledge and no propositional knowledge upon leaving the room. while in the room, Mary becomes acquainted with the entire color spectrum except for a particular shade of blue. Answer: none of the above.
Jackson argues that
Mary acquires only new ability knowledge and no propositional knowledge upon leaving the room. ¬¬¬ Mary acquires only new acquaintance knowledge and no propositional knowledge upon leaving the room. ¬¬¬ while in the room, Mary becomes acquainted with the entire color spectrum except for a particular shade of blue. Answer: none of the above.
The Meditations were written by
R. Decartes
Which of the following philosophers is an interactionist?
R. Decartes
Who wrote the Meditations?
Rene Descartes
In the Jones scenario presented in lecture
Smith does not interfere with Jones's decision process in any way.
Which is a counterexample to the following argument? Some young persons are liars. No mathematicians are liars. Therefore, some mathematicians are young persons.
Some dogs are collies. No cats are collies. Therefore, some cats are dogs
Define Substance Dualism.
Substance Dualism means that there are two differnet kinds of substances which are bodies, and minds. Bodies are material substances and minds are immaterial substances.
The following was presented in lecture as an objection against the body theory of personal identity:
cases of multiple personality disorder.
According to Utilitarianism, an act is morally right if and only if
it produces the greatest overall balance of pleasure over pain.
Here is a claim: To know that I'm taking an exam, I need to be able to rule out all scenarios in which I am not taking an exam. Which of the following is true?
The skeptic agrees with this claim. Descartes agrees with this claim. Answer: All of the above. None of the above.
Which of the following claims are about syntax?
The words 'grass' and 'green' have the same number of letters
Which of the following claims is about syntax?
The words 'grass' and 'green' have the same number of letters.
In the scenario we used to explain Reid's transitivity objection to Locke,
a prince and a cobbler have the same memories and thus are one and the same person. :a prince and a cobbler have the same memories and thus are one and the same person. a travelling salesman turns into a gigantic bug. a brave, young officer is killed on the battlefield. Answer: none of the above.
When presenting the thought experiment about Fred, Jackson claims that
after having Fred's optical system transplanted into his body, the neuroscientist who already knew everything physical about Fred learns something new.
Turing argues that
computers will never pass the Turing test because they lack originality. computers won't be capable of thought because they can't have qualia. computers won't be capable of thought because they lack a soul. Answer: none of the above.
Turing argues that
computers will never pass the Turing test because they lack originality. computers won't be capable of thought because they can't have qualia. computers won't be capable of thought because they lack a soul. Answer: none of the above.
We used the acting at gunpoint case to argue that
an action is free only if it is not compelled by another.
We used the scenario about extreme obedience to argue that
an action is free only if there is a deliberation process.
Abortion is immoral because it is not right to intentionally terminate a pregnancy.
begging the question
The argument "Richardson is the most successful mayor the town has ever had because he's the best mayor of our history" commits which fallacy?
begging the question
The following argument commits which fallacy? "Ending one's own life is morally permissible because people are rightfully in charge of their own lives. And this is so because people have the freedom to determine their own destiny. And this follows from the fact that people have the moral right to decide whether they live or die. And this is true because ending one's own life is morally permissible."
begging the question
The government has no right to spy on its citizens because citizens have a right to privacy. And this is true because such a right is guaranteed by the constitutionâ which follows from the fact that our founding fathers recognized the sanctity of individual privacy against the intrusive power of the government. And, of course, this is true because the government has no right to spy on its citizens.
begging the question
To allow every man unbounded freedom of speech must always be, on the whole, advantageous to the state, for it is highly conducive to the interests of the community that each individual should enjoy an unlimited liberty of expressing his sentiments.
begging the question
What fallacy is committed in the following passage? "Free speech is for the common good since unrestrained expression of opinion is in people's interest."
begging the question
Which of the following is a transitive relation?
being identical to
How is A for B? A = being a brother; B = being a male sibling
both necessary and sufficient
How is A for B? A = being a human male with a niece or a nephew; B = being an uncle
both necessary and sufficient
3. Who claims that mental events have physical effects?
decartes
According to the classical analysis of knowledge, Susan may know that David lives in Corpus Christi
even if David in fact lives in San Antonio even if susan does not believe that David lives in Corpus Christi even if susan lacks justification for believing that David lives in Corpus Christi Answer: None of the above
A counterexample to the Principle of Alternate Possibilities is an agent who
has moral responsibility but lacks the power to do otherwise.
Cartesian certainty
has to do with the strength of one's evidence.
Cartesian certainty
has to do with the strength of ones evidence
The imitation game
has two stages, and in each of them one of the players is a computer. is a game in which a computer analyzes how a man and a woman answer various questions, the goal being to identify their gender. is a test for mentality proposed by F. Jackson. Answers: none of the above.
The following argument commits which fallacy? "Bill Gates and Warren Buffet give millions of dollars to charitable causes every year. It must be the case that all wealthy people give huge amounts of money to charity every year."
hasty generalization
What fallacy is committed in the following passage? "You should buy an iPhone. They're great. I bought one last year, and it has given me nothing but flawless performance."
hasty generalization
You should buy an iPhone. They're great. I bought one last year, and it has given me nothing but flawless performance.
hasty generalization
In lecture, we used the scenario about the pessimist who learns that his relative has cancer to show that
having a true belief is not sufficient for knowledge.
Searle argues that
he mind is to the brain as the software is to the computer hardware. running a complex computer program is sufficient for thought. syntax is enough for semantics. running a complex computer program is no¬t enough for the high level of understanding humans possess, but is enough for a lower degree of understanding. Answer: none of the above.
Which of the following is correct?
identify is transitive relation
Princess Elizabeth argued that
if the mind and the body are two distinct kinds of substances, then it's hard to understand how the mind and the body could possibly causally interact.
The view that some events are not necessitated by prior events, but are rather random occurrences is called
indeterminism.
A sensation of red
is a conscious state. is an intentional state. is a subjective state. Answer: all of the above.
The conclusion of a counterexample
is false
An argument is sound just in case:
it is valid and all the premies are true
Descartes offers the following as evidence for believing that the mind and the body are two distinct substances:
my mind is known by me with certainty to exist, while my body is not. I can coherently conceive of my mind existing without my body, and thus it is (in some broad sense) possible for my mind to exist without my body. my body is divisible into part, while my mind is not. Answer: all of the above.
How is A for B? A = being a brother; B = being a male twin
necessary
How is A for B? A = being alive; B = having a right to life
necessary
How is A for B? A = being an animal; B = being a lizard
necessary
How is A for B? A = being exposed to the influenza virus; B = getting the flu
necessary
How is A for B? A = being female; B = being an aunt
necessary
How is A for B? A = taking the exam; B = passing the exam
necessary
How is A for B? A = the presence of oxygen; B = combustion
necessary
How is A for B? A = studying hard for the exam; B = getting an A on the exam
neither necessary nor sufficient
How is A for B? A = watering the roses regularly; B = the roses flourishing
neither necessary nor sufficient
I bought the shirt for you because your friend Steve has one just like it which he loves, and you guys wear your hair the same, wear the same kinds of pants and shoes, and like the same music and TV programs. I thought you would probably like the shirt, too.
no fallacy
In a VALID argument, it is possible for the premises to be
some true and some false, all true, all false,
2. Descartes defends the following view on the mind-body problem:
substance dualism
Descartes defends the following view on the mind-body problem:
substance dualism
How is A for B? A = being a brother; B = being male
sufficient
How is A for B? A = being human; B = being a mammal
sufficient
How is A for B? A = stabbing David to death; B = killing David
sufficient
Being a leopard is
sufficient for being a mammal
Searle argues that
thinking isn't mere symbol manipulation based on syntax.
The point of Warren's thought experiment about space explorers is
to show that the right to life of a potential person is overridden by an actual person's right to life, health and freedom.
A valid argument can include all false statements.
true
According to Leibniz's law, if A is identical to B, then A and B have exactly the same properties.
true
According to Mill, happiness is pleasure and the absence of pain.
true
Ayer argues that there is a conflict between free will and indeterminism.
true
Ayer is a compatibilist about free will.
true
Ayer would agree that all actions are fully fixed by events in the distant past and the laws of nature.
true
Compatibilism was defined in lecture as the view that determinism is compatible with the existence of free will.
true
Descartes believes that knowledge requires certainty.
true
Descartes claims that he can coherently imagine that he exists as a purely thinking thing, without being attached to any body.
true
Descartes is a foundationalist about the structure of knowledge.
true
Descartes is a foundationalist.
true
Descartes' method of hyperbolic doubt requires believing only things that are immune from doubt.
true
Interactionism is the view that the mind and the body causally interact.
true
It is possible for a valid argument to contain only false statements.
true
It was argued in lecture that the addict scenario shows that one can have moral responsibility even if the agent's decision process is not relevant to their behavior.
true
Moral relativism is the view that there are no absolute truths in morality.
true
Occurring earlier than... is a transitive relation.
true
Physicalism is the view that everything in the universe is physical.
true
Princess Elizabeth objected against Descartes that there is a tension between substance dualism and interactionism.
true
Rawls thinks that one should maximize the minimum level of welfare in our society
true
Searle argues that syntax is not enough for semantics.
true
Skepticism about other minds is the view that for all I know, there might not be any other minds.
true
Skepticism about the external world is the view that we can't know whether there are any external objects.
true
The following claim is about semantics: "chien means in French dog."
true