Philosophy Final Exam M01

"Cogito ergo sum" means: Group of answer choices I am a unique and delicate flower My mind is a "cogito" I think, therefore I am Philosophy is wisdom

I think, therefore I am

The new kind of reasoning embraced by the scientific method was: Group of answer choices Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Metaphysical Reasoning Logical Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Res Extensa

The extended thing also known as the extended substance and relates to corporeal things, similar to physical objects.

Metaphysical Dualism

the belief that there are two kinds of reality: material (physical) and immaterial (spiritual) also known as mind and body dualism, suggests that reality has two parts.

Epistemology

the main branch of philosophy concerned with the study/theory of knowledge.

Primary Quality

they are the thing "out there", they are true and objective. Ex: figure, extension, molecular makeup, etc.

Quadrivium

this consists of four topics: music, astronomy, geometry, and arithmetic.

Trivium

this consists of three topics: logic, rhetoric, and grammar.

Skepticism

this is the art of questioning the possibility of certainty due to inadequate evidence.

Secondary Quality

this quality is in our minds, it is what our minds do with the data of perception, organizing it to make sense of it.

Representationalism

this suggests that the main way we access external reality is by viewing representations; this is also known as indirect realism.

Edict of Milan

this was meant to legalize Christianity and other religions. This was done by Constantine.

Which of the following contributed to the spirit of confusion at the outset of modern era? Group of answer choices 1. The discovery of the new world 2. The fragmentation of Christendom 3. Advances in Mathematics 4. The rise of nation states 5. The Industrial Revolution 1, 2, and 4 1, 2, and 5

1, 2, and 4

Medieval Synthesis

A transition from the ancient world to the medieval world.

Descartes' method was seeking: Group of answer choices Reasonable scientific certainty Inductive certainty Absolute certainty Existential certainty Total Doubt

Absolute certainty

The modern discipline of chemistry comes from the late medieval study of: Group of answer choices Metaphysics Epistemology Kabbala Alchemy

Alchemy

A major innovation that led to an explosion of learning in the first universities in the West was the re-introduction: Muslim Platonic thought, which had worked out the religious details of Plato Cynical thought with its emphasis on other-worldly, authentic existence Roman Stoicism Aristotelian natural philosophy, preserved by the Muslims in the East during the West's Dark Ages

Aristotelian natural philosophy, preserved by the Muslims in the East during the West's Dark Ages

This group of philosophers thought of living according to society's standards as "convention and affectation." Neo-platonists Stoics Cynics Epicureans

Cynics

Descartes' waves of doubt include: Group of answer choices Doubt about our existence Doubt of our senses because we could be dreaming Doubt of logic and math because an evil demon could be deceiving us Both doubt of our senses and doubt of logical and math

Both doubt of our senses and doubt of logical and math

The modern scientific method has which kind of variables: Group of answer choices Control Variable Irascible Variable Formal Variable Inductive Variable

Control Variable

Who invented analytic geometry? Group of answer choices Plato Euclid Fermat Descartes

Descartes

"Eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we may die" was a quote from which ancient philosophical movement? Stoicism Epicureanism Neo-platonism Cynicism

Epicureanism

Constantine made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire. True False

False

Descartes' method of doubt comes in 5 waves. Group of answer choices True False

False

The scientific revolution was so successful because it finally gives us certainty. Group of answer choices True False

False

Which of the following "causes" articulated by Aristotle was rejected by the modern scientific revolution: Group of answer choices Formal Causality and Efficient Causality Efficient Causality Material Causality Formal and Final Causality Material Causality and Final Causality

Formal and Final Causality

"Liber" in "liberal" means: Left-wing A lot Free Intellectual

Free

The Trivium involved studying the foundational disciplines of universal thinking. Which of the following was part of the Trivium? Logic Arithmetic Astronomy Philosophy

Logic

Theater of the Mind

Philosophical term denoting the supposed terminus between mind and body.

"Science" was a term applied to the study of the physical world in the mid 1800's . . . It comes directly out of the medieval study of: Group of answer choices Epistemology Metaphysics Philosophy of Nature Alchemy

Philosophy of Nature

The Medieval university was the product of a fusion of Christianity with: Group of answer choices Stoicism and Neoplatonism Cynicism and Natural Philosophy Neo-Platonism and Epicureanism Platonism and Aristotle

Platonism and Aristotle

The purpose of a Medieval university's curriculum was to: Prepare for a job Reinforce Aristocratic hierarchies Establish the scientific understanding of the material world Prepare the mind to understand universal ideas (like Plato's forms)

Prepare the mind to understand universal ideas (like Plato's forms)

The philosophical movement that promoted the idea of acceptance over letting your happiness be determined by temporary emotion and external circumstances over which you don't have control was called: Epicureanism Neo-Platonism Cynicism Stoicism

Stoicism

Which philosophical movement started in Greece but was adopted by the ancient Romans, including several of its emperors? Neo-Platonism Stoicism Epicureanism Cynicism

Stoicism

We tend to think that our senses are the most reliable source of knowledge because they are concrete. Plato and Descartes disagree because the senses are: Group of answer choices Deductive Subjective Too simple Logically fallacious

Subjective

Dualism means: Group of answer choices That the mind and body are unified That there are two kinds of stuff in the universe (such as the mind and the body) That it takes two people to do philosophy properly since it's always a conversation (i.e., dialectical) That I am primarily a mind, because "I think, therefore I am"

That there are two kinds of stuff in the universe (such as the mind and the body)

Res Cogitans

The thinking thing also referred to as a thinking substance and is related to the mind and consciousness.

The so-called "evil-demon" thought experiment primarily targets: Group of answer choices The evidence of the senses (at an individual level) The evidence of the senses (at a general level) Scientific truth The truths of math and logic

The truths of math and logic

"Res Cogitans" is: Group of answer choices Physical stuff (i.e., "extended substance") Thinking stuff (i.e., "thinking substance") Dualistic mental existence Proper cognitive functioning brought about philosophical dialectic

Thinking stuff (i.e., "thinking substance")

The most famous philosopher of the Middle Ages was: Plato Diogenes Thomas Aquinas William of Occam

Thomas Aquinas

The quadrivium included music as a discipline in order to: Give people better taste To develop mathematical thinking skills (to think abstractly) To set people up to get a job as a musician To make people cultured

To develop mathematical thinking skills (to think abstractly)

In the Medieval university, a student only studied theology after completing his or her study of the liberal arts and of philosophy. Group of answer choices True False

True