Philosophy test Christmas
Kants unitversal law (three step test)
1 state the maxim on the basis of which you are planning to act 2 try to formulate your maxim in terms of a universal law -Didn't see the 3rd
Bentham's Hedonic Calculus
Intensity Duration Time Likeliness it happens again Purity Extent
The Euthyphro Dilemma
Is it good because God commands it or does God command it because it is good?
Ruth Benedict
Morals are how people are raised. Socially approved habits
Kants words
Morals must hold true at all times in all circumstances and with no expectations (Pairings hallway pass convo)
Plato's Dialauge Euthyphro
Socrates raises the question of weather god approves of certain actions because these actions are good weather certain actions
Kants Words
The arts will not worthless when people stop caring about it people should treat themselves with respect You should not treat others like a doormat
Aristotles moral virtues
a balance between two extremes illustrated by a chart
Egotism
a personality trait and not an ethical theory
Consequentialism
an ethical system that determines the level of goodness or evil from the effect or result of an act
Hypothetical Imperative
cause and effect of an action
Ethical Objectivists
claim that it is possible for individuals or entire cultures to be mistaken in their moral opinions and practices
Psychological Hedonism
desire to obtain pleasure and avoid pain
Instrumental value
if its desirability is in terms or other ends it achieves
Egoists argument
if people were all egoists life would be better
Kant
insists that emotion cannot be your motive to do good or bad
Arguments for ethical egoism
it is ones personal, selfish happiness that one seeks, earns and derives from love
Bentham's Hedonic Calculus
method to scientifically calculate the values of different pleasures
Ethical Hedonism
morality come from the amount of pleasure or pain it produces
Egoism
people should do whatever they want to do
Ethical hedonism (quantity)
pleasures can differ only in their quantity
Robert Ringer
said Gandhi was selfish. he sacrificed himself because he chose to do it. he is selfish just like us.
Ayn Rand
says people have the following choices If we embrace our selfishness we will flourish Altruism will lead to the distraction of society
Diversity thesis
states that moral beliefs rules and practices differ from society to society
Virtue Ethics
the characteristics of a good person vs actions a "good" person preforms
Absolutism
the claim that moral principles are objective
ethical egoism
the position that people ought always to do only what is an their own self interest
Utilitarianism
the theory that the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people
Divine Command Theory
the theory that the rightness or wrongness of an action is intrinsically related to the fact that God either commands it or forbids it
Psychological egoism
theory that people always act so as to serve their own interests or at least what they believe to be their interests
Ethical Objectivism
there are universal and objectively valid moral principles that are relative neither to the individual nor to society
Intrinsic value
value independent of any benefit to humans
Conventional Ethical Relativism
what is really right or wrong is by society. society cannot be mistaken for their morals
Subjective Ethical relativism
what is right and wring is by each individuals opionion
Categorical imperative
what people ought to do contains no qualifications
