Photosynthesis

How many photons does it take to fully reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8

B. 2

Which complex is not involved in the establishment of conditions for ATP synthesis? A. photosystem I B. ATP synthase C. photosystem II D. cytochrome complex

C. photosystem II

What two main products result from photosynthesis? A. oxygen and carbon dioxide B. chlorophyll and oxygen C. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen D. sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide

C. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen

What are three main stages of the Calvin Cycle?

Carbon Fixation Reduction Regeneration

How many G3Ps does it to take to build a six carbon glucose molecule?

2

What happens in Carbon fixation? Which enzyme catalyzes this?

A CO2 molecule combines with a five carbon acceptor molecule, RuBP This step makes a six-carbon compound that splits into two molecules of 3-PGA This step is catalyzed by Rubisco.

Which of the following structures is not a component of a photosystem? A. ATP synthase B. antenna molecule C. reaction center D. primary electron acceptor

A. ATP synthase

Which of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis? A. chloroplasts B. chlorophyll C. carbon dioxide D. water

A. chloroplasts

In what compartment of the plant cell do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place? A. thylakoid B. stroma C. outer membrane D. mesophyll

A. stroma

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation? A. the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound B. The use of RuBisCo to form 3-PGA C. The production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P D. The formation of RuBP from G3P molecules E. The use of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2

A. the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound

What is the source of electrons for the chloroplast electron transport chain? A. water B. oxygen C. carbon dioxide D. NADPH

A. water

What happens in the reduction stage of the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecule of three carbon sugar, G3P. NADPH reduces a three carbon intermediate to make G3P.

Which of the following explains what happens to oxygen produced by the light-dependent reactions? A. It is used in the Calvin Cycle B. It is released into the atmosphere C. It combines with NADPH to produce water D. It is recycled as a reactant in another light-dependent reaction

B. It is released into the atmosphere

From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly? A. photosystem II B. photosystem I C. cytochrome complex D. ATP synthase

B. photosystem I

Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? A. thylakoids are assembled B. thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes C. the space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma D. thylakoids contain chlorophyll

B. thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes

Which compounds are produced in the light-dependent reactions? A. ADP and NADPH B. ADP and NADP+ C. ATP and NADPH D. ATP and NADP+

C. ATP and NADPH

Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin Cycle take place? A. Thylakoid membrane B. Thylakoid lumen C. chloroplast stroma D. granum

C. chloroplast stroma

What happens in the light independent reactions?

Chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent drive the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. This requires products of the light dependent reactions to function.

Photosynthesis takes place inside which specific organelle?

Chloroplast

The thylakoid membrane becomes damaged, causing the inside of the thylakoid to mix with the stroma. Which of the following processes is likely to be most affected by this damage? A. The reduction of NADP+ to NADPH B. Sunlight absorption by the chloroplasts C. The movement of electrons from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PS1) D. ATP synthesis

D. ATP synthesis

Which molecule most enter the Calvin cycle continually for the light-independent reactions to take place? A. RuBisCO B. RuBP C. 3- PGA D. CO2

D. CO2

Why does chlorophyll look green to the human eye? A. Chlorophyll absorbs green light B. Chlorophyll is green as the result of an optical illusion created by light transmission C. chlorophyll absorbs blue and yellow light, which make green D. Chlorophyll reflects green light

D. Chlorophyll reflects green light

What happens in the light-dependent reactions?

Energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and that energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

What happens in the regeneration stage of the Calvin Cycle? What does this step require?

G3P molecules make glucose while others must be recycled to regenerate the RuBP acceptor. Regeneration requires ATP and involves a complex network of reactions.

Passive diffusion of what from high concentration to low concentration is harnessed to create ATP?

Hydrogen ions

Where is chlorophyll located?

In the thylakoids

What is released after photosynthesis?

It releases oxygen and produces GA3P.

What are the two reactions in photosynthesis?

Light dependent reactions Light Independent reactions (Calvin cycle)

What is the main function of Light dependent reactions?

Light dependent reactions convert solar energy into the chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Mesophyll of the leaf which contains many chloroplasts

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all of what?

Possible frequencies of radiation

What type of waves carry the most energy?

Short, tight

How many turns of the calvin cycle does it take to produce one molecule of glucose?

Six

Photosynthesis requires what three things?

Sunlight, Carbon dioxide, and water

Pigments reflect or transmit what kinds of wavelengths?

The ones they cannot absorb

Stomata are usually located where? Why?

The underside of the leaf. This helps to minimize water loss

What has to happen in order for One G3P to leave the Calvin cycle?

Three CO2 molecules must enter the cycle, providing new atoms of fixed carbon. When three CO2 molecules enter the cycle, six G3P.

Where are thylakoids located?

Within the chloroplasts

The longer the wavelength, the _____ energy is carried.

less

A _________ strikes the antenna pigments of photosystem II to initiate photosynthesis.

photon

The gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs through small, regulated openings called ______________.

stomata