Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic molecules from H2O and CO2.

Heterotrophs

An organism that cannot make its own food. Consumer of the biosphere. Depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2.

Which of the following is NOT produced during fermentation? a. CO2 b. ethyl alcohol c. ATP d. AcetylCoA e. Lactic Acid

d. AcetylCoA

Reduction (Calvin cycle)

-Phase 2 of the Calvin Cycle -ATP & NADPH are used to convert 3-PGA molecules into molecules of G3p (a 3-carbon sugar) NADH donates elections/reduces to make G3P

Which of the following is NOT produced during fermentation? A. Lactic acid B. CO2 C. ATP D. Ethyl alcohol E. Acetyl CoA

E. Acetyl CoA

Which of the following is NOT a virus? A. HIV B. bacteriophage C. herpes D. Epstein-Barr E. None of these answers are correct

E. None of these answers are correct

Photosynthesis is a redox process because...

H20 is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

In aerobic respiration, how many ATPs are produced from complete respiration of one molecule of glucose? a. 36 b. 6 c. 16 d. 46 e. 26

a. 36

Glycolysis takes place in the: a. ER. b. chloroplast. c. mitochondria. d. nucleus. e. cytoplasm.

e. cytoplasm

Which of the following statements is a CORRECT comparison between photosynthesis and respiration? a. Photosynthesis is a metabolic pathway of many reactions whereas respiration occurs in a single step. b. In plants, photosynthesis occurs only during the light whereas respiration occurs only during the dark. c. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants whereas respiration occurs only in animals—not plants. d. Photosynthesis uses a metabolic pathway to make sugars whereas respiration uses the same metabolic pathway to breakdown sugars. e. Photosynthesis is an energy storing process whereas respiration is an energy releasing process.

e. Photosynthesis is an energy storing process whereas respiration is an energy releasing process.

NADPH transports ____________ and __________ from light dependent to light independent photosynthetic reactions. a. photons; carbon dioxide b. water; carbon dioxide c. phosphate group; oxygen d. iron; copper e. hydrogen ions; electrons

e. hydrogen ions; electrons

The citric acid cycle takes place in the ___________________. a. chloroplast b. nucleus c. cytoplasm d. dictyosome e. mitochondria

e. mitochondria

NADPH

electron carrier that provides high-energy electrons for photosynthesis

Respiration occurs only in cells where no photosynthesis is taking place. True or False?

False

chemiosmosis

A process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme. When protons flow across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation takes place.

What is the major product of cellular respiration? A) Energy (ATP) B) Carbon dioxide C) Glucose D) Oxygen

A) Energy (ATP)

An increase in ________ would theoretically increase photosynthesis. A. CO2 B. nitrate C. oxygen D. sulphur dioxide E. carbon monoxide

A. CO2

Select the features possessed by all members of Kingdom Protista. A. Eukaryotic B. Motile C. Photosynthetic D. Unicellular

A. Eukaryotic

The most abundant chlorophyll pigment usually present in plants is A. chlorophyll a. B. chlorophyll b. C. chlorophyll c. D. chlorophyll d. E. chlorophyll e.

A. chlorophyll a.

A red tide is due to the multiplication of A. dinoflagellates. B. diatoms. C. red algae. D. euglenoids.

A. dinoflagellates.

In glycolysis A. glucose is broken down into simpler compounds. B. chlorophyll helps store energy in NADPH molecules. C. water is split into hydrogen ions and oxygen through the energy of light. D. the Krebs cycle produces oxygen. E. ATP molecules are converted to fats.

A. glucose is broken down into simpler compounds.

An increase in ____ would theoretically increase photosynthesis. a. Nitrate b. Sulphur dioxide c. Carbon monoxide d. Oxygen e. CO2

Answer: 3. CO2 An increase in C02 would theoretically increase photosynthesis.

Photosynthetically active pigments _____: a. Absorb all wavelengths of light, including infrared and ultraviolet b. Reflect all wavelengths of visible light except green c. Absorb all wavelengths of visible light d. Transfer chemical energy to light energy e. Absorb specific wavelengths of red and blue light

Answer: e. Absorb specific wavelengths of red and blue light Photosynthetically active pigments absorb specific wavelengths of red and blue light.

CAM photosynthesis occurs mostly in: a. Arctic plants b. Cacti and succulents c. Temperate forest plants d. Tropical rain forest plants e. Aquatic plants

Answer: b. Cacti and succulents CAM Photosynthesis occurs mostly in cacti and succulents.

Which of the following is/are possessed by both bacteria and viruses? A. cellular structure B. DNA or RNA C. a nucleus D. chlorophyll E. flagella for locomotion

B. DNA or RNA

Without a holdfast, many brown algae would be unable to A. perform photosynthesis. B. anchor to a substrate. C. absorb water and nutrients. D. produce pigments.

B. anchor to a substrate.

In a green alga such as Chlamydomonas, which of the following would you NOT expect to find? A. pyrenoids B. chlorophyll f C. eyespot D. starch E. flagella

B. chlorophyll f

In modern classifications of viruses, which of the following is now used initially to separate them into two major groups? A. size B. the DNA or RNA in their cores C. shape D. the nature of the protein coat E. the number of identical structural units in their cores

B. the DNA or RNA in their cores

Describe how are bacteria initially classified

Bacteria can be broken into 2 broad categories based on how they stain using the Gram stain test. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink.

3. The citric acid cycle _________________. A. is the final step of the respiration process B. takes place as a part of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis C. may occur in cells where photosynthesis is also taking place D. takes place primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum E. consists of a breakdown of glucose to a simpler compound

C. may occur in cells where photosynthesis is also taking place

the generalized equation for bothphotosynthesis and respiration

CO2 + H2O + light ↔C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

Oxidation is the A) gaining of electrons. B) sharing of electrons. C) loss of protons. D) loss of electrons. E) loss of water.

D) loss of electrons.

Explain what occurs during the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis and list the principal products of each of the reactions

During the light-dependent reactions, solar energy is used to split water and make ATP and NADPH. Oxygen is released as a waste product. During the light-independent reactions, the ATP and NADPH made during the light-dependent reactions are used to convert CO2 into simple sugars.

The Kingdom Protista is characterized as having ________, making it the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdoms. A. plant-like algae B. animal-like zooplankton C. fungal-like slime molds D. oomycetes E. All of these are found in the Kingdom Protista.

E. All of these are found in the Kingdom Protista.

The citric acid cycle takes place in the ________. A. dictyosome B. chloroplast C. nucleus D. cytoplasm E. mitochondria

E. mitochondria

Some genetic recombination in bacteria occurs as a result of fragments of DNA being carried from one cell to another by viruses. This process is called A. conjugation. B. plasmid synthesis. C. transformation. D. viral busing. E. transduction.

E. transduction.

Explain how organisms in the Domains Bacteria and Archaea are separated.

Organisms in the Domain Bacteria are pathogenic and do not live in extreme environments, while members of the Domain Archaea are nonpathogenic and live in extreme environments, including hot springs, anaerobic condition, and highly saline environments.

Which list gives the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. glucose and oxygen B. carbon dioxide and water. C. NADPH, ATP, and oxygen molecules D. ethanol and carbon dioxide. E. glucose only.

C. NADPH, ATP, and oxygen molecules

Photosynthesis is an example of a/an ________ set of chemical reactions in plants. A. catabolic B. energy releasing reactions in plant cells C. anabolic D. light-releasing E. mitochondrial-based

C. anabolic

A bacillus bacterium would be in the shape of a A. sphere. B. corkscrew. C. rod. D. filamentous chain. E. letter "J"

C. rod.

Autotroph

An organism that produces its own food, CO2 and other inorganic molecules

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place when protons flow across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. This is called: a. phosphorescence b. assimilation. c. chemiosmosis. d. degradation. e. fluorescence.

c. chemiosmosis.

During glycolysis... a. acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetic acid. b. 5-carbon compounds are produced. c. a 2-carbon acetyl fragment is bonded to coenzyme A. d. 2 NADH molecules are produced from each glucose molecule. e. 2 molecules of FADH2 are produced.

d. 2 NADH molecules are produced from each glucose molecule.

The energy "currency" of a cell is? a. NAD+ b. water c. glucose d. FADH2 e. ATP

e. ATP

ADP molecules can become ATP molecules if a phosphate "group" is added to them. True or false?

True

Photosynthesis definition

The process that converts solar energy into chemical energy. Occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists and some prokaryotes. These organisms feed themselves and most of living world.

The energy released from a glucose molecule during fermentation is only a fraction of the energy released during aerobic respiration. True or False?

True

Discuss how viruses differ from bacteria in form and reproduction.

Viruses represent an interface between biochemistry and life. They are unable to carry on independent metabolism. All viruses have a protein coat and they can have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Viruses require a living host in order to reproduce. They express their genes and use the host's cellular machinery to make more virus particles.