Photosynthesis - Bio.
The process represented in this diagram (mitochondria) is...
(1) respiration
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
(4) light energy is converted into the chemical energy of glucose
2 steps of photosynthesis:
1. light dependent reactions 2. light independent reactions (the Calvin Cycle)
Explain how guard cells are involved in maintaining homeostasis in a plant:
Guard cells can alter their shape to open and close the stomates to prevent water loss, the guard cells swell and shrink.
Temperatures above 35 degrees C (or 96 degrees F) slow down the rate of photosynthesis. Explain why this occurs.
The temp. is too hot, the enzymes needed for photosynthesis can get denatured.
cohesion
attractive force between like molecules
adhesion
attractive force between unlike molecules
photosynthesis is a type of ____________ nutrition
autotrophic
inorganic compounds
carbon dioxide CO2 & water H20
veins
contain xylem and phloem - carry food or water to different parts of the plant - TRANSPORT
organic compounds
glucose C6H12O6
stomates
openings in leaves and allows for gas exchange and the exiting of water (transpiration) - EXCRETION
chloroplasts
organelles where photosynthesis takes place - SYNTHESIS & NUTRITION
most photosynthesis occurs in the oceans due to the action of ______________ (algae)
phytoplankton
photosynthesis is performed by _________, _________, some ___________, and _____________
plants algae bacteria euglena
What does an increase in CO2 in the air do to the rate of photosynthesis?
rate increases
guard cells
surround the stomates and control the opening and closing of the stomates - REGULATION
photsynthesis
the process during which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules
During the process of photosynthesis there is a ____________________________. __________ energy is converted & stored as __________________________ on glucose. Photosynthesis provides the ____________ that we obtain when we eat foods!
transfer of energy sunlight chemical bond energy energy
capillary action
upward movement of a liquid through a tube of narrow diameter
cuticle
waxy layer to prevent the plant from losing water - no life process NoN-Living
What term is most likely represented by the "X"?
(1) ATP
Which organism can convert light energy into chemical energy?
(1) alga
Which group of organisms does not depend upon obtaining preformed organic molecules from the environment for nutrition?
(1) algae
Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of...
(1) carbohydrate and oxygen
The process during which energy is released from digested foods is called...
(1) cellular respiration
Energy for use in cells is stored in the form of...
(1) chemical bond energy
What is present within the mitochondrion that allows the reaction to occur?
(1) enzymes
Energy released from the cellular respiration of glucose is...
(1) first stored within ATP
During respiration, the energy within the bonds of a glucose molecule is released in small amounts in a step-by-step, enzyme controlled reaction. In this process the energy released is used to...
(1) synthesize ATP
Which statement best describes one of the events taking place in the chemical reaction represented below?
(2) Energy is being released for metabolic processes.
In the test tube shown, what is produced by the snail that is used by the plant?
(2) carbon dioxide
Which word equation represents the process of photosynthesis?
(2) carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
Some activities that take place in a plant are represented in the diagram below. The arrows in the diagram are associated with a process that directly involves the use of...
(2) chloroplasts, stomates, xylem
Which biological process is the main source of atmospheric oxygen?
(2) photolysis
Light energy is converted into chemical bond energy during the process of...
(2) photosynthesis
Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere results from the process of...
(2) photosynthesis
Over a 24-hour period, which factor would have the least effect upon the rate of photosynthesis in a geranium plant?
(2) quantity of nitrates in the soil
Which process involves the transfer of energy from carbohydrates to ATP molecules?
(2) respiration
Which compound is formed as a common product of the process of photosynthesis?
(2) sugar
The basic inorganic materials used during photosynthesis are...
(3) H2O and CO2
A green plant is kept in a brightly lighted area for 48 hours. What will most likely occur if the light intensity is reduced slightly during the next 48 hours?
(3) The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease.
An inorganic molecule required by green plants for the process of photosynthesis is...
(3) carbon dioxide
Which substances must a green plant obtain from its environment to carry on photosynthesis?
(3) carbon dioxide and water
The presence of which organelles would identify an organism as an autotroph?
(3) chloroplasts
A bean plant is an autotroph because it...
(3) converts inorganic materials into organic nutrients
As a direct result of the life process called respiration in humans,...
(3) energy is released from digested food within the cells
Eating a sweet potato can provide energy for human metabolic processes. What is the original source of this energy?
(3) made available by photosynthesis
If the leaves of a geranium plant receive an adequate supply of raw materials, which graph shows how the rate of photosynthesis is related to increasing light intensity received by the plant?
(3) rate of photosynthesis increases, light intensity increases
During photochemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis, light energy is used primarily to...
(3) split water into hydrogen and oxygen
The basic raw materials of photosynthesis are...
(3) water and carbon dioxide
Which statement most accurately describes the process of respiration?
(4) It occurs continuously in the cells of all organisms and often involves an exchange of gases.
Which activity occurs during the process of photosynthesis?
(4) Light energy is stored as chemical energy in organic molecules.
In a plant cell, the synthesis of sugar compounds from inorganic raw materials occurs in the...
(4) chloroplasts
Which factor LEAST influences the rate of photosynthesis?
(4) concentration of nitrogen in the air
In which process do organisms transfer the chemical bond energy in organic molecules to ATP...
(4) photosynthesis
In most green plants, which wavelengths of light are most effective in the conversion of radiant energy into the chemical energy of organic compounds...
(4) red and blue
light-dependent reactions : energy capture from the sun via chloroplasts
- occurs in the {grana} - needed: light, H2O, enzymes, chlorophyll - produced: O2, ATP, NADPH - light energy from the sun splits {water} molecules to make {oxygen} and energy molecules called {ATP} and {NADPH}. These energy molecules are used to "power up" the making of glucose in the {light-independent reaction/ calvin cycle}
light-independent reactions (calvin cycle): Calvin Cycle for making high energy sugars
- occurs in the {stroma} (liquid portion of chloroplast) - needed: ATP, NADPH, CO2 - produced: glucose (C6H12O6) - the {ATP} and {NADPH} (energy compounds) from stage 1 will help bond molecules of {carbon, hydrogen and oxygen} together to create molecules of {glucose}. The energy in glucose now becomes {chemical bond energy}.
Steps in Energy Transfer:
1. Plants take energy from the sun and makes GLUCOSE. 2. Light energy gets locked into the glucose when it is made - it gets stored in the chemical bonds of glucose. This is called CHEMICAL BOND ENERGY. 3. Animals eat glucose. Glucose diffused into our cells and we make energy (ATP) from this glucose. 4. Releasing the chemical energy stored in food (glucose) is called CELLULAR RESPIRATION. light energy --> chemical bond energy --> ATP
list 5 factors that effect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs:
1. Temperature 2. Light Intensity 3. CO2 4. Water 5. Minerals
chemical equation for photosynthesis
6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (energy)
