Phychology Chapter 1

what are the two things that scientific skepticism include?

1. willing to keep an open-mind to all claims 2. willing to accept claims only after researchers have subjected them to scientific testing

what is a good summary of conformation bias?

seek and ye shall find

since-wave filtered auditory stimulation is carefully designed to encourage maximal orbitofrontal dendritic development is a sign of which pseudoscience?

using fancy scientific words that don't make any sense

stephen Jay Gould argued about religion is that

science and religion are nonoverlapping realms of understanding the world.

psychics who perform poorly in laboratory tests and blame their poor performance on "bad vibes" from skeptical researchers are displaying which sign of pseudoscience?

Ad hoc immunizing hypotheses

correlation vs. causation

Can we be sure that A causes B

Which type of psychologist is most likely to work with patients who have serious mental disorders such as major depression?

Clinical psychologist

a friend says he will not have his new baby inoculated against any childhood diseases because he's afraid the shots will cause autism. You point out that there is no scientific evidence to support that idea. He says he knows that, but he just feels that it's true. What logical fallacy is at work?

Emotional reasoning fallacy

what is an indication of pseudoscience?

Relying on stories of individuals

what is science defined in chapter 1?

a systematic approach to evidence.

of the 3,500 or so self-help books published every year, what percentage are scientifically tested?

about 5%

This new amazing new innovation in research have shown that eye massage result in speeds 10 times faster than average! this is a sign of which pseudoscience?

absence of connectivity to other research

B.F. Skinner was among those who argued that free will is

an illusion

why has evolutionary phychology been criticized?

because its predictions are difficult to falsify

the phrase "don't confuse me with the facts" would BEST describe which self-deception trap?

belief perseverance : (accepting what u believe even though facts prove it wrong)

occam's razor

can it have a simpler explanation fir the data just as well

falsifiability

can the claim be disproven?

replicability

can the results be duplicated in other studies

the "third variable problem" is associated with which scientific thinking principle?

correlation isn't causation

ten-year-old Candace Newmaker died as a result of a pseudoscientific treatment called "rebirthing therapy." This is an example of pseudoscience causing

direct harm

Three simple steps will change ur love life forever is a sign of which pseudoscience?

exaggerated claims

when you are especially prone to find patterns of meaning in meaningless stimuli when they are not..

feeling a sense of control

ruling our rival hypothesis

have important alternative explanation for the findings been excluded

the theoretical framework of psychology known as Structuralism had two major problems. One was that highly trained introspectionists often disagreed on subjective reports. The other was the discovery of?

imageless thought

according to philosopher of science Sir Karl Popper, for a scientific claim to be meaningful, it must be falsifiable, which means

it can be tested to determine if it is false.

fifty studies made by the company all show overwhelming success! this is a sign of which pseudoscience?

lack of review by other scholars

although some scientists say we use almost all our brains, we've found a way to harness additional brain power previously undiscovered is a sign of which pseudoscience?

lack of self-correct when contrary evidence is published

ways of thinking that appear to make intuitive sense but are actually traps that lead to mistaken conclusions are called

logical fallacies.

our brains are predisposed to make order out of disorder and to find sense in nonsense. This can cause us to misperceive the presence of

meaningful patterns

the belief that seeing is believing is an example of what?

naive realism

This women practiced yoga for three weeks, and hasn't had a day of depression since is a sign of which pseudoscience?

overreliance on anecdotes

what is something pseudoscience lack?

safeguards against confirmation bias and belief perseverance.

what term was used to describe john lock's idea of the newborn to a sheet of white paper?

tabula rasa

our NEW program is proven to REDUCE social anxiety by 50%!! is a sign of which pseudoscience?

talk of "proof" instead of "evidence"