Physical Education: Category II. Content Area 5091 Content Management, Motivation, and Communication
Which of the following strategies best motivates students to create a physical activity plan that they will continue to use during summer vacation? A.Allowing students to choose summer activities that they enjoy to add to their plan B.Assigning a different sport or activity for each week of summer vacation C.Developing a daily schedule for the students to follow throughout the summer D.Encouraging students to sign a pledge that states they will stay active over summer vacation
A. Allowing students to choose summer activities that they enjoy to add to their plan Option (A) is correct. When individuals are able to choose the activities they are to participate in, those activities will likely have more individual meaning and the person will continue to participate in those activities on a long-term basis.
A middle school physical education teacher introduces a new skill during an adventure education unit that will take most students outside of their comfort zones. Which of the following strategies best uses a concept of sociology to encourage students to engage in the activity? A.Assigning students to predetermined groups in which they have already formed relationships B.Inspiring students to practice independent of others in their own space to gain confidence C.Modeling the new skill for the group and allowing volunteers to demonstrate as needed D.Permitting students to opt out of the new skill and advising them to repeat a more familiar one
A. Assigning students to predetermined groups in which they have already formed relationships Option (A) is correct. In this scenario, students who feel comfortable with each other and can lean on each for support will be more apt to not only engage in the activity but be determined to successfully complete the activity as a team. Some adventure activities involve risk, and students who are outside of their comfort zone will perform better in a predetermined group before moving on to groups where they do not know the others in the group as well.
Which of the following actions best represents a corrective classroom management approach? A.Establishing clear consequences that are appropriate for specific misbehaviors B.Consistently reminding students of the classroom rules C.Collaborating with students to construct a social contract D.Facilitating role-play scenarios that support positive interaction
A. Establishing clear consequences that are appropriate for specific misbehaviors Option (A) is correct. A corrective approach to classroom management utilizes appropriate consequences to redirect inappropriate behavior.
A high school physical education teacher notices that a student is reluctant to participate in team sport activities. Which of the following instructional strategies can best encourage the student to participate? A.Helping the student see the value of his or her role B.Providing positive verbal feedback to the student C.Explaining to the class that everyone is expected to participate D.Creating healthy competition between students
A. Helping the student see the value of his or her role Option (A) is correct. If the teacher can help the student understand how social factors affect the team, the student will be more likely to participate.
Which of the following instructional practices best manages space in a physical education teaching area to achieve equitable learning opportunities and increased time on-task? A.Moving through the gymnasium to visually monitor students and provide feedback B.Having all students retrieve equipment for the lesson at one time from a central location C.Teaching different skills to small groups so all students have equipment to practice D.Working directly with small groups of students who have the most difficulty remaining on task
A. Moving through the gymnasium to visually monitor students and provide feedback Option (A) is correct. By moving through the gymnasium the teacher is able to monitor the students' practice time and provide effective redirection or reteaching as necessary. The students will have less opportunity to become off-task or to practice a skill inappropriately.
Which of the following outcomes is a primary reason for using affective statements when communicating with students? A.Promoting respect between the teacher and the students B.Creating confidence so that the students trust the teacher C.Emphasizing privacy regarding what students share D.Increasing motivation for students to participate
A. Promoting respect between the teacher and the students Option (A) is correct. The use of affective statements by the teacher promotes respectful interactions in the classroom. Affective statements are personal expressions of feelings in response to behaviors so that students understand how their behavior is affecting themselves and others.
When developing an effective behavior-management plan, a physical education teacher is most likely to put the greatest emphasis on which of the following strategies? A.Providing specific positive feedback to students for displaying acceptable behaviors B.Using token reinforcers as tangible rewards for appropriate student behavior C.Offering verbal praise with statements such as "good job" or "excellent performance" D.Giving public corrective feedback to students who display negative behaviors in class
A. Providing specific positive feedback to students for displaying acceptable behaviors Option (A) is correct. The foundation for improving student behavior is reinforcing acceptable behavior by providing specific, positive feedback to the student so that he or she will have a clear understanding of expectations.
By actively participating in physical education and having positive experiences in class activities, students can most likely improve which of the following? A.Self-worth B.Motivation C.Attention span D.Interpersonal communication
A. Self-worth Option (A) is correct. Any successful experiences in physical education class activities can help increase a sense of self-worth and contribute to positive personal attributes.
Which of the following statements provides a struggling student with the most effective corrective feedback on gripping a softball bat? A."Make sure to grip the bat correctly." B."Get a firm grip on the bat and keep both hands together." C."Keep an eye on the ball when you attempt to swing the bat." D."You are still making mistakes; grip the bat more firmly."
B. "Get a firm grip on the bat and keep both hands together." Option (B) is correct. This statement provides specific feedback and instruction for improving the grip on the bat and contains no extra information that can confuse or upset the student.
Which of the following practices best ensures maximum student participation during activities in a basketball unit? A.Using the classroom roster to set up two large, randomly assigned teams to play full court B.Designating courts for most- to least-competitive play and allowing students to place themselves accordingly C.Separating the class into male and female teams to ensure students are matched according to their ability level D.Designating captains to choose team members and initiate warm-up drills prior to game play
B. Designating courts for most- to least-competitive play and allowing students to place themselves accordingly Option (B) is correct. When students are given the opportunity to place themselves in groups according to their perception of ability and competitive nature, they will most likely be more engaged in the activity.
Which of the following approaches will most effectively increase students' intrinsic motivation? A.Assigning students easily attainable tasks B.Fostering a mastery-oriented learning environment C.Giving students a specific number of attempts to complete a task D.Grouping students based on similar ability levels
B. Fostering a mastery-oriented learning environment Option (B) is correct. Task mastery emphasizes student accomplishment and is used in physical education to increase students' intrinsic motivation. Matching activities to students' abilities, the teacher provides students with increasingly difficult tasks; students receive positive reinforcement upon successfully completing each task.
Which of the following strategies is most likely to help a teacher in the maintenance and the usage of an effective behavior management plan? A.Incorporating a behavior incentive program that allows students to accumulates points for prizes B.Prompting students by modeling the desired behavior C.Rewarding students with free playtime during class for good behavior D.Allowing students to share their opinions about the behavior of others in class
B. Prompting students by modeling the desired behavior Option (B) is correct. Prompts are used to remind students to perform desired behavior and encourage the development of new patterns of behavior. A teacher can also use modeling by performing the behavior desired, with the expectation that students respond in similar fashion.
An elementary physical education teacher is providing feedback for students who are having trouble kicking a playground ball. Which of the following feedback strategies provides the most benefit for student learning? A.Encouraging students when they complete a successful kick B.Providing students with specific correctional cues for kicking C.Reteaching the steps needed to complete a proper kick D.Reminding students the goal for the activity is to successfully learn to kick a ball
B. Providing students with specific correctional cues for kicking Option (B) is correct. The teacher should use specific instructional cues to draw attention to key points of the activity to provide effective feedback for the student.
Because of scheduling issues, a high school physical education class has increased to 45 students. The teacher is concerned that each student will not have enough time to actively participate in all of the activities offered in class. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for the teacher to implement to provide the best possible instruction? A.Using short, whole-group skill sessions and drill sessions that lead into game play more quickly B.Setting up a series of stations focusing on different tasks so that a group that has mastered an objective can move onto the next skill C.Asking the students to bring in their own equipment from home to ensure that there is enough equipment for each student D.Separating the students into groups by skill level and gender to ensure the safety of all students
B. Setting up a series of stations focusing on different tasks so that a group that has mastered an objective can move onto the next skill Option (B) is correct. Physical education teachers are commonly faced with large class sizes that decrease student time spent in activity during class. Teaching methods and strategies that utilize station work focusing on different tasks can help minimize some of the challenges that may be typical with large class sizes and allow students more time to practice learned skills and progress at an individual pace.
A physical education teacher varies equipment choices during a volleyball unit by using beach balls and balloons in addition to volleyballs. By varying the equipment during the unit, the teacher demonstrates the ability to A.increase student interest in the unit B.create equitable learning opportunities C.promote lifelong active lifestyles D.emphasize sportsmanship
B. create equitable learning opportunities Option (B) is correct. Allowing the use of various pieces of equipment during the same lesson or unit gives each student an equitable learning opportunity and chance for success by participating at his or her particular skill level.
Which of the following characteristics of communication is the most important for a physical education teacher to consider when giving verbal instructions to a class? A.Creating eye contact B.Checking for understanding C.Enunciating in clear language D.Gesturing for emphasis
C. Enunciating in clear language Option (C) is correct. A teacher speaking to a class should use clear, consistent language so that the students understand what the teacher is saying. Therefore it is most important for the teacher to clearly enunciate when speaking.
When a teacher develops a plan to change a student's behavior, which of the following is the best first step? A.Selecting various behaviors to monitor and then reflecting on student progress B.Posting a list of undesirable behaviors and their consequences in the classroom C.Identifying a single behavior that needs to be changed, improved, or strengthened D.Lecturing the entire class about improving undesirable behaviors
C. Identifying a single behavior that needs to be changed, improved, or strengthened Option (C) is correct. When a teacher attempts to change a student's behavior permanently, it is best for the teacher to be patient and choose a single behavior at a time to address.
A physical education teacher gives a student individual feedback at a station and also monitors the performance of other students in the gymnasium. Which of the following classroom management techniques proposed by Jacob Kounin is the teacher most likely using? A.Ripple effect B.Withitness C.Overlapping D.Momentum
C. Overlapping Option (C) is correct. Overlapping is the process of attending to two or more events at the same time.
Which of the following accommodations is most appropriate for a student with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHDA) during warm-up stretches? A.Allowing the student to walk around the perimeter of the gym while the rest of the class stretches B.Establishing verbal cues to redirect the student if it appears the student is not being fully attentive C.Placing the student in the front row and next to a student who is a good role model D.Having the student stand next to the teacher and help lead the warm-up routine
C. Placing the student in the front row and next to a student who is a good role model Option (C) is correct. Placement in the front row reduces the number of students visible for distractions, and placement next to a student who is a good role model gives the student with ADHDA D H D someone to mirror. This placement allows full participation in the stretching activity for the betterment of the student.
A physical education teacher notices that several students are struggling to achieve success during practice of a newly learned skill. Which of the following strategies is most effective for the teacher to use to increase students' success rates? A.Selecting a highly skilled student to perform the skill in front of the class B.Allowing students to ask the teacher questions at the end of the demonstration C.Preparing task sheets to hand out to the class covering the day's activity D.Encouraging students to continue to practice the skill at home
C. Preparing task sheets to hand out to the class covering the day's activity Option (C) is correct. Task sheets list skill progression from simple to complex and allow students to work at their own pace so that even the lowest skilled in class can accomplish at least a few of the tasks. They also provide a reference for students to consult while they practice a newly learned skill.
A physical education teacher wants to minimize the off-task and distracting behaviors that a student displays during activities. Which of the following strategies best encourages the student to take responsibility for his or her actions? A.Requiring the student to sit out of class for five minutes each time he or she displays disruptive behavior B.Giving the student a reward when he or she displays appropriate behavior for a predetermined length of time C.Redirecting the student with explicit instructions when his or her behavior is inappropriate for class D.Moving the student to a different task when his or her behavior attracts negative attention from peers
C. Redirecting the student with explicit instructions when his or her behavior is inappropriate for class Option (C) is correct. Redirecting the student from inappropriate behavior with specific, positive feedback ensures the student returns to on task behavior quickly and encourages the student to take ownership of his or her actions.
Which of the following best illustrates an appropriate method of teaching students how to communicate respectfully with their peers during physical education class? A.Posting written rules throughout the gymnasium instructing students to refrain from put-downs B.Teaching noncompetitive activities for the majority of the semester C.Requiring students to use positive language toward one another D.Monitoring students in the locker room to avoid inappropriate behavior
C. Requiring students to use positive language toward one another Option (C) is correct. The physical education teacher must ensure that students communicate with one another in a positive and safe manner. Posting rules, eliminating competition from the curriculum, and only monitoring students when in the locker room are insufficient and do not actively encourage students to respect one another.
Which of the following strategies best promotes responsible behavior among students in a physical education environment? A.Using teacher-centered learning strategies B.Implementing short-term fixes to obtain desired behavior outcomes C.Modeling behavior expected of students D.Overpraising students for doing what is expected
C.Modeling behavior expected of students Option (C) is correct. Students respond to a teacher's modeling behavior. Treating students with respect and following through with responsible action and words create an environment for students to do the same with one another.
A physical education teacher has different skill stations set up around the gymnasium. The teacher notices a group of students at one of the stations are off-task and moves closer to that group to try to get them back on task. Which of the following categories of nonverbal communication is the teacher using? A.Haptics B.Kinesics C.Proxemics D.Intonation
C.Proxemics Option (C) is correct. Proxemics is a nonverbal form of communication using space. The teacher is likely to stop the students' current behavior by standing closer to the off-task group.
A high school physical education teacher notices a student having difficulty moving the basketball forward and backward during a figure-eight dribbling drill. Which of the following statements can the teacher make to provide the student the most specific instructional feedback? A."Keep your head up when dribbling, and allow your hands to feel the ball as it moves." B."Try using a bounce pass to pass the ball to a teammate so you can learn the feel of a correct dribble." C."Dribble with less force while spreading your fingers wide and using your palm to push the ball down." D."Practice moving the ball from your right hand to left hand. Once you feel comfortable, move the ball through your legs while keeping a wide stance."
D. "Practice moving the ball from your right hand to left hand. Once you feel comfortable, move the ball through your legs while keeping a wide stance." Option (D) is correct. The teacher provides the student with specific instructional feedback related to proper skill performance of the figure-eight dribbling drill, which allows students to practice their ball-handling skills. To execute correct form, the student should bend over slightly and stand with the knees about shoulder-width apart. The student should pass the ball between the legs in a figure-eight motion from the right hand to the left hand. The student should then swing the ball to the front, then pass it from the left hand back to the right hand through the legs.
During a softball lesson, the physical education teacher encounters two students arguing over a piece of equipment. Which of the following strategies best encourages the students to use appropriate social behaviors to resolve the conflict? A.Placing both students in time-out for the remainder of the lesson B.Removing the piece of equipment to avoid further disruption C.Encouraging the student who started the conflict to apologize D.Asking both students to describe how they are feeling
D. Asking both students to describe how they are feeling Option (D) is correct. During a conflict, describing feelings that their peers can understand can help students develop empathy. By expressing emotions, students develop positive social behaviors and begin to learn how to resolve conflict productively.
To most effectively use posters as a tool for classroom management and instruction, a physical education teacher should do which of the following? A.Display posters that depict all sport activities that will be taught during the year. B.Select posters that contain minimal use of color to minimize potential distractions. C.Use posters that include information from other content areas to maximize learning. D.Include posters with pictures of student-identified role models across a range of activities.
D. Include posters with pictures of student-identified role models across a range of activities. Option (D) is correct. Using posters with pictures of roles models that students identify across a range of activities can be inspirational and motivating to students. Wall displays and posters should be vibrant, colorful, topical, and updated regularly.
A middle school physical education teacher plans a new unit and creates goals and expectations for students. Which of the following best establishes clear communication of the student goals and expectations? A.E-mailing students' parents to explain the unit's goals and expectations B.Handing out a rubric for the unit and reviewing objectives with the students C.Discussing the unit informally with students to engage them before beginning work D.Posting daily objectives in the classroom and reviewing them with the students
D. Posting daily objectives in the classroom and reviewing them with the students Option (D) is correct. By posting objectives in the classroom and reviewing them with students, the teacher has chosen the best way to communicate the daily goals and expectations.
A physical education teacher is introducing a new skill and providing directions to first-grade students who continue to talk and ignore the explanation. Which of the following will best help the teacher to manage the situation and get the students back on task? A.Separating the class into four different groups and giving each group a re-explanation B.Informing the students that they will have to run laps if they continue to talk C.Ignoring the students' behavior until it stops completely and continuing with the explanation D.Ringing a bell to signal to students that they need to stop what they are doing and focus on the teacher
D. Ringing a bell to signal to students that they need to stop what they are doing and focus on the teacher Option (D) is correct. Novelty items such as a bell, whistle, or wind chime tend to successfully capture young students' attention and shift focus back to the teacher.
When working with students identified as English Learners (ELsE L s), which of the following strategies most effectively communicates instructional information in physical education class? A.Providing written prompts to check for students' understanding of instructions B.Speaking in a louder voice to help students understand instructions C.Printing instructions for station activities on task cards using large print D.Using gestures and demonstrations to give instruction for new tasks
D. Using gestures and demonstrations to give instruction for new tasks Option (D) is correct. By using gestures and demonstrations with ELE L students, the teacher is supplementing a verbal description of a task with cues to help the students better understand.
