Physical Education chp 1,2,3,and 4
RICE
Acronym for rest,ice,compression, and elevation;a method of treating common exercise injuries.
ATP
Adenosine triphosate;the cellular form of energy.
The principles of fitness
Overload,progression,specificity,reversibility,individuality,rest and recovery and over training.
Heat stroke
a core body temperature above 104 f headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse,cessation of sweating,and disorientation resulting from extreme exertion in very hot conditions.
FITT Formula
a formula for designing a safe and effective program that specifies frequency ,intensity,time and type of exercise.
Hemoglobin
a four part globular,iron containing protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells.
Progression
a gradual increase in a training program's intensity,frequency,and or time.
Talk test
a method of measuring exercise intensity based on assessing your ability to speak during exercise.
Creatine phosphate
a molecule that is stored in muscle cells and used in the immediately energy system to donate a phosphate to make ATP.
Physical Fitness
a set of attributes that relate to ones ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without undue fatigue.
Homeostasis
a stable,constant internal enviroment
Perceived exertion
a subjective assessment of intensity.
Interval workout
a workout that alternates periods of higher -intensity exercise with periods of lower-intensity exercise or rest .
Circuit-training workout
a workout where exercisers move from one exercise station to another after a certain number of repetitions or amount time.
What individual factors should be considered when designing a fitness program?
age,weight,current fitness level,disabilities,special health concerns.
Skill-related components of fitness
agility,balance,coordination,power,speed,reaction time
Heat exhaustion
an elevated core body temperature,headache,fatigue, profuse,sweating,nausea, and clammy skin brought on by sustained exertion in the heat with dehydration and electrolyte losses.
Lactic acid
an end product of the nonoxidative breakdown of glucose that can increase acidity in muscles and the blood and cause muscular fatigue.
Physical Activity
any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in an expenditure of energy.
Pulmonary circulation
blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back.
Systemic circulation
blood circulation from the heart to the rest of the body and back.
Diastolic blood pressure
blood pressure during the diastole phase of the heart cycle.
Systolic blood pressure
blood pressure during the systole phase of the heart cycle.
Body Composistion
body composition refers to the relative amounts of fat and lean tissue in your body;lean tissue consists of muscle ,bone,organs,and fluids .
The Five health-related components of physical fitness
cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength,muscular endurance,flexibility,and body composistion
Mitochondria
cellular strucures where oxidative energy production takes place.
Skill-related components of fitness
components of physical fitness that have a relationship with enhanced motor skills and performance in sports .
Health-related components of physical fitness
components of physical fitness that have a relationship with good health.
Aerobic
dependent on oxygen
Over-training
excessive volume and intensity of physical training leading to diminished health,fitness,and performance.
Flexibilty
flexibility is the ability to move your joints in a full range of motion;
Principles of fitness
general principles of exercise adaptation that guide fitness programming .
Arteries
high -pressure blood away from the heart to the lungs or cells.
Cardiorespiratory endurance
is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to provide oxygen to working muscles during sustained exercise; achieving adequate cardiorespiratory endurance decreases your risk of diabetes,heart disease,obesity.
muscular strength
is the ability of your muscles to exert force; improved muscular strength decreases your risk of low bone density and musculosketal injuries.
Veins
low-pressure blood vessels that carry blood from the cells or lungs back to the heart.
Ventricles
lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the rest of the body.
Muscular endurance
muscular endurance is the ability of your muscles to contract repeatedly over time.
Barriers to physical activity
personal or environmental issues that hinder your participation in regular physical activity.
Exercise
physical activity that is planned or structured , done to improve or maintain one or more of the components of fitness.
Three primary levels of physical activity
physical fitness,physical activity,exercise
Individuality
refers to the variable nature of physical activity dose-response or adaptation in different persons.
Internal exercise rewards
rewards for exercise that are based upon how one is feeling physically and mentally(sense of accomplishment,relaxation, increased self-esteem.
External exercise rewards
rewards fro exercise that come from outside of a person(trophy,compliment,day at the spa.
Heat cramps
severe cramping in the large muscle groups and abdomen caused by high fluid and electrolyte loss in sustained exertion in the heat.
Overload
subjecting the body or body system to more physical activity than it is accustomed to .
Rest and Recovery
taking a short time off from physical activities to allow the body to recuperate and improve.
Cardiorespiratory fitness
the ability of your cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to large muscle groups in order to sustain dynamic activity.
Speed
the ability to perform a movement in a short period of time .
Power
the ability to perform work or contact muscles with high force quickly.
Agility
the ability to rapidly change the position of your body with speed and accuracy.
Coordination
the ability to use both your senses and your body to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately.
Aorta
the artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Pulmonary artery
the artery that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Cardiovascular system
the body system responsible for the delivery of carbon dixoide and other wastes back to the heart and lungs.
Respiratory system
the body system responsible for the exchange of gases between the body and the air.
Systole
the contraction phase of the heart cycle.
Cool-down
the ending phase of a workout where the body is brought gradually back to rest.
Respiration
the exchange of gases in the lungs or in the tissues.
Warm-up
the initial 5-to 20 minute preparation phase of a workout.
Balance
the maintenance of equilibrium while you are stationary or moving.
Heart rate
the number of beats of the heart in one minute.
Cross- training
the practice of using different exercise modes or types in your cardiorespiratory training program
Blood pressure
the pressure that blood in the arteries eerts on the arterial walls.
Specificity
the principle that only the body systems worked during training will show adaptations.
Reversibility
the principle that training adaptations will revert toward initial levels when training is stopped;this is the use it or lose it principle.
Diastole
the relaxation phase of the heart cycle.
Reaction time
the time between a stimulus and the initiation of your physical reaction to that stimulus.
Stroke volume
the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one heartbeat;expressed in liters or milliliters per beat.
Cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected from the heart in one minute;expressed in liters or milliliters per minute .
Plasma
the yellow colored fluid portion of blood that contains water ,proteins,hormones,ions, energy sources, and blood gases.
Atria
upper chambers of the heart that pump blood from the rest of the body.
Anaerobic
without oxygen.