Physical Science: 3rd Quarter Exam

The charge on a proton is:

+1e

The letter "e" represents the elementary charge. In normal matter, the charge that wouldn't be found is:

+2.5e

The temperature at which water molecules have the least amount of thermal energy is:

-273 K

The mass of an electron is about:

1,800 times lighter than a proton

A change of 100C is equal to a change on the Kelvin scale of:

100

The number of degrees between the freezing point and the boiling point of water on Celsius scale is:

100

At which of the following temperatures would thermal energy be lowest? a. 100C b.10K c. 100F

100F

At 20C, the density of copper is 8.9g/cm3. If a section of copper pipe displaces 285 milliliters of water when dropped in a displacement tank, what is the mass of the pipe?

2537g

A Kelvin temperature equivalent to 25C is:

298 K

The Celsius temperature equal to 86F is:

30C

The density of a 14g cube of wood measuring 3cm on an edge is:

4.7g/cm3

A common isotope of Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons are in an atom of this isotope?

7

Condensation occurs when:

A gas changes to a liquid

Evaporation occurs when:

A liquid changes to a gas

What s true about atoms?

All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons and protons, but may have different numbers of neutrons.

A compound: a. is made of more than one kind of element b. can't be separated by physical means c. is classified as a substance d. all of the above

All of the above

The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the elements is a(n):

Atom

The "building blocks" of matter are:

Atoms and molecules

The irregular, jerky motion of dust particles in water that may be observed under a microscope was named in honor of:

Botanist Robert Brown

A substance made of two or more elements that can't be separated by physical means is called a:

Compound

One of the following is correctly termed a substance, and the others are mixers. The substance is: a. milk b. copper c. granite d. chicken noodle soup

Copper

Examples of crystalline solids include all of the following except: a. metals b. salts c. minerals d. glass

D. glass

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

Different samples may not be exactly alike

The property that gives objects the ability to bounce:

Elasticity

Electrons are bound to the nucleus by:

Electromagnetic force

British physicist J. J. Thomson was the first to identify the:

Electron

An atom contains __ in various energy levels.

Electrons

The proton's MASS NUMBER is equal and opposite to the electron's.

F, charge

T/F: The smallest quantity of electric charge that can be found in ordinary matter is represented by the letter C.

F, e

T/F: The tiny core of an atom containing most of the mass of the atom is the NEUTRON.

F, nucleus

T/F: Two negative charges will ATTRACT one another.

F, repel

T/F: The strongest force in the universe is GRAVITY.

F, strong nuclear force

Electrons with higher energy are located:

Farther from the nucleus of the atom

Evaporation cools you when you sweat because:

Heat energy from your skin is carried away by escaping molecules

The name for a mixture in which all samples are made up of the same proportions of matter is:

Homogeneous

The movement of pollen molecules in water called Brownian motion is caused by:

Impact of individual water molecules with the pollen grains

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called:

Isotopes

All of the following are units used to measure density except:

Kg/N

The p property of gold which would make it most useful in the creation of jewelry is:

Malleability

The density of a solid material depends on two things: how closely atoms or molecules are packed and:

Mass of individual atoms or molecules

The mass of an atom is determined mainly by the:

Mass of the neutrons and protons

The term used to describe anything that haas mass and takes up space:

Matter

Examples of amorphous solids include all of the following except: a. metals b. glass c. wax d. rubber

Metals

There are many different ways to classify matter, but one way is to use only two categories for all matter. All matter can be classified as either:

Mixtures or substances

An atom absorbs energy as its electrons:

Move from a low energy level to a high energy level

Compared to protons, electrons have:

Much smaller mass and opposite charge

Many models have been developed to explain the nature of atoms. The model that helped scientists to understand energy levels of atoms was developed by:

Niels Bohr

Protons and neutrons are found grouped together in the:

Nucleus

The phase of matter represented in a flash of lightning is:

Plasma

The phase of matter which occurs at temperatures in excess of 10,000C is:

Plasma

Which phase of matter is the most common in the universe?

Plasma

The __ is one kind of particle that makes up the atom and carries a positive charge

Proton

All of the following phases of matter may flow except:

Solid

In general, the most dense phase of matter on Earth is:

Solid

Intermolecular forces are strongest between molecules of a:

Solid

The phase of matter most likely to be present at absolute zero would be:

Solid

List the phases of water in order, from the phase with the slowest molecular movement to the phase with the fastest molecular movement.

Solid Liquid Gas

List the four forces found within atoms and rank them in order of decreasing strength.

Strong nuclear force Electromagnetic force Weak force Gravity

The process during which a substance changes from a solid directly to a gas without becoming a liquid is known as:

Sublimation

T/F: The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the MASS NUMBER.

T

A measure of how much pulling, or tension, a material can withstand before breaking is:

Tensile strength

The graph below shows data collected as stearic acid underwent a phase change from solid to liquid. Why did the temperature change very little between minutes 5 and 8?

The heat applied to the stearic acid was used to overcome the forces holding the molecules together in the solid phase, rather than to increase the temperature.

Why don't all electrons in an atom fall to the lowest energy level?

The lowest energy level can only hold 2 electrons.

When Ernest Rutherford directed helium ions at gold foil, some of the helium ions bounced back in the direction they came from, rather than passing through. What was his explanation of this unexpected result?

The mass of the gold atom is concentrated in a tiny, dense core.

Atomic number:

The number of protons in an atom

Atoms of the same element may contain:

The same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by:

The strong nuclear force

The upper limit for temperature is:

Undetermined

The physical property that makes ketchup difficult to pour is its:

Viscosity

Solids retain their shape and size, if kept at a constant temperature and pressure. At a constant temperature and pressure, liquids retain their:

Volume

The charge on a complete atom is equal to:

Zero

Of the following statements, the one which is always true is: a. All litium atoms contain the same number of protons b. All litium atoms contain the same number of neutrons c. All litium atoms have the same mass d. The sum of protons plus neutrons is the sam in all lithium atoms

a. All litium atoms contain the same number of protons

Which one of the following is a true statement? a. In the gas state, molecules move around freely. b. Liquids don't change shape easily. c. Gas molecules move more slowly as they are heated. d. Plasma is the most common state of matter found on earth.

a. In the gas state, molecules move around more freely.

Which diagram represents the motion of charged particles? a. +> <+ b. -> <- c. +> <- d. -> <+

c. +> <- d. -> <+

Which of the following statements about two isotopes of the same element is false? a. The number of neutrons may be different between two isotopes b. One isotope might be radioactive while the other isotope might be stable c. One isotope might have a larger mass than the other isotope d. The number of protons might be different between the two isotopes

d. The number of protons might be different between the two isotopes

Density is the ratio:

mass divided by volume

The physical property of matter upon which the operation of all thermometers depends is:

thermal energy