Physical Science Chapter 1

Physical scientists aim to make sense out of ____________. A. human behavior B. living organisms C. the physical environment

c. the physical environment

Using metric prefixes, if a meter were divided into 100 equal-sized subunits, a single unit would be called a ___________.

centimeter

Using metric prefixes, if a meter were divided into 100 equal-sized subunits, a single unit would be called a ____________.

centimeter

Using metric prefixes, if a meter were divided into 100 equal-sized subunits, a single unit would be called a _______________.

centimeter

How you consider time is an example of your ___________ of an intangible idea.

concept

Measurement information used to describe objects or processes is called ________________.

data

A(n) ______________ is a re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis.

experiment

True or false: The International System of Units (SI) is a system of measurement developed by the United Nations.

false

The measure of the force of gravity on an object is its _______________.

Weight

Which of the following would qualify as phenomena a physical scientists would study? (Mark all that apply) - A moving automobile - The Sun - A glass of water - A monkey

- a moving automobile - The Sun - A glass of water

Equations are used to ____________. (Mark all that apply) - describe how quantities change relative to each other. - describe a property. - define a concept. - reveal a relationship between two numbers that is obtained when one number is divided by another number.

- describe how quantities change relative to each other. - describe a property. - define a concept.

One cubic centimeter has a _____________. (Choose all that apply) - mass of one gram - mass of 10 grams - volume of 10 milliliters - volume of 1 milliliter

- mass of one gram - volume of 1 milliliter

What three separate activities seem to be common to scientist in different fields as they conduct scientific investigations? A. Choosing a favorite explanation B. Testing explanations C. Collecting observations D. Developing explanations E. Developing mathematical equations

- testing explanations - collecting observations - developing explanations

What is the International System of Units (SI)? A. A modernized version of the metric system. B. A system of measurement developed by the United Nations. C. An ancient system of measurements developed by the Greeks.

A. a modernized version of the metric system

An experimental situation used as the basis of comparison is the.... A. control group B. experimental group C. hypothetical group D. group of variables where changes will occur.

A. control group

Measurement information used to describe objects, conditions, events, or changes that might be occurring is called _______________. A. data B. volumes C. weights

A. data

If you wanted to convey information regarding weather and temperature in a way that everyone could understand, which measurement would you most likely use? A. degrees B. centimeters C. pressure values D. watts

A. degrees

A scientific investigation provides understanding through _____________, while ancient natural philosophers achieved understanding through ____________. A. experimental evidence; reasoning B. experimental evidence; supernatural wisdom C. reasoning; experimental evidence

A. experimental evidence; reasoning

Which of the following are the steps in the measurement process ? (Select all that apply). A. following a procedure of operation that specifies how the comparison is made. B. comparing your units of measurement to another person's same units of measurement. C. comparing the referent unit to the property being described D. counting how many standard units describe the property being considered

A. following a procedure of operation that specifies how the comparison is made C. comparing the referent unit to the property being described D. counting how many standard units describe the property being considered.

Weight is the measure of the force of __________ on an object. A. gravity B. inertia

A. gravity

A tentative thought or experiment derived explanation is known as a(n)..... A. hypothesis B. scientific law C. scientific theory D. model

A. hypothesis

The _____________ of an object is a measure of the inertia of the object. A. mass B. weight C. volume

A. mass

People in the distant past who sought understanding of the world around them through observation, thought, writing, and reasoning are referred to as _______________. A. natural philosophers B. experimental scientists C. elemental physicists

A. natural philosophers

How could you measure the surface area of a cube? A. one would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six. B. one would multiply length, width, and height of the cube. C. one would weigh the cube and multiply the weight by the height of the cube.

A. one would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six.

The meter is subdivided into 10 equal-sized subunits called decimeters because deci- stands for "______________". A. one-tenth of B. ten C. one-hundredth of

A. one-tenth of

The most recently developed scientific theory is the... A. plate tectonic theory B. atomic theory C. theory about the nature of light D. theory of evolution

A. plate tectonic theory

Fundamental properties are _______________. A. properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms B. properties that are made up of multiple measurements C. the first properties to have been given units by the Greeks.

A. properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms

What is the standard unit for time? A. second B. day C. minute

A. second

What is the standard unit for time? A. second B. minute C. day

A. second

Which of the following is not a fundamental property? A. volume B. length C. mass

A. volume

How could you measure the surface area of a cube? A. One would weigh the cube and multiply the weight by the height of the cube B. One would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six C. One would multiply length, width, and height of the cube

B. One would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six

A globe of the earth is found in most classrooms. The globe is... A. a visual hypothesis B. a model C. an experiment D. a constant

B. a model

A ratio is ________________. A. a measurement describing how much space something occupies. B. a relationship between two numbers that is obtained when one number is divided by another number. C. measurement information used to describe something.

B. a relationship between two numbers that is obtained when one number is divided by another number.

The ______________ of an object is a measure of the inertia of the object. A. weight B. mass C. volume

B. mass

Quantities are _________________. A. symbols used in equations B. measured properties C. standard units of time

B. measured properties

Fundamental properties are _______________. A. the first properties to have been given units by the Greeks B. properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms C. properties that are made up of multiple measurements

B. properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms

If someone claims a certain supplement is necessary to improve your health or can lessen your chance of getting a disease using scientific language but no actual testing, this is known as ______________. A. an experimental variable B. pseudoscience C. a controlled experiment

B. pseudoscience

An experiment is a(n) _______________. A. argumentative process whereby philosophers and scientists discuss and come to a conclusion about a hypothesis. B. re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientists to support or disprove a hypothesis. C. computer-driven sampling process whereby data are collected and analyzed.

B. re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientists to support or disprove a hypothesis.

A __________ describes historic schemes of thought that have survived the test of detailed examination for long periods of time. A. conjecture B. scientific theory C. model

B. scientific theory

The properties of an object are the effects the object has on your ____________. A. vision B. senses C. beliefs

B. sense

Physical scientists aim to make sense out of _______________. A. living organisms B. the physical environment C. human behavior

B. the physical environment

The word referent means that you ___________. A. are able to conjure up a mental image of an object. B. think of a given property in terms of another, more familiar object C. describe objects only with numerical data

B. think of a given property in terms of another, more familiar object

One of the basic differences between science and a pseudoscience is the lack of.... A. data B. valid and reliable experimental studies C. testable hypotheses D. theories

B. valid and reliable experimental studies

A unit is _____________. A. a measurement that widely varies in interpretation B. only used to measure weight C. a well-defined and agreed-upon referent.

C. a well-defined and agreed-upon referent

Pseudoscience refers to practices that... A. are well documented and tested B. validate well accepted laws of science. C. are sometimes absurd but gain acceptance due to wide publication D. can be accepted as valid without question

C. are sometimes absurd but gain acceptance due to wide publication

Time measurements formerly were based on Earth's rotation in a day but later became based on a high-precision device known as a(n)______________. A. scale ruler B. tide chart C. atomic clock

C. atomic clock

Time measurements formerly were based on Earth's rotation in a day but later became based on a high-precisison device known as a(n) ____________. A. tide chart B. scale ruler C. atomic clock

C. atomic clock

Measurements are useful in sharing descriptions of an object because they _________. A. allow for vagueness in understanding s the listener can come to his or her own conclusions about the object's physical features. B. are only used by scientists when they conduct research. C. compare a property of an object to a well-defined and agreed-upon referent.

C. compare a property of an object to a well-defined and agreed-upon referent.

If you were to form a mental image of an object, this is considered your ____________ of that object. A. ownership B. property C. concept

C. concept

An event with two situations with all the influencing factors identical except one is a(n).... A. hypothetical experiment B. experiment C. controlled experiment D. impossible experiment

C. controlled experiment

Measurement information used to describe objects, conditions, events, or changes that might be occurring is called ______________. A. weights B. volumes C. data

C. data

Mass per unit volume is defined as the __________ ratio. A. surface area B. metric volume C. density

C. density

Length is a measurement of ____________. A. mass B. weight C. distance

C. distance

In an equation, quantities on one side of the equal sign are _____________ the quantities on the other side. A. more than B. less than C. equal to

C. equal to

Standard units are usually defined and established by ______________. A. scientists B. economists C. governments and their agencies

C. governments and their agencies

Which of the following statements is true about a controlled experiment? A. It compares one situation in which all the influencing factors are kept stable. B. It compares two situations in which all the influencing factors are not identical. C. It compares two situations in which all the influencing factors are identical except one.

C. it compares two situations in which all the influencing factors are identical except one.

If you wanted to use numerically specific units to describe the size of a box, you would use _____________. A. estimates of miles and kilometers B. values for joules and watts C. measurements of length, width, and height

C. measurements of length, width, and height

If you wanted to use numerically specific units to describe the size of a box, you would use _____________. A. values for joules and watts B. estimates of miles and kilometers C. measurements of length, width, and height

C. measurements of length, width, and height

The metric prefix used to describe a million is ___________. A. micro B. milli C. mega D. giga E. pico

C. mega

In the metric system, what is the unit for length? A. foot B. inch C. meter

C. meter

When something cannot be directly observed, it can be represented by a... A. hypothesis B. graph C. model D. theory

C. model

The meter is subdivided into 10 equal-sized subunits called decimeters because deci- stand for "______________". A. one-hundredth of B. ten C. one-tenth of

C. one-tenth of

A controlled experiment is one where... A. no variables are allowed to change B. all but one variable is allowed to change C. only one variable is allowed to change at a time D. every variable is changed at the same time.

C. only one variable is allowed to change at a time.

A(n) ________________ allows you to make a proportionality statement that is unequal into an equation. A. inverse proportion B. direct proportion C. proportionality constant

C. proportionality constant

Several students perform an experiment to measure the acceleration due to gravity. The values they measured were 7.65m/s², 7.61m/s², 7.68m/s², and 7.65m/s². The accepted value is 9.80m/s². The results of this experiment could be described as... A. valid B. reliable C. accurate D. valid & reliable

C. reliable

A scheme of thought that has survived a test of detailed examination for long periods of time is a(n)... A. hypothesis B. scientific law C. scientific theory D. model

C. scientific theory

Standard units are ____________. A. numerical values calculated from measuring an object. B. measurements based on laws, such as the laws of gravity C. units of measurement usually defined by governments and their agencies, making it possible to duplicate measurements.

C. units of measurement usually defined by governments and their agencies, making it possible to duplicate measurements.

Agriculture students noticed that the potted plants that were nearest the window were stronger and greener this is an example of... A. experimental evidence B. conjecture C. a controlled experiment D. an observation

D. an observation

Over 300 years ago, Issac Newton proposed that all objects in the universe are affected by gravity in the same manner. Since then, this proposal has been thoroughly tested and validated. This proposal is now considered to be a(n)... A. hypothesis B. theory C. scientific principle D. law

D. law

_______________ is the ratio of mass per unit volume.

Density

When two variables increase (or decrease) together in the same ratio

Direct proportion

Greek and Roman origins, including referents to parts of the human body.

English system

True or False: A theory is a hypothesis that has been shown to be correct by many experiments.

False

True or false: Using measurements leads to vague descriptions.

False

Metric System

French Academy of Sciences, including invariable referents in nature, not the human body

English System

Greek and Roman origins, including referents to parts of the human body

When one variable increases while a second variable decreases in the same ratio.

Inverse proportion

French Academy of Sciences, including invariable referents in nature, not the human body.

Metric system

Mass is defined, under the metric system, by the standard unit of ___________.

kilogram

The ____________ process has three steps, comparing the referent unit to the property being described; following a procedure that specifies how the comparison should be made; and counting how many standard units describe the property.

measurement

Properties of an object include its _____________. (mark all that apply.) - qualities - attributes - beliefs -characteristics

qualities, attributes, characteristics

properties of an object include its ____________. (Mark all that apply) - qualities - characteristics - attributes - beliefs

qualities, characteristics, & attributes

Which of the following are variables? (Select all that apply.) - a second of time - rate of your heartbeat - a centimeter - your weight

rate of your heartbeat, your weight

A __________ is a relationship between two numbers obtained when one number is divided by another number.

ratio

A(n) ______________ is a relationship between two numbers obtained when one number is divided by another number.

ratio

Which of the following would qualify as phenomena a physical scientist would study? - a monkey - the sun - a glass of water - a moving automobile

the sun, a glass of water, a moving automobile

A well-defined and agreed-upon referent that is used as a standard is called a(n) _____________.

unit

The term _____________ refers to a specific quantity of an object or event that can have different values.

variable

One cubic centimeter has a ________________. (Choose all that apply.) - mass of 10 grams. - volume of 1 milliliter - mass of 1 gram - volume of 10 milliliters

volume of 1 milliliter, mass of 1 gram