Physical Science Chapter 11 Study Guide

If you hold a paper cup containing hot chocolate in your hand, thermal energy: A. does not flow. B. flows from the air to the hot chocolate. C. flows from the hot chocolate to your hand. D. flows from your hand to the hot chocolate.

C. flows from the hot chocolate to your hand.

1.000 Btu is equivalent to 252.0 calories while 1.000 calorie is equivalent to 4.186 joules. The number of joules equivalent to 1.000 Btu's is: a. 1055 b. 252.0 c. 60.20 d. 0.0166

a. 1055

A student burned his finger on a hot charcoal grill. a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. No heat transfer took place.

a. Conduction

The sand on the beach felt very hot on the students' bare feet. a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. No heat transfer takes place.

a. Conduction

Ellen wants to raise the temperature of the water in a small child's wading pool. Which of the following would be the best way to do this, and why? a. Use a cup of boiling water, because its molecules are moving fast. b. Use a large bucket of hot water, because it contains a large amount of thermal energy. c. Use a cup of slightly warm water, because it contains a large amount of thermal energy. d. Add water of any temperature, because any additional water will raise the temperature.

a. Use a cup of boiling water, because its molecules are moving fast.

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy due to: a. direct contact of particles of matter. b. differences in density. c. the force of buoyancy. d. electromagnetic radiation.

a. direct contact of particles of matter

During a sea-breeze, cool air moves from the water to the shore. This happens during the daytime when the temperature of the land is: a. higher than the water temperature and the air over the land is heated and rises. b. lower than the water temperature and the air over the water is heated and rises. c. higher than the water temperature and the air over the land is heated and sinks. d. lower than the water temperature and the air over the land is heated and rises.

a. higher than the water temperature and the air over the land is heated and rises.

A common radiator in a house will do its job more effectively if it is: a. made shiny. b. painted black. c. white in color. d. reduced in size.

a. made shiny

The phase of matter that makes the best conductor is: a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma

a. solid

When thermal energy flows, it raises the temperature of some substances more than others. This property of a substance is called: a. specific heat. b. latent heat. c. dew point. d. equilibrium.

a. specific heat.

Substance: Specific Heat in calories/gram °C water 1.00 ethanol 0.584 aluminum 0.215 gold 0.031 Suppose you add the same amount of thermal energy to each of the following substances. Based on Table 11-1, which would undergo the largest change in temperature? a. water b. ethanol c. aluminum d. gold

a. water

Substance: Specific Heat in calories/gram °C water 1.00 ethanol 0.584 aluminum 0.215 gold 0.031 20 grams of each of the substances in Table 11-1 is heated from a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius to a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius. The one containing the smallest amount of thermal energy is: a. water. b. ethanol. c. aluminum. d. gold.

a. water.

One liter of water at 10° Celsius is added to one liter at 80° Celsius. What is the final temperature of the mixture? a. 10° Celsius b. 45° Celsius c. 75° Celsius d. 90° Celsius

b. 45° Celsius

A cool breeze blows off the water. a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. No heat transfer takes place.

b. Convection

Most of the total incoming solar radiation is: a. returned to outer space b. absorbed by Earth c. used to drive the hydrologic cycle d. used by plants in photosynthesis

b. absorbed by Earth

Heat is defined as the: a. average kinetic energy of the molecules of an object. b. amount of thermal energy an object contains. c. average temperature of a substance. d. flow of thermal energy from one object to another object.

b. amount of thermal energy an object contains.

Natural convection is most likely to be caused by differences in ____ throughout a fluid. a. specific heat b. density c. thermal equilibrium d. thermal radiation

b. density

Due to its large mass, an iceberg has more internal energy than a hot cup of coffee. If the cup of coffee is placed in thermal contact with an iceberg: a. energy flows from the iceberg to the cup of coffee. b. energy flows from the cup of coffee to the iceberg. c. energy flows in both directions. d. there is no exchange of energy.

b. energy flows from the cup of coffee to the iceberg.

When you put ice in a drink to cool it: a. coldness is transferred from the ice to the warmer drink. b. heat is transferred from the warmer drink to the cooler ice. c. heat from the ice is lost to the warmer liquid around it. d. the ice cracks and releases cold air molecules that cool off the drink

b. heat is transferred from the warmer drink to the cooler ice.

The best insulator is: a. goose down b. styrofoam c. a vacuum d. glass

b. styrofoam

All objects would eventually cool to absolute zero by radiating their energy away if they did not receive energy from other objects by: a. thermal conduction b. thermal radiation c. thermal equilibrium d. thermal convection

b. thermal radiation

Earth receives heat from the sun by: a. thermal conduction b. thermal radiation c. thermal equilibrium d. thermal convection

b. thermal radiation

Electromagnetic waves produced by objects because of their temperature are referred to as: a. thermal conduction b. thermal radiation c. thermal equilibrium d. thermal convection

b. thermal radiation

Global wind cells and ocean currents are examples of heat transfer by: a. thermal conduction b. thermal radiation c. thermal equilibrium d. thermal convection

b. thermal radiation

Substance: Specific Heat in calories/gram °C water 1.00 ethanol 0.584 aluminum 0.215 gold 0.031 The temperature of 500. grams of ethanol is increased by 5.00° Celsius. Based on Table 11-1, the increase in the thermal energy of the ethanol is: a. 0.00068 calories b. 5.00 calories c. 292 calories d. 1,460 calories

c. 292 calories

Which of the following is generally the best conductor? a. A gas b. A liquid c. A solid whose electrons are loosely bound to their molecules d. A solid whose electrons are strongly bound to their molecules

c. A solid whose electrons are loosely bound to their molecules

Which of the following does NOT involve heat transfer by convection? a. Air moving from the Earth's equator toward the north pole b. Heat you feel when standing close to a campfire c. Cool breeze that blows from the water toward the beach during the day d. Transfer of heat to cooler parts of the room from a radiator

c. Cool breeze that blows from the water toward the beach during the day

Several students lie in the sun to warm up. a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. No heat transfer took place.

c. Radiation

An object is a good emitter of radiation if it is: a. a good transmitter. b. a good reflector. c. a good absorber. d. white in color.

c. a good absorber

Graph 11-2 represents a cooling curve for 10. grams of a substance as it cools from a vapor at 160 oC to a solid at 20.oC. Energy is removed from the sustance at a rate of 2.0 calories per minute Referring to Graph 11-2, during which phase of the substance is the specific heat the greatest? a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. plasma

c. gas

Which of the following is NOT a unit of heat energy? a. calorie b. joule c. newton d. Btu

c. newton

The type of heat transfer called convection happens as a result of: a. electromagnetic waves. b. the direct contact of particles in a substance. c. the actual motion of a fluid in the form of currents. d. All of the above

c. the actual motion of a fluid in the form of currents.

A 500-milliliter pot of water at 3° Celsius is mixed with a 500-milliliter pot of water at 5° Celsius. The amount of heat transferred in the mixing process is: a. 3 calories. b. 5 calories. c. 100 calories. d. 500 calories.

d. 500 calories.

The amount of thermal energy stored in an object depends on: a. the mass of the object. b. the temperature of the object. c. the amount of energy that the particular material stores per degree of temperature. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a good insulator? a. A pocket of air b. Foam packing material c. A down jacket d. Copper wire

d. Copper wire

The beach ball did not sink when thrown into the water. a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation d. No heat transfer took place.

d. No heat transfer took place.

The best reason to use water as a coolant is because water: a. is a small molecule. b. is a fluid. c. conducts heat well. d. has a high specific heat.

d. has a high specific heat.

The condition which occurs when two bodies reach the same temperature is: a. heat transfer b. thermal radiation c. thermal equilibrium d. heat convection

d. heat convection

Of the following, the smallest unit for measuring heat is the: a. kilocalorie b. calorie c. Btu d. joule

d. joule

The type of heat transfer which requires no matter in order for it to occur is called: a. insulation. b. conduction. c. convection. d. radiation.

d. radiation.

When thermal energy is added to a body, the rate it which its temperature increases depends upon all of the following properties EXCEPT: a. mass. b. density. c. the type of material being heated. d. the unit used for measuring the heat.

d. the unit used for measuring the heat.