Physical Science Chapter 3 & 4

Pioneer 10 was able to escape the solar system by A. "bouncing off" Jupiter like a tennis ball bouncing off an approaching tennis racket. B. having a sufficient escape velocity at launch. C. refueling via solar cells. D. nuclear-powered sustained thrust.

"bouncing off" Jupiter like a tennis ball bouncing off an approaching tennis racket.

Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the acceleration of each A. increases. B. decreases. C. is not affected.

. increases.

Two billiard balls having the same mass roll toward each other at the same speed. What is the net momentum of the two-ball system? A. 0 kg∙m/s B. 10 kg∙m/s C. not enough information

0 kg*m/s

When a 100-kg astronaut ejects 0.1 kg of gas at a speed of 50 m/s from her propulsion pistol, her recoil speed is A. 50 m/s. B. 0.05 m/s. C. 0.5 m/s. D. 5.0 m/s.

0.05 m/s

A 2-kg rifle is horizontally suspended by a pair of strings so that recoil can be measured. The rifle fires a 0.001-kg bullet at a speed of 200 m/s. The recoil velocity of the rifle is about A. 0.001 m/s. B. 1 m/s. C. 0.1 m/s. D. 0.01 m/s. E. none of the above

0.1 m/s

Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One car rolls at 2 m/s and the other car rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with a speed of A. 1.0 m/s. B. 0.5 m/s. C. 0.33 m/s. D. 0.67 m/s. E. none of the above

0.5 m/s

A bullet fired horizontally hits the ground in 0.5 s. If it had been fired with twice the velocity it would have hit the ground in A. more than 0.5 s. B. less than 0.5 s. C. 0.5 s.

0.5 s.

A 30-kg girl on friction-free roller blades pushes away a 25-kg boy also on roller blades at 1 m/s. The girl's speed is A. 0.45 m/s. B. 0.83 m/s. C. 0.55 m/s. D. 1.2 m/s.

0.83 m/s

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty move with a momentum of A. more than 5 kg∙m/s. B. 1 kg∙m/s. C. 0 kg∙m/s. D. 5 kg∙m/s. E. 2 kg∙m/s.

1 kg*m/s

If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 10 m/s, neglecting air resistance, the time it takes to reach the top of its path is A. 1 s. B. 10 s. C. 2 s. D. not enough information

1 s

A piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball initially at rest. After the putty sticks to the ball, both move with a combined momentum of A. less than 1 unit. B. 1 unit. C. more than 1 unit. D. not enough information

1 unit

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One glider moves at 1 m/s and the other glider moves at 2 m/s. They collide, stick, and move at A. 1/3 m/s. B. 1/6 m/s. C. 3/4 m/s. D. 1.5 m/s. E. 1/2 m/s.

1/2 m/s

A 1-kg glider and a 2-kg glider both slide toward each other at 1 m/s on an air track. When they collide and stick, the combined-glider speed is A. 1.5 m/s. B. 1/2 m/s. C. 0 m/s. D. 1/6 m/s. E. 1/3 m/s.

1/3 m/s

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball that is initially at rest in space. The bowling ball and putty are then set in motion with a speed of A. 1/4 m/s. B. 1/6 m/s. C. 1/5 m/s. D. none of the above E. not enough information

1/6 m/s

A 5-kg fish swimming at 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimming toward it at 4 m/s. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is A. 1/5 m/s. B. 1/2 m/s. C. 3/2 m/s. D. 2/3 m/s. E. 1/6 m/s.

1/6 m/s

Consider gliders that slide friction-free along a horizontal air track. Glider A has a mass of 1 kg, a speed of 1 m/s, and collides with glider B, which has a mass of 5 kg and is at rest. If they stick upon collision the combined-glider speed will be A. 1/6 m/s B. 1/4 m/s. C. 1 m/s. D. 1/5 m/s. E. none of the above

1/6 m/s

A machine puts out 100 W of power for every 1000 W put into it. The efficiency of the machine is A. 50%. B. 10%. C. 90%. D. 110%. E. none of the above

10 %

It takes 40 J to push a large crate 4 m across a floor. The force exerted on the crate is A. 10 N. B. 4 N. C. 160 N. D. 1600 N. E. 40 N.

10 N

A melon is tossed straight upward with 100 J of kinetic energy. If air resistance is negligible the melon will return to its initial level with a kinetic energy of A. more than 100 J. B. 100 J. C. less than 100 J. D. need more information

100 J

From the edge of a roof you throw a snowball downward that strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. Then you throw a second snowball upward with the same initial speed, and this too falls to the ground. Neglecting air resistance, the second snowball hits the ground with a kinetic energy of A. 100 J. B. more than 200 J. C. 200 J. D. less than 100 J. E. none of the above

100 J

A woman who normally weighs 400 N stands on top of a very tall ladder so she is one Earth-radius above Earth's surface. What is her weight there? A. 200 N B. 100 N C. 400 N D. zero E. none of the above

100 N

A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 s later? A. 500 m B. 100 m C. 50 m D. 98 m E. none of the above

100 m

Consider a monkey wrench released at rest at the far edge of the solar system that drops to Earth by virtue of only Earth's gravity. The wrench will strike Earth's surface with a speed of about A. the speed of light. B. 11 km/s. C. 10 m/s. D. 8 km/s.

11 km/s.

Escape speed from Earth is A. 9.8 km/s. B. 11.2 km/s. C. 8 km/s. D. 42.2 km/s.

11.2 km/s.

What is the mass of a ball moving at 4 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg∙m/s? A. 12 kg B. 4 kg C. 192 kg D. 48 kg E. none of the above

12 kg

What is the speed of a 6-kg ball with a momentum of 72 kg∙m/s?A. 12 m/s B. 4 m/s C. 48 m/s D. 3 m/s E. none of the above

12 m/s

What is the mass of a ball moving at 3 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg∙m/s? A. 144 kg B. 4 kg C. 16 kg D. 12 kg E. none of these

16 kg

A car moves 4 times as fast as another identical car. Compared with the slower car, the faster car has A. 16 times the kinetic energy. B. 4 times the kinetic energy. C. 8 times the kinetic energy. D. 12 times the kinetic energy.

16 times the kinetic energy.

A shopping cart moves with a kinetic energy of 40 J. If it moves at twice the speed, its kinetic energy is A. 80 J. B. 40 J. C. 160 J. D. not enough information

160 J

If a power plant is 30% efficient, and the transmission system that delivers power to consumers is 60% efficient, then the overall efficiency is A. 30%. B. 18%. C. 60%. D. 90%. E. none of the above

18 %

A car moving at 50 km/h skids 20 m with locked brakes. How far will it skid if its initial speed is 150 km/h? A. 90 m B. 60 m C. 180 m D. 20 m

180 m

If you exert 100 J to lift a box in 50 s your power output is A. 2 W. B. 4 W. C. 1/4 W. D. 1/2 W. E. more than 4 W

2 W

A 2-kg mass that weighs 20 N has 40 J of potential energy relative to the ground. What is its height? A. 1 m B. 2 m C. 3 m D. 4 m E. none of the above

2 m

A pulley has two supporting strands. To lift a load 1 meter means you will have to pull a distance of A. 1 m. B. 1/2 m. C. 2 m. D. more than 2 m.

2 m

If a projectile is fired straight up at a speed of 10 m/s, neglecting air resistance, the total time to return to its starting position is A. 1 s. B. 20 s. C. 10 s. D. 2 s. E. not enough information

2 s

A 1-kg ball dropped from a height of 2 m rebounds only 1.5 m after hitting the ground. The amount of energy converted to heat is about A. 0.5 J. B. more than 2.0 J. C. 2.0 J. D. 1.5 J. E. 1.0 J.

2.0 J

When the input piston of a hydraulic press is depressed 20 cm, the output piston is observed to move 1 cm. An input force of 1 N can raise no more than A. 1 N. B. 21 N. C. 10 N. D. 20 N.

20 N

If there were no gravity, a ball thrown upward at an angle would follow a straight-line path. Due to gravity, however, at the end of 2 s it is A. 5 m below the straight line. B. 10 m below the straight line. C. 15 m below the straight line. D. 20 m below the straight line. E. more than 20 m below the straight line.

20 m below the straight line.

A softball player determines her pitching speed by throwing a ball horizontally from an elevation of 5 m above the ground. The ball lands 20 m downrange. What is her pitching speed? A. 10 m/s B. 20 m/s C. 5 m/s D. 25 m/s E. none of the above

20 m/s

A hydraulic jack is used to lift an automobile. If the input force is 200 N over a distance of 1 meter, the output force over a distance of 0.1 meter is ideally A. 1000 N. B. 500 N. C. 2000 N. D. 200 N. E. none of the above

200 N

A 1000-kg truck moving at 10 m/s that brakes to a stop in 5 s has an average braking force of A. 2000 N. B. 1000 N. C. 4000 N. D. 5000 N. E. 3000 N.

2000 N.

Ignoring air resistance, what maximum speed can be given to a horizontally moving tennis ball as it clears the net 1.25 m high to remain within the edge of the court, which is 12.0 m from the bottom of the net? A. 24.0 m/s B. 12.0 m/s C. 48.0 m/s D. 16.0 m/s

24.0 m/s

A softball player determines her pitching speed by throwing a ball horizontally from an elevation of 20 m above the ground. The ball lands 50 m downrange. What is her pitching speed? A. 25 m/s B. 5 m/s C. 10 m/s D. 20 m/s E. none of the above

25 m/s

A 2500-N pile driver ram falls 10 m and drives a post 0.1 m into the ground. The average force on the post is A. 250,000 N. B. 25,000 N. C. 2500 N. D. 2,500,000 N

250,000 N

What is the speed of a 4-kg ball with a momentum of 12 kg∙m/s?A. 12 m/s B. 3 m/s C. 4 m/s D. 48 m/s E. none of the above

3 m/s

Two projectiles are fired at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30° and the other at 60°. With no air resistance, the projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at A. 30°. B. 60°. C. both hit at the same time

30°.

With no air resistance, a projectile fired at 60° has the same range as if it were fired at A. 45°. B. 75°. C. 15°. D. 30°.

30°.

If you exert 6 N across a distance of 2 m in 3 s you'll deliver a power of A. 6 W. B. 3 W. C. 1 W. D. more than 6 W E. 4 W.

4 W

A bow is drawn so that it has 40 J of potential energy. When the arrow is fired its kinetic energy is ideally A. more than 40 J. B. 40 J. C. less than 40 J.

40 J

A music console is pushed 2 m by a force of 20 N. The work done on the console is A. 80 J. B. 20 J. C. 40 J. D. 10 J. E. 2 J.

40 J

Suppose a miracle car has a 100% efficient engine and burns fuel having an energy content of 40 MJ/L. If all resistant forces on this car traveling at highway speeds is 1000 N, what is the overall limit in distance per liter driven on the highway? A. more than 50 km B. 30 km C. 50 km D. 40 km E. not enough information

40 km

With no air resistance, a projectile fired at 50° has the same range as if it were fired at A. 45°. B. 60°. C. 55°. D. 40°.

40°.

A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a tall cliff. Three seconds later, the ball has fallen a vertical distance of A. 30 m. B. 45 m. C. 20 m. D. depends on the initial horizontal speed of the ball

45 m.

A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. One second after leaving your hand it drops a vertical distance of A. 15 m. B. 5 m. C. 10 m

5 m

If there were no gravity, a ball thrown upward at an angle would follow a straight-line path. Due to gravity, however, at the end of 1 s it is A. 5 m below the straight line. B. 10 m below the straight line. C. 15 m below the straight line. D. 20 m below the straight line. E. more than 20 m below the straight line.

5 m below the straight line.

For each 8-km segment of a satellite in close Earth orbit, the "drop" toward Earth is about A. also 8 km. B. 5 m. C. 10 m.

5 m.

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at rest. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is A. 5/6 m/s. B. 1 m/s. C. 1/2 m/s. D. 6/5 m/s. E. 2/5 m/s.

5/6 m/s

A jack system will increase the potential energy of a heavy load by no more than 1000 J with a work input of 2000 J. The efficiency of the jack system is at most A. 10%. B. 80%. C. 20%. D. 50%. E. not enough information

50 %

Using 1000 J of work, a toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 s. How much power does the elevator use? A. 100 W B. 1000 W C. 20 W D. 20,000 W E. 50 W

50 W

A projectile is launched straight upward at 50 m/s. Neglecting air resistance its speed upon returning to its starting point is A. 50 m/s. B. less than 50 m/s. C. more than 50 m/s.

50 m/s.

A piece of taffy slams into and sticks to another identical piece of taffy at rest. The momentum of the two pieces of taffy stuck together after the collision is the same as it was before the collision. Kinetic energy is a different story, for part of it turns into heat. What percentage of the kinetic energy converts into heat? A. 0% B. 50% C. 75% D. 25% E. not enough information

50%

In raising a 5000-N piano with a pulley system, for every 1 m of rope pulled down, the piano rises 0.1 m. Ideally, this means the force needed to lift the piano is A. 500 N. B. 50 N. C. 5000 N. D. not enough information

500 N

Phil stands at rest with both feet on a scale that reads 500 N. After he gently lifts one foot, the scale reads A. more than 500 N. B. less than 500 N. C. 500 N.

500 N

What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface? A. 500 N B. 50 N C. 5000 N D. 598 N E. 250 N

500 N

When Danny Diver who weighs 500 N steps off a diving board 10 m above the water, he hits the water with kinetic energy of A. 5000 J. B. more than 5000 J. C. 510 J. D. 500 J. E. 10 J.

5000 J

A 5000-kg freight car crashes into a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move with a speed of 2 m/s. What was the initial speed of the 5000-kg freight car? A. 6 m/s B. 4 m/s C. 8 m/s D. 5 m/s E. none of the above

6 m/s

A projectile is launched at an angle of 15° above the horizontal and lands downrange. With no air resistance, what other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same downrange distance? A. 50° B. 45° C. 90° D. 30° E. 75°

75°

A common car engine is 20% efficient. When cruising, the car encounters an average retarding force of 1000 N. If the energy content of gasoline is 40 MJ/L, how many kilometers per liter does the car achieve? A. 12 km/L B. 8 km/L C. 14 km/L D. 10 km/L E. none of the above

8 km/L

A boxer punches a sheet of paper in midair from rest to a speed of 40 m/s in 0.05 s. If the mass of the paper is 0.01 kg, the force of the punch on the paper is A. 0.8 N. B. 80 N. C. 8.0 N. D. 0.08 N.

8.0 N.

A 2-kg mass weighs 20 N and is held 4 m above the ground. Its potential energy relative to the ground is A. 80 J. B. 8 J. C. 60 J. D. 20 J. E. none of the above

80 J

According to the impulse-momentum relationship Ft = change in mv, a falling bungee jumper has momentum which is reduced by the force F exerted by the bungee cord. If v is the speed of the jumper, then m in the equation is the mass of the A. jumper. B. ground below. C. cord. D. none of the above

A. jumper.

Acrobat Bart at the circus drops vertically onto the end of a see-saw, with his partner Art equidistant from the fulcrum at the other end. Art is propelled straight upward a distance twice that of Bart's dropping distance. Neglecting inefficiencies we see A. Art has half the mass of Bart. B. the masses of Art and Bart are equal. C. need more information

Art has half the mass of Bart.

Which of these two collisions is more damaging; driving into a concrete wall with no "give," or colliding head-on with an identical car moving toward you at your same speed? A. collision with the car B. collision with the wall C. both the same

Both the same

According to the impulse-momentum relationship Ft = change in mv, a falling baseball hits a player with a force F. The t in the equation is the time A. the ball falls before hitting the player. B. of reflex as the player responds to being hit. C. of contact of the ball hitting the player. D. all of the above E. none of the above

C. of contact of the ball hitting the player.

The Universal Gravitational Constant G was first measured by A. Newton. B. Cavendish. C. Galileo. D. none of these

Cavendish

An object is placed exactly halfway between the Earth and the Moon. The object will fall toward the A. Earth. B. Moon. C. neither

Earth.

The planet Jupiter is about 300 times as massive as Earth, yet on its surface you would weigh only about 3 times as much because A. Jupiter is significantly farther from the Sun. B. you are 100 times more weightless there. C. your mass is 100 times less on Jupiter. D. Jupiter's radius is 10 times Earth's radius. E. none of the above

Jupiter's radius is 10 times Earth's radius.

Wobbles in the path of Uranus led to the discovery of A. Jupiter. B. Neptune. C. Mars. D. all of the above E. none of the above

Neptune.

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of A. Newton's second law. B. Newton's first law. C. Newton's third law.

Newton's second law.

Which has greater kinetic energy: a car traveling at 30 km/h or another car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/h? A. The 30-km/h car B. The 60-km/h car C. both have the same kinetic energy

The 60-km/h car

The most energy per unit mass can be extracted from A. uranium. B. coal. C. natural gas. D. petroleum.

Uranium

Dwarf planet Pluto was discovered by perturbations of A.Uranus and Neptune. B. Jupiter. C. Saturn. D. all of the above

Uranus and Neptune.

The planet Neptune was discovered by perturbations of A. its moons. B. Uranus. C. Pluto. D. none of the above

Uranus.

Which has the greater kinetic energy? A. a car traveling at 30 km/h B. a car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/h C. both the same D. need more information

a car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/h

A dropped ball gains speed because A. of inertia. B. a gravitational force acts on it. C. its nature is to become closer to Earth. D. its velocity changes.

a gravitational force acts on it.

An astronaut floating alone in outer space throws a baseball. If the ball moves away at 20 m/s, the astronaut will move in the opposite direction at A. a higher speed. B. a lower speed. C. 20 m/s. D. more information needed E. none of the above

a lower speed

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth? A. a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls B. a Mack truck parked in a lot C. a dog running down the street D. a pickup truck speeding along a highway

a pickup truck speeding along a highway

The parabolic path of a cannonball fired from a mountain top is actually A. a path for escape speed. B. a segment of a circle if firing is horizontally. C. a segment of an ellipse. D. none of the above

a segment of an ellipse.

The hang time of an athlete who moves horizontally 2.0 m during a 1.25-m-high jump is A. more than 1 s. B. about 1 s. C. less than 1 s.

about 1 s.

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground. By doing this, the contact time is about 10 times more than for a stiff-legged landing and the average force your body experiences is reduced by A. more than 10 times. B. about 10 times. C. less than 10 times.

about 10 times

A satellite near Earth makes a full circle in about 90 minutes. Much farther from Earth, say at the distance to the Moon, time for a full circle would be A. less than 90 minutes. B. about 28 days. C. 90 minutes. D. not enough information E. none of the above

about 28 days.

A circus diver drops from a high pole into water far below. When he is half-way down A. his potential energy is halved. B. his kinetic and potential energies are equal. C. he has gained an amount of kinetic energy equal to half his initial potential energy. D. all of the above E. none of the above

all of the above

A moving object has A. velocity. B. momentum. C. speed. D. energy. E. all of the above

all of the above

An outcome of universal gravitation is that A. it provided prediction and discovery of planets. B. its discovery prompted other laws of nature. C. planets aren't cubes with sharp corners. D. all of the above

all of the above

The amount of potential energy possessed by an elevated object is A. equal to the kinetic energy it will acquire when freely falling to its reference level. B. equal to the work done in lifting it. C. relative to a chosen reference level. D. all of the above

all of the above

The force of a falling apple hitting the ground depends upon A. whether or not the apple bounces. B. the speed of the apple just before it hits the ground. C. the time of contact with the ground. D. all of the above

all of the above

The massive ram of a pile driver falling from rest strikes a pile with a speed that depends on the A. initial height of the ram. B. distance the ram falls. C. initial potential energy of the ram. D. all of the above

all of the above

You can experience weight A. in an accelerating elevator away from Earth. B. in a rotating habitat in space. C. standing on Earth's surface. D. all of the above

all of the above

You experience weightlessness A. in a freely falling elevator. B. momentarily when you step off a chair. C. in the absence of a supporting surface. D. all of the above

all of the above

The circular path of a satellite orbiting Earth is characterized by a constant A. speed. B. radial distance. C. acceleration. D. all the above E. none of the above

all the above

Without air resistance, a projectile fired horizontally at 8 km/s from a mountain top will A. return to its starting position and repeat its falling behavior. B. accelerate downward at g as it moves horizontally. C. trace a curve that matches Earth's curvature. D. all the above E. none of the above

all the above

If Earth's mass somehow doubles with no change in its size, and your mass remains the same, your weight A. also doubles. B. is quadrupled. C. remains the same.

also doubles.

If your mass doubles, your weight A. also doubles. B. is quadrupled. C. remains the same.

also doubles.

Bronco's speed increases after he dives from a hovering helicopter. Relative to an observer in the helicopter Bronco's momentum A. decreases. B. remains unchanged. C. also increases.

also increases

A hydraulic press, like an inclined plane, is capable of increasing energy. A. always false B. always true C. sometimes false D. sometimes true

always false

Traveling from Earth to the Moon requires that a rocket have A. any sustained speed if time isn't a factor. B. more than escape speed from Earth. C. less than escape speed from Earth.

any sustained speed if time isn't a factor.

A bullet fired from a rifle begins to fall A. after air friction reduces its speed. B. as soon as it leaves the barrel. C. neither of these

as soon as it leaves the barrel.

When you simultaneously drop a light tennis ball and a heavy bowling ball, they hit the floor A. with the same force. B. at the same speed. C. with the same momentum. D. all of the above E. none of the above

at the same speed

Earth satellites are typically more than 100-km high so as to mainly be above the Earth's A. atmosphere. B. gravitational influence. C. both of these D. none of the above

atmosphere.

The International Space Station orbits at an average 360-km altitude so that it is mainly above Earth's A. gravitation. B. atmosphere. C. both of these D. none of the above

atmosphere.

In the vacuum of outer space far from our Sun, there is no A. gravity. B. atmospheric pressure. C. both of these D. none of the above

atmospheric pressure.

If a monkey floating in outer space throws his hat away, the hat and the monkey will both move A. away from each other at the same speed. B. a short distance and then slow down. C. a short distance and then gain speed. D. away from each other, but at different speeds. E. quickly to a stop.

away from each other, but at different speeds

To drop a package to Earth from a satellite, project it A. ahead at satellite speed. B. behind at satellite speed. C. straight downward. D. none of the above

behind at satellite speed.

An airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 50 m. The pilot drops a heavy package that falls to the ground below. Neglecting air resistance, the package will land A. 500 m behind the plane. B. more than 500 m behind the plane. C. 400 m behind the plane. D. beneath the plane. E. none of the above

beneath the plane.

A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Which force, if either, is greater? A. the force on A B. the force on B C. both forces on each other are the same

both forces on each other are the same

A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the A. dropped ball. B. rolling ball. C. both hit at the same time

both hit at the same time

A hunter fires a bullet from a horizontally—held rifle while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. The bullet to hit the ground first is A. the dropped one. B. the fired one. C. both hit at the same time

both hit at the same time

A pulley system can A. change the direction of a force. B. multiply a force. C. both of these D. none of the above

both of these

Air resistance on a high-speed projectile shortens its A. maximum height. B. range. C. both of these D. none of the above

both of these

If the Sun were twice as massive, A. Earth's pull on the Sun would double. B. its pull on the Earth would double. C. both of these D. none of the above

both of these

One second after a ball rolls off the edge of a horizontal surface at a speed of 10 m/s, A. its vertical component of velocity is 10 m/s. B. its speed is about 14 m/s. C. both of these D. none of the above

both of these

Solar power is commonly used to produce A. heat. B. electricity. C. both of these

both of these

The identities of dark energy and dark matter are A. subjects of intense astronomical interest. B. unknown at this time. C. both of these D. neither of these

both of these

The planet Jupiter takes a longer time to travel around the Sun than Earth because Jupiter A. has farther to go. B. goes slower. C. both of these D. none of the above

both of these

Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m? A. lifting the 50-kg sack B. lifting the 25-kg sack C. both require the same amount of work

both require the same amount of work

Two motorcycle stunt drivers, one light and the other much heavier, ride their motorcycles up and off an inclined ramp at identical speeds. They both rise in the air and land downrange. Neglecting air resistance, the one to attain the greatest height and greatest range is the A. heavy driver. B. light driver. C. both the same

both the same

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the impulse is A. greater with the haystack. B. greater with the brick wall. C. both the same

both the same

While driving down the highway a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact? A. the lovebug B. your car C. both the same

both the same

While driving down the highway a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoes the greater impulse? A. your car B. the lovebug C. both the same

both the same

While driving down the highway a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which experiences the greater force of impact? A. the lovebug B. your car C. both the same but with different consequences

both the same but with different consequences

The bob of a simple pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy at the A. at all points along its path of swing. B. top of its swing. C. bottom of its swing. D. midpoint between top and bottom of its swing.

bottom of its swing

A karate chop is more effective if one's hand A. bounces upon impact. B. extends the time upon impact. C. follows through upon impact.

bounces upon impact

The greater efficiency achieved with the curved blades of a Pelton wheel is due to A. divided impulse. B. bouncing. C. rotational momentum. D. greater time of water impact.

bouncing

A supplier wants to make a profit by buying gold by weight at one altitude and selling it at the same price per newton at another altitude. The supplier should A. disregard altitude because it makes no difference. B. buy at a low altitude and sell at a high altitude. C. buy at a high altitude and sell at a low altitude.

buy at a high altitude and sell at a low altitude.

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because a person hitting the dash has a. increased time of contact b. decreased contact force c. both of these d. neither of these

c. both of these

Acceleration is greater for a satellite in elliptical orbit when it is A. farthest from Earth. B. closest to Earth. C. the same at both locations

closest to Earth.

A common pulley acts similar to a A. tension producer. B. hydraulic press. C. gear. D. common lever.

common lever

A car traveling along the highway brakes to a stop. A greater braking force is required when the car has a. less stopping b. more momentum c. more mass d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

If Earth's mass somehow decreased with no change in its radius, your weight would A. increase. B. decrease also. C. remain the same.

decrease also

If Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, your weight would A. remain the same. B. decrease to one-quarter. C. decrease to one-half. D. none of the above

decrease to one-half.

If the radius of the Earth somehow increased with no change in mass, your weight would A. increase. B. decrease. C. not change.

decrease.

An open freight car rolls friction-free along a horizontal track in vertically pouring rain. As water accumulates in the car, its speed A. decreases. B. increases. C. doesn't change.

decreases

When Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard, the speed of the skateboard A. decreases. B. increases. C. neither decreases nor increases.

decreases

When bullets are fired in a forward direction from a fighter aircraft, the momentum of the aircraft A. is unchanged. B. decreases. C. increases.

decreases

When the distance between a pair of stars doubles, the force between them A. decreases by one-quarter. B. increases to twice as much. C. decreases by one-half. D. increases to four times as much. E. stays the same.

decreases by one-quarter.

A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its vertical component of velocity A. remains unchanged. B. decreases. C. increases.

decreases.

When a simple machine multiplies force, it decreases A. potential energy. B. distance moved. C. both of these D. none of the above

distance moved

Whereas impulse involves the time that a force acts, work involves the A. acceleration that a force produces. B. distance that a force acts. C. time and distance that a force acts.

distance that a force acts.

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is A. doubled. B. quadrupled. C. unchanged. D. zero.

doubled

Which has the greater momentum when moving? A. a bullet B. a container ship C. either of these depending on speed

either of these depending on speed

The force of air impact upon the sail of a boat is greater if the air A. encounters the sail head-on. B. encounters the sail at a grazing angle. C. bounces upon impact.

encounters the sail head-on

A popular swinging-balls apparatus (Newton's cradle) consists of a series of identical elastic balls suspended by strings so they barely touch each other. When two balls are pulled away from one end and released, they strike the row of balls and two balls pop out from the other end. If instead, one ball popped out with twice the speed, this would violate the conservation of A. energy. B. momentum. C. both of these D. none of the above

energy

A simple machine cannot multiply A. energy. B. distance. C. force. D. none of the above

energy

The unit kilowatt-hour is a unit of A. power. B. energy. C. momentum. D. time.

energy

The most underlying feature of machines is A. that energy input always equals energy output. B. that power input always equals power output. C. energy conservation. D. all of the above E. none of the above

energy conservation

When Jean standing on slippery ice catches her leaping dog Daisy, the momentum of both Jean and Daisy after the catch is A. greater than their combined momentum before the catch. B. somewhat less than their combined momentum before the catch. C. equal to their combined momentum before the catch.

equal to their combined momentum before the catch.

A vertically oriented rocket that is able to sustain a continuous upward velocity of 8 km/s will A. eventually escape from Earth. B. maintain a fixed orbit around Earth. C. be unable to escape Earth.

eventually escape from Earth.

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the A. rocket's wings. B. rocket's engine. C. atmospheric pressure. D. exhaust gases. E. none of the above

exhaust gases

An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels slowest when it is A. farthest from the Earth. B. nearest the Earth. C. neither of these

farthest from the Earth.

Your weight is equal to mg when you are A. in Earth's gravitational field. B. firmly supported on a horizontal surface and in equilibrium. C. anywhere except in Earth's orbit. D. all of the above

firmly supported on a horizontal surface and in equilibrium.

The total momentum of a flock of identical birds could be zero only if the birds are A. very tired and coming down to rest. B. flying in different directions. C. flying in the same direction. D. taking off from the ground.

flying in different directions

How far away from Earth must one travel to completely be beyond Earth's gravity? A. to a region beyond the solar system B. to a region well beyond the Moon C. forget it; you can't travel far enough D. to a region above the Earth's atmosphere

forget it; you can't travel far enough

Which of these forms of energy is not renewable? A. fossil fuel power B. wind power C. solar power D. photovoltaic power

fossil fuel power

A car that travels twice as fast as another car when braking to a stop will skid A. four times as far. B. twice as far. C. depends on the mass of the cars.

four times as far

Two identical arrows, one with twice the speed of the other are fired into a bale of hay. The faster arrow will penetrate the bale A. four times as far as the slower arrow. B. twice as far as the slower arrow. C. more than four times as far as the slower arrow. D. the same distance as the slower arrow. E. none of the above

four times as far as the slower arrow.

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is A. half as much. B. twice as much. C. four times as much. D. one-quarter. E. none of the above

four times as much

An Earth satellite is simply a projectile A. floating motionless in space near Earth. B. approaching Earth from outer space. C. freely falling around Earth.

freely falling around Earth.

When Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard, he doesn't slip off the skateboard because of A. friction between his feet and the board. B. inertia in motion. C. momentum change.

friction between his feet and the board.

A straw is used for a pea shooter. When you blow through the straw the speed of the emerging pea will be greater if the straw is A. cut in half. B. full length. C. either cut in half or full length.

full length

Which of these is not a form of solar energy? A. fossil fuel energy B. hydroelectric power C. geothermal energy D. wind energy

geothermal energy

The Sun is spherical due to A. gravitation. B. Earth circling it. C. Earth and Moon circling it. D. none of the above

gravitation.

A heavy truck and a small car roll down a hill at the same speed and need to stop in the same amount of time. Compared with the force to stop the car, the force needed to stop the truck is A. greater. B. smaller. C. the same.

greater

Minimal orbit speed about Earth is about 8 km/s. Minimal orbital speed for a satellite about Jupiter would be A. greater than 8 km/s. B. less than 8 km/s. C. about 8 km/s.

greater than 8 km/s.

When an apple falls to the ground, momentum is transferred to the ground. The momentum absorbed by the ground is A. greater than that of the apple whether or not bouncing occurs. B. greater if the apple bounces. C. negligible compared to the momentum of the apple. D. none of the above

greater than that of the apple whether or not bouncing occurs.

According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the A. greater the gravitational force between them. B. less the gravitational force between them. C. greater the force between them by the square of the distance. D. greater the force between them by the square of the masses.

greater the gravitational force between them

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the stopping force is A. greater with the brick wall. B. greater with the haystack. C. both the same

greater with the brick wall.

Compared with the period of satellites in orbit close to Earth, the period of satellites in orbit far from Earth is A. the same. B. less. C. greater. D. not enough information

greater.

Lifting a 100-N load with 50 N of force lifts it A. twice as high. B. half as high. C. as high.

half as high

A clerk can lift containers a vertical distance of 1 m, or roll them up a 2-m-long ramp to the same elevation. With the ramp, the applied force needed is A. twice as much. B. half as much. C. the same.

half as much.

A block of ice sliding down an incline has half its maximum kinetic energy A. at the bottom. B. half-way down. C. at the top. D. need more information

half-way down

When a bus brakes to a stop its kinetic energy transforms to A. heat. B. potential energy. C. energy of rest. D. energy of motion. E. stopping energy.

heat

The fuel most likely to power tomorrow's scooters, forklifts, and busses is A. helium. B. hydrogen. C. lithium.

hydrogen

What is produced by the process of electrolysis? A. pure drinking water B. energy C. photovoltaic power D. hydrogen and oxygen

hydrogen and oxygen

The speed of a bullet fired from a gun will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun A. when both velocity and momentum are conserved. B. when momentum is conserved. C. if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal. D. because velocity is conserved. E. none of the above

if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal.

A cannonball fired from a long-barrel cannon will have a greater muzzle velocity because the cannonball receives a greater A. force. B. impulse. C. both of these D. none of the above

impulse

The change in momentum of an object is equal to the A. change in its velocity. B. impulse that acts on it. C. object's mass times the force acting on it. D. force acting on it. E. all of the above

impulse that acts on it

If the radius of the Earth somehow decreased with no change in mass, your weight would A. decrease. B. increase. C. not change.

increase.

When a boxer moves into an oncoming punch, the force experienced is A. increased. B. decreased. C. no different, but the timing is different. D. all of the above

increased.

When the distance between a pair of stars decreases by half, the force between them A. increases to twice as much. B. increases to four times as much. C. decreases by one-half. D. decreases by one-quarter. E. stays the same.

increases to four times as much.

As a bowling ball that rolls off the edge of a table falls, its vertical component of motion A. remains constant. B. increases. C. decreases.

increases.

Two objects move toward each other due to gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the force between them A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains constant.

increases.

Perturbations of planets are due to A. deviations from straight-line paths. B. uneven masses of planets. C. interplanetary forces. D. none of the above

interplanetary forces.

Neglecting air resistance, after a ball leaves your hand when you toss it upward, the force on it A. is only the force due to gravity, always directed downward. B. gradually decreases until the ball reaches the top of its path. C. first acts upward and then downward after reaching the top. D. none of the above

is only the force due to gravity, always directed downward.

The Earlybird communication satellite hovers over the same point on Earth's equator indefinitely because A. it is kept aloft by ground control. B. it is beyond the main pull of Earth gravity. C. it pulls as hard on Earth as Earth pulls on it. D. forces other than Earth's gravity act on it. E. its orbital period is 24 hours.

its orbital period is 24 hours.

The Moon continually falls toward Earth, but doesn't get closer because A. gravitation is extremely weak at the Earth-Moon distance. B. the distance of fall is very small. C. its tangential velocity causes it to fall around as well as toward Earth.

its tangential velocity causes it to fall around as well as toward Earth.

Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet that is fired has a greater A. kinetic energy. B. momentum. C. none of the above

kinetic energy

If a charging rhinoceros has momentum, it must also have A. work. B. kinetic energy. C. potential energy. D. all of the above

kinetic energy

Jogging Jake runs along the top of a moving flatcar in the direction of motion of the flatcar. If he runs in the opposite direction, the combined momentum of Jake and the flatcar relative to an observer at rest will be A. the same. B. more. C. less.

less

A melon is projected into the air with 100 J of kinetic energy in the presence of air resistance. When it returns to its initial level its kinetic energy is A. 100 J. B. more than 100 J. C. less than 100 J. D. need more information

less than 100 J

A lunar month is about 28 days. If the Moon were closer to Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be A. more than 28 days. B. less than 28 days. C. unchanged at 28 days.

less than 28 days.

Minimal orbit speed about Earth is about 8 km/s. Minimal orbital speed for a satellite about the Moon would be A. about 8 km/s. B. less than 8 km/s. C. greater than 8 km/s.

less than 8 km/s.

A ball is projected into the air with 900 J of kinetic energy that is transformed to potential energy at the top of its trajectory. When it returns to its original level after encountering air resistance, its kinetic energy is A. 900 J. B. more than 900 J. C. less than 900 J. D. not enough information

less than 900 J

According to Newton, the greater the distance between gravitationally interacting objects, the A. more the gravitational force between them. B. constancy of the force between them. C. less the gravitational force between them.

less the gravitational force between them.

An object may have potential energy because of its A. location. B. speed. C. acceleration. D. momentum. E. none of the above

location

When you can't escape being hit by a fast-moving object, you'll suffer a smaller force if the collision time is A. long. B. short. C. the same way either way

long

An object is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance, the time for its descent will be A. equal to the ascent time. B. longer than the ascent time. C. shorter than the ascent time. D. not enough information

longer than the ascent time.

Compared with falling on a wooden floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because of A. longer time to stop. B. lesser impulse in stopping. C. both of these D. none of the above

longer time to stop

From Earth, one satellite appears to overtake another. The faster satellite that is seen to overtake the other is A. lower. B. higher. C. can't say

lower

For the astronauts inside an orbiting space vehicle the force of gravity that acts on them is A. zero. B. mainly due to Earth below. C. mainly due to nearby planets and stars. D. mainly due to the mass of the space vehicle. E. none of the above

mainly due to Earth below.

Each of us weighs slightly less inside the ground floor of a skyscraper than we do on the ground away from the skyscraper because the A. mass of the building attracts us upward slightly. B. gravitational force is shielded inside the building. C. both of these D. none of the above

mass of the building attracts us upward slightly.

When a cannon fires a cannonball at a given speed, the smaller recoil speed of the cannon is due to differences in A. times. B. forces. C. momenta. D. masses.

masses

A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill the heavy truck has greater A. acceleration. B. momentum. C. speed. D. all of the above E. none of the above

momentum

An iron ball and wooden ball of the same size are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has a greater A. acceleration. B. momentum. C. speed. D. all of the above E. none of the above

momentum

An object in motion is an object that has A. momentum. B. impulse. C. acceleration. D. all of the above E. none of the above

momentum

You throw a golf ball at a massive bowling ball at rest and the golf ball bounces backward from it. After the bounce, compared with the golf ball, the bowling ball has more A. less momentum and less kinetic energy. B. momentum, but less kinetic energy. C. momentum and more kinetic energy. D. kinetic energy, but less momentum. E. not enough information

momentum, but less kinetic energy.

Why doesn't the Moon fall toward Earth like apples do? A. moon's small mass prevents falling B. moon does fall but due to its tangential motion it also falls around Earth C. moon does fall but its great distance keeps it from getting closer D. the great distance of the Moon prevents falling

moon does fall but due to its tangential motion it also falls around Earth

If there were no gravity, a cannonball fired upward at 45° would follow a straight-line path. Due to gravity, however, at the end of 3 s it is A. 5 m below the straight line. B. 10 m below the straight line. C. 15 m below the straight line. D. 20 m below the straight line. E. more than 20 m below the straight line.

more than 20 m below the straight line.

A lunar month is about 28 days. If the Moon were farther from Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be A. less than 28 days. B. about 28 days. C. more than 28 days.

more than 28 days.

A boulder is dropped onto mud and plows into it a certain distance. If it hits with three times as much speed, the distance it plows into the mud will likely be A. A. more than three times as deep. B. twice as deep. C. three times as deep. D. the same distance.

more than three times as deep.

According to Newton, the closer gravitationally interacting objects are to each other, the A. more the gravitational force between them. B. less the gravitational force between them. C. constancy of the force between them.

more the gravitational force between them.

A cat and a mouse run along a road with the same kinetic energy. The faster runner is the A. mouse. B. cat. C. both run at the same speed D. not enough information

mouse

A fan attached to an ice sailcraft stalled on a windless day blows air into the sail that bounces backward upon impact. The boat A. moves, but in the opposite direction of the wind impact force. B. does not move by this wind impact. C. moves in the direction of the wind impact force.

moves in the direction of the wind impact force

An object that has kinetic energy must be A. at an elevated position. B. moving. C. falling. D. at rest. E. none of the above

moving

At some point between Earth and the Moon, the forces due to gravity on a space traveler would be the same when this point is A. nearer the Moon. B. mid-way between Earth and the Moon. C. nearer Earth. D. none of the above

nearer the Moon.

An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels fastest when it is A. nearest the Earth. B. farthest from the Earth. C. neither of these

nearest the Earth.

The amount of gravitational force that acts on a space vehicle that orbits Earth is A. the same as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface. B. nearly as much as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface. C. nearly zero.

nearly as much as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface.

When Peter tosses an egg against a sagging sheet, the egg doesn't break due to A. reduced momentum. B. reduced impulse. C. both of these D. neither of these

neither of these

With no air resistance a projectile fired horizontally maintains its horizontal component of velocity because A. of no initial vertical component of velocity. B. no forces act on it. C. no horizontal forces act on it. D. all of the above E. none of the above

no horizontal forces act on it.

Although perpetual motion is the natural order of things in the universe A. no perpetual-motion device that multiplies energy exists. B. it follows that machines can operate and do work by perpetual motion. C. both of these are false statements

no perpetual-motion device that multiplies energy exists

A 0.5-kg blob of clay moving at 2.0 m/s slams into a 4.0-kg blob of clay at rest. The speed of the two blobs stuck together after colliding is about A. 1.1 m/s. B. 2.5 m/s. C. 1.5 m/s. D. none of the above

none of the above

A sandbag is motionless in outer space. A second sandbag with 3 times the mass moving at 12 m/s collides with it and they both stick together and move at a speed of A. 6 m/s. B. 8 m/s. C. 4 m/s. D. 3 m/s. E. none of the above

none of the above

A satellite in an elliptical orbit travels at constant A. speed. B. velocity. C. acceleration. D. all the above E. none of the above

none of the above

If the masses of two planets doubles and the distance between them also doubles, the force between them would be A. half as much. B. one-quarter. C. four times as much. D. twice as much. E. none of the above

none of the above

If the masses of two planets doubles and the distance between them reduces by half, the force between them would be A. twice as much. B. half as much. C. four times as much. D. unchanged. E. none of the above

none of the above

Hydrogen, like electricity, is A. not an energy source. B. an energy source. C. a source of both thermal and electric power.

not an energy source

A 1-N-falling apple hits the ground with a force of A. 4 N. B. 1 N. C. 2 N. D. 10 N. E. not enough information

not enough information

The power expended for a barbell raised 2.0 m in 2 s is A. 8 W. B. 4 W. C. 1 W. D. not enough information

not enough information

What holds Earth satellites up so they don't crash into Earth? A. gravity B. the absence of air resistance C. centripetal force D. centrifugal force E. nothing, they continually fall fast enough around Earth not to crash

nothing, they continually fall fast enough around Earth not to crash

Work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls A. on a sloped surface. B. along a horizontal surface. C. both of these D. none of the above

on a sloped surface.

If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work A. at all. B. on the wall. C. both of these D. none of the above

on the wall

A block of ice sliding down an incline has one-quarter its maximum potential energy A. three-quarters the way down. B. one-quarter from the top. C. one-quarter from the bottom. D. need more information

one-quarter from the bottom

Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky because these satellites are A. stationary in space. B. orbiting Earth with a 24-hour period. C. beyond the pull of Earth's gravitational field. D. moving at a speed just short of escape velocity. E. none of the above

orbiting Earth with a 24-hour period.

The tangential velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity A. perpendicular to the surface of Earth. B. attributed to satellites moving in any direction. C. parallel to the surface of Earth

parallel to the surface of Earth

Gravitational force is greater for a satellite in elliptical orbit when it is at the A. perigee (closest point). B. zenith. C. apogee (farthest point). D. same acceleration at all of the above places.

perigee (closest point).

The force of gravity on a bowling ball rolling along a horizontal surface doesn't change its speed because the force is A. canceled by the normal force. B. canceled by friction. C. perpendicular to its direction of motion. D. small compared to the ball's weight.

perpendicular to its direction of motion.

The force of gravity on a satellite in circular orbit doesn't change its speed because the force is A. small compared to other forces on it. B. very weak due to altitude. C. perpendicular to its direction of motion. D. canceled by centrifugal force.

perpendicular to its direction of motion.

The radial velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity A. attributed to satellites moving in any direction. B. perpendicular to the surface of Earth. C. parallel to the surface of Earth. D. none of the above

perpendicular to the surface of Earth.

The order in which solar energy is converted to the kinetic energy of an automobile is A. photocells, electrolysis, fuels cells, motor, kinetic energy. B. electrolysis, fuel cells, photocells, motor, kinetic energy. C. photocells, electrolysis, motor, fuel cells, kinetic energy.

photocells, electrolysis, fuels cells, motor, kinetic energy

The fastest moving planet in a solar system is the A. planet farthest from the Sun. B. planet nearest the Sun. C. smallest planet. D. most massive planet. E. none of the above

planet nearest the Sun.

The force of gravity acts on all apples on an apple tree. Some apples are twice as far from the ground. Such twice-as-high apples of the same mass, have A. 1/2 the weight. B. 1/4 the weight. C. practically the same weight.

practically the same weight.

The exhaust product from a hydrogen fuel cell is A. nitric acid. B. methane. C. carbon dioxide. D. pure water.

pure water

The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's A. radial distance. B. weight. C. mass. D. all the above E. none of the above

radial distance.

The source of Earth's internal energy involves A. potential energy. B. radioactivity. C. the Sun. D. kinetic energy.

radioactivity

Consider a gun with a pellet that is more massive than the gun. The firing speed is greater for the A. recoiling gun. B. pellet. C. both are the same D. none of the above

recoiling gun

As a bowling ball that rolls off the edge of a table falls, its horizontal component of motion A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains constant.

remains constant.

A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its horizontal component of velocity A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains unchanged.

remains unchanged.

A projectile that is fired vertically at 5 km/s from the Earth's surface will A. rise and fall back to Earth's surface. B. go into a circular orbit about Earth. C. go into an elliptical orbit about Earth. D. none of the above

rise and fall back to Earth's surface.

A projectile that is fired vertically at 8 km/s from Earth's surface will A. go into circular orbit about Earth. B. escape from Earth. C. follow an uncertain path. D. rise and fall back to Earth's surface.

rise and fall back to Earth's surface.

Weight can be simulated in a space vehicle if the vehicle is A. in a circular orbit about Earth. B. falling. C. rotating. D. none of the above

rotating.

When wind encounters a wind turbine that produces energy, wind speed on the downside of the blades is A. speeded up. B. slowed. C. not affected.

slowed

Which requires more work on the brakes of a car? A. slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h B. slowing down from 70 km/h to a stop C. equal amounts of work for either

slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h

The ultimate source of energy from fossil fuels is the A. radioactivity in Earth's interior. B. Sun. C. natural processes in Earth's interior. D. photosynthesis process.

sun

Newton discovered A. gravity. B. that gravity is universal. C. neither of these

that gravity is universal.

The Moon does not crash into Earth because A. the gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up. B. Earth's gravitational field is weak at the Moon's distance. C. the Moon has a sufficient tangential speed. D. the Moon has less mass than Earth. E. none of the above

the Moon has a sufficient tangential speed.

Escape speed for a rocket is less from A. the Moon. B. Earth. C. the Sun. D. same for each

the Moon.

Escape speed for a rocket is greatest from A. Earth. B. the Sun. C. the Moon. D. same for each

the Sun

This chapter states a link between Newton's Universal Law of Gravity and A. biological processes. B. geological processes. C. chemical processes. D. the U.S. Constitution. E. none of the above

the U.S. Constitution.

Occupants of the International Space Station experience weightlessness due to A. rotation of the station. B. no inertia in space. C. the absence of a support force. D. the absence of Earth gravity at that altitude.

the absence of a support force.

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at A. three-quarters of the way down. B. half-way down. C. the top. D. the bottom.

the bottom

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to A. the force multiplied by the distance the force acts. B. momentum. C. the change in momentum. D. all of the above E. none of the above

the change in momentum

A hunter aims a rifle at an angle of 10° above the horizontal. The hunter fires a bullet while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. The bullet to hit the ground first is A. the dropped one. B. the fired one. C. both hit at the same time

the dropped one.

A hunter aims a rifle at an angle of 10° below the horizontal. The hunter fires a bullet while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. The bullet to hit the ground first is A. the dropped one. B. the fired one. C. both hit at the same time

the fired one

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because A. the force on the ball is at right angles to its motion. B. no force acts on the ball. C. its kinetic energy may vary. D. no distance is covered by the ball. E. no potential energy converts to kinetic energy.

the force on the ball is at right angles to its motion.

Planets wobble in their orbits due to A. uncertainties in the inverse-square law. B. the gravitational attraction to other planets. C. elliptical-orbit quirks. D. all of the above E. none of the above

the gravitational attraction to other planets.

A 50-kg sack is lifted 2 m in the same time as a 25-kg sack is lifted 4 m. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack compared to the power used to lift the 25-kg sack is A. half as much. B. twice as much. C. the same.

the same

After a stone that is thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls downward, its acceleration is A. less than at the top of its path. B. greater than at the top of its path. C. the same as at the top of its path.

the same as at the top of its path.

After rolling half-way down an incline, a marble's kinetic energy is A. greater than its potential energy. B. the same as its potential energy. C. less than its potential energy.

the same as its potential energy

Just after a big fish swallows a small fish, the momentum of the two-fish system is A. somewhat less after lunch. B. greater after lunch than before. C. the same before and after lunch.

the same before and after lunch.

A karate expert executes a swift blow and breaks a cement block with her bare hand. The magnitude of the force on her hand is A. zero. B. more than the force applied to the block. C. the same as the force applied to the block. D. less than the force applied to the cement block. E. need more information

the same force as the force applied to the block

Compared to the speed a satellite loses when traveling from nearest to farthest points from Earth, the speed gained when returning from farthest to nearest is A. more. B. less. C. the same.

the same.

When a boxer is moving away from a punch, the force experienced is reduced because A. momentum transfer is reduced. B. the force is less effective. C. the time of contact is increased. D. all of the above

the time of contact is increased.

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at A. the top. B. the bottom. C. half-way down. D. a quarter of the way down.

the top

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, which component of velocity changes with time? A. the vertical component B. the horizontal component C. both of these D. neither of these

the vertical component

The speeds of the planets about the Sun depend on A. the masses of the planets. B. their distances from the Sun. C. both of these D. none of the above

their distances from the Sun.

Planets would crash into the Sun if it weren't for A. the inverse-square law. B. their relatively small masses. C. the fact that they are beyond the main gravitation of the Sun. D. their tangential velocities. E. their vast distances from the Sun.

their tangential velocities.

The conservation of momentum is most closely related to Newton's A. first law. B. second law. C. third law.

third law

You do work on a cart loaded with groceries. If you do this work in one-third the usual time, you expend A. one third as much power. B. three times the usual power. C. the usual power. D. need more information.

three times the usual power

To catch a fast-moving softball with your bare hand, you extend your hand forward just before the catch and then let the ball ride backward with your hand. Doing this reduces the catching force because the A. relative velocity is more. B. relative velocity is less. C. time of catch is increased. D. time of the catch is decreased. E. none of the above

time of catch is increased

The distinction between impulse and force involves the A. time the force acts. B. mass and its effect on resisting a change in momentum. C. distance the force acts. D. difference between acceleration and velocity.

time the force acts

Strictly speaking, if any electrical device in an automobile is turned on (such as an air conditioner or even headlights), more fuel is consumed by the engine. This statement is A. true only if the engine is running. B. true. C. sometimes true, sometimes false. D. always false.

true

When a hydraulic press is properly used it is capable of multiplying force input. A. true B. false C. true only in special cases, energy as well

true

If you do work on an object in half the time, your power output is A. twice. B. the same. C. half.

twice

An object lifted 10 m gains a certain amount of potential energy. If it is lifted 20 m, its gain in potential energy is A. more than four times as much. B. twice as much. C. the same. D. four times as much. E. less.

twice as much

A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same vertical distance in a service station. Raising the more massive car requires A. less work. B. more than four times as much work. C. twice as much work. D. as much work. E. four times as much work.

twice as much work

If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do A. the same amount of work. B. four times as much work. C. twice as much work.

twice as much work

When you push an object a certain distance while applying twice the force, you do A. the same amount of work. B. four times as much work. C. twice as much work.

twice as much work

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the mass of one planet is doubled, and the distance between them doesn't change, then the force between them is A. half as much. B. one-quarter. C. four times as much. D. twice as much. E. none of the above

twice as much.

When you ride your scooter you have momentum. When you ride twice as fast you have A. four times the momentum. B. twice the momentum. C. almost twice the momentum. D. none of the above

twice the momentum

A blob of material in outer space moves at 3 m/s when it collides and sticks to a half-as-massive blob initially at rest. Compared with the initial kinetic energy of the 3-m/s blob, the kinetic energy of the coupled blobs is A. one-third. B. three-quarters. C. two-thirds. D. not enough information

two-thirds

Compared to other fundamental forces, the Universal Gravitational Constant G indicates gravity to be a relatively A. strong force. B. extremely strong force. C. weak force.

weak force.

Inside a freely-falling elevator your A. gravitational interaction with Earth is zero. B. acceleration is zero. C. weight is zero. D. all the above E. none of the above

weight is zero.

Inside a freely-falling elevator you would have no A. gravitational force on you. B. weight. C. both of these D. none of the above

weight.

Strictly speaking, when you step off a curb you are momentarily A. in orbit. B. in space. C. weightless.

weightless.

An airplane flying overhead drops a care package directly over Mike at rest in his Corvette. Neglecting air resistance, the package will land A. upon Mike and his Corvette. B. well ahead of Mike and his Corvette. C. behind Mike.

well ahead of Mike and his Corvette.

A "weightless" astronaut in an orbiting space vehicle is A. without a support force. B. beyond the pull of gravity. C. shielded from Earth's gravitational effects. D. all of the above E. none of the above

without a support force.

Passengers in a high-flying jumbo jet feel their normal weight in flight, whereas passengers in an orbiting space vehicle do not because they are A. above the Earth's atmosphere. B. beyond the main pull of Earth's gravity. C. without support forces. D. all the above E. none of the above

without support forces.

Power is defined as the A. work done multiplied by the time to do the work. B. work done divided by the time to do the work. C. force exerted multiplied by the distance moved. D. force exerted divided by the time of exertion. E. none of the above

work done divided by the time to do the work.

Your weight is defined to be the force A. equal to your normal force on any surface. B. due to gravity only. C. you exert against a supporting surface.

you exert against a supporting surface.

Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on a skateboard. If instead we go through the throwing motion but hold onto the ball, without friction effects our net recoil will be A. the same as before. B. zero. C. small, but noticeable.

zero