Physical Science Chapter 3

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for the neutral copper isotope 65/29 Cu

29 protons, 36 neutrons, and 29 electrons

What is a way an ion cannot be formed?

An atom can lose a neutron

Is atomic mass, atomic number, mass number, or none of the above a weighted average?

Atomic mass

A chromium atom has twenty-four protons, twenty-eight neutrons, and twenty-four electrons. What is this atom's atomic number and mass number?

Atomic number= 24. Mass number= 52

If current models have shown the Bohr model of the atom to be inaccurate, why is the Bohr model of the atom still used today?

Because it is simple and easy to understand.

An ion that has more protons than electrons is called a ___________

Cation

Who thought of indivisible "atomos"?

Democritus

Who developed the nuclear model?

Earnest Rutherford

This subatomic particle is the smallest of the three subatomic particles.

Electron

True or False: An anion has a negative charge because it has lost an electron.

False

True or False: Aristotle first called the particles atomos, from which we get the word atom

False

True or False: Current atomic models show that electrons travel in distinct, spherical orbits around the nucleus.

False

True or False: Scientists currently hold to the quantum-mechanical model because it is able to pinpoint the locations of an atom's electrons.

False

Who developed the Saturnian model?

Hantaro Nagaoka

What does the 2- indicate in the oxygen ion O 2-

It has 2 extra electrons/ -2 charge

The Bohr model is still a widespread model not because...

It is still the most workable model to date

Who developed the plum pudding model?

J.J Thomson

Who first suggested that elements are made of atoms and that the atoms of an element are all alike?

John Dalton

This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus and has no electrical charge.

Neutron

This subatomic particle is the most massive of the three subatomic particles.

Neutron

Who believed that electrons move through spherical regions located a fixed distance from the nucleus?

Niels Bohr

The law of electrostatic charges states that____________________

Opposite electric charges attract each other and like electric charges repel each other.

One isotope of Phosphorus has fifteen protons and eighteen neutrons. What is the name of this isotope?

P-33

What is J.J Thomson's atomic model called?

Plum pudding model

The quantity of this subatomic particle in an atom of a substance determines the atom's identity.

Proton

This subatomic particle has a charge of +1e

Proton

Potassium- 39 and Potassium-41 have the same number of_______________

Protons

Silicon has three stable isotopes: Silicon-28, Silicon 29, and Silicon-30. Silicon's atomic mass is 28.085 u. Which isotope of Silicon is more common? Why?

Silicon-28. The atomic mass is closest to this isotope.

What observation did not lead Rutherford to believe that most of the atom's mass and positive charges were densely packed into a very small space?

Some alpha particles emitted photons as they fell back to their original energy levels.

Describe the plum pudding model

The plum pudding model consisted of the pudding as the nucleus/positively charged substance, with the chunks of fruit as the electrons/negatively charged chunks embedded in the positively charged substance.

True or False: John Dalton proposed that atoms are hard spheres of different sizes and masses

True

True or False: John Dalton thought that atoms are indivisible and cannot be destroyed.

True

True or False: Most of an atom consists of empty space.

True

True or False: Quantum mechanics deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.

True

True or False: The quantum- mechanical model is the primary model used by scientists today.

True

How do you represent an atom that has lost/gained an electron?

You put a small + or - on the top right corner of the letter of the element, because when an atom loses/gains an electron, it creates a positive/negative charge, as there are more/less protons than electrons.

How would you write isotope notation?

You put the letter of the element in the middle with the atomic number on the top left and the atomic mass on the bottom left.

Describe two ways that an atom can become an ion. What are each of these ions called and what type of charge does each one have?

You take or add electrons. Cations are positive and anions are negative.

Experiments involving _____________ led to the discovery of the cathode ray.

alpha particles and gold foil

What atomic measurement is not typically represented with whole numbers?

atomic mass

The unique number of protons in the atoms of an element is that element's ____________

atomic number

J.J Thomson discovered the existence of the ________________

electron

Democritus suggested that matter_______________

existed in the form of very small, indivisible particles.

Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called _______________

isotopes

Carbon-14 is different from Carbon-12 in that is has a different amount of _____________

neutrons

The Bohr model show that electrons move...

only in distinct, spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.

The _________ is about 1836 times of an electron. The slightly more massive _____________ is about 1838 times the mass of an electron.

proton; neutron