Physical Science EOC review 2016

Which of the following are transferred or shared when two atoms react chemically? A. protons B. neutrons C. electrons D. photons

. C) electrons

Which subatomic particles are negatively charged? A. protons only B. neutrons only C. electrons only D. both neutrons and electrons

. C) electrons only

The alkali metals are located in which group of the periodic table? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

A) 1

Which of these belongs in the outermost shell (energy level) of an atom? A. Electrons B. Protons C. Neutrons D. Photons

A) Electrons

Which of these statements is true? A. Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. B. Nonmetals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. C. Metalloids do not form compounds readily. D. Gases share electrons and form positive ions.

A) Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions

Which of the following occurs when a rigid container of gas is heated? A. The pressure inside the container increases. B. The pressure inside the container decreases. C. The pressure inside the container stays the same. D. The pressure inside the container changes the composition of the gas

A) The pressure inside the container increases

Which of the following is a chemical change? A. Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. B. Water droplets collect on the outside of a glass filled with ice. C. A boiling pot of water produces steam. D. Water is frozen into ice.

A) Water is decomposed into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.

The smallest particle that maintains the chemical properties of a compound is A. a molecule. B. an isotope. C. a proton. D. an atom.

A) a molecule

The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is formed by A. a proton. B. an electron. C. a proton and an ion. D. a neutron and an electron

A) a proton

What is the name for the time required to change a part of a radioactive element to a stable element? A. half life B. time span C. development period D. effective chemical life

A) half life

Sodium becomes positively charged when it combines with chlorine because sodium A. loses one electron. B. gains one electron. C. forms a covalent bond. D. has more electrons than protons

A) loses one electron

Isotopes of elements are identified by differences in their A. mass number. B. electron count. C. atomic number. D. negative charges

A) mass number

As you move from left to right across the periodic table, characteristics of the elements change as well. Which is the correct sequence, moving from left to right? A. metal - metalloid - nonmetal B. metal - nonmetal - metalloid C. metalloid - metal - nonmetal D. nonmetal - metalloid - metal

A) metal - metalloid - nonmetal

The atomic weight of an element most nearly reflects the atom's total number of A. protons and neutrons. B. protons and electrons. C. electrons and neutrons. D. protons only

A) protons and neutrons

As a substance changes from a liquid to a solid A. the average kinetic energy decreases. B. the average kinetic energy increases. C. the potential energy decreases. D. the temperature increases

A) the average kinetic energy decreases.

Water has a natural tendency to dissociate, producing a small number of hydroxide ions (OH-) and A. positive hydrogen ions. B. negative hydrogen ions. C. positive oxygen ions. D. negative oxygen ions.

A. positive hydrogen ions

As you move from left to right across a row of elements in the periodic table, what happens to the number of neutrons in a typical atom? A. It stays the same. B. It increases. C. It decreases. D. It decreases until you reach the middle and then it increases

B) It increases

An electrically neutral atom of sodium has 11 protons. Based on this information, what else can we say about an atom of sodium? A. Sodium has 11 protons and 11 neutrons. B. Sodium has 11 electrons. C. Sodium has 11 neutrons. D. The atomic mass number is 11.

B) Sodium has 11 electrons

If the volume of a hot air balloon remains constant, what happens as the temperature of the air inside the balloon increases? A. The pressure inside the balloon decreases. B. The pressure inside the balloon increases. C. The kinetic energy of the air inside decreases D. The attractive force between the air particles inside increases

B) The pressure inside the balloon increases

Which of the following describes a particle that contains 36 electrons, 49 neutrons, and 38 protons? A. an ion with a charge of 2- B. an ion with a charge of 2+ C. an atom with a mass of 38 amu D. an atom with a mass of 49 amu

B) an ion with a charge of 2+

Which of the following most accurately defines chemical energy? A. energy stored as attraction between protons and electrons B. energy stored in bonds between atoms C. energy stored as accumulations or deficiencies of electrons D. energy stored in the nuclei of more than one atom

B) energy stored in bonds between atoms

The process in which a liquid changes to gas is called A. condensation. B. evaporation. C. freezing. D. precipitation.

B) evaporation

The process which changes water into a vapor or gas is called A. condensation. B. evaporation. C. precipitation. D. sublimation

B) evaporation

A chemical change occurs when a substance A. changes state. B. gains or loses electrons. C. reaches its boiling point. D. is ground into a powder.

B) gains or loses electrons

In a restaurant kitchen, lamps are used to keep food warm. Which type of electromagnetic radiation do the lamps emit that is primarily responsible for keeping the food warm? A. gamma B. infrared C. ultraviolet D. visible

B) infrared

According to Boyle's law, the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature is — A. numerically equivalent. B. inversely proportional. C. positively correlated. D. totally unrelated.

B) inversely proportional

Which of the following gives an atom's mass number? A. number of neutrons B. number of neutrons + number of protons C. number of protons + number of electrons D. number of protons + number of neutrons + number of electrons

B) number of neutrons + number of protons

The mass of an electron is A. equal to the proton mass plus the neutron mass. B. the smallest of the three major particles. C. the same as the mass of the proton. D. the same as the mass of the atom.

B) the smallest of the three major particles

Why do noble gases almost never form chemical bonds? A. It is difficult for gases to form bonds. B. They have filled outer valence shells. C. They have very small atomic radii. D. They are very rare

B. They have filled outer valence shells.

Elements from which two groups in the periodic table would most likely combine with each other to form an ionic compound? A. 1 and 2 B. 16 and 17 C. 1 and 17 D. 17 and 18

C) 1 and 17

A neutral atom of aluminum-27 contains — A. 13 protons and 27 electrons. B. 14 protons and 13 neutrons. C. 13 electrons, 13 protons, and 14 neutrons. D. 13 electrons, 14 protons, and 13 neutrons.

C) 13 electrons, 13 protons, and 14 neutrons.

The total number of electrons that can be held in the second energy level of an atom is A. 2. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10

C) 8

Which of the following properties decreases from left to right across a period? A. Atomic number B. Electronegativity C. Atomic radius

C) Atomic radius

Block X and Block Y have the same mass. Both blocks are placed into a container of pure water. Block X floats in the water, and Block Y sinks to the bottom of the container. Which of the following statements is an accurate conclusion from this demonstration? A. Block Y is heavier than Block X. B. Block Y is less dense than Block X. C. Block Y has a smaller volume than Block X. D. Block Y would float if more water were added.

C) Block Y has a smaller volume than Block X

An atom containing only a single proton and no electrons is A. an anion. B. a noble gas. C. a form of hydrogen. D. a radioactive metal.

C) a form of hydrogen

When referring to the element phosphorus on the periodic table, the number 15 is the A. energy level. B. atomic weight. C. atomic number. D. number of atoms.

C) atomic number

Mixing an acidic solution with marble chips causes bubbles of carbon dioxide gas to form. Which of the following accurately describes this change? A. phase change B. physical change C. chemical change D. radioactive change

C) chemical change

Atoms of the same element must — A. contain the same number of neutrons. B. have the same mass number. C. contain the same number of protons. D. have equal numbers of protons and neutrons

C) contain the same number of protons.

The chemical activity of an atom depends mostly on its A. protons only. B. neutrons only. C. electrons. D. protons and neutrons.

C) electrons

Which atomic particles are charged? A. only electrons B. electrons and neutrons C. electrons and protons D. electrons, neutrons, and protons

C) electrons and protons

Which of the following is the same for both hydrogen and potassium? A. atomic mass B. total mass of neutrons C. number of valence electrons D. number of filled energy levels

C) number of valence electrons

In chemical compounds, covalent bonds form when — A. the electronegativity difference between two atoms is very large. B. electrons are completely transferred between two metals. C. pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms. D. two nonmetal ions are attracted to each other by opposite charges.

C) pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms

Hydrogen and helium are members of A. group 1. B. group 2. C. period 1. D. period 18.

C) period 1

Isotopes of an element have A. a different number of protons and neutrons. B. the same number of protons and neutrons, but no electrons. C. the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. D. the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons.

C) the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Which of the following do protons and electrons have in common? A. their location in an atom B. the sign of their charge C. the size of their charge D. their mass

C) the size of their charge

One property of an electron is A. a net charge of 0. B. a charge of +1. C. a charge of -1. D. an atomic mass of -1.

C. a charge of -1.

The formation of water droplets on the inside of a window pane during a cold night is an example of A. dehydration. B. sublimation. C. condensation. D. fermentation

C. condensation

Of the particles listed, which is the smallest unit of water that has all of the properties of water? A. proton B. atom C. molecule D. mixture

C. molecule

Different isotopes indicate that an element will have different numbers of A. atoms. B. protons. C. neutrons. D. electrons

C. neutrons

Which of the following accurately compares melting and sublimation? A. Only one is a physical change. B. Only one involves a loss of mass. C. Both are chemical changes. D. Both are phase changes of a solid

D) Both are phase changes of a solid

What is the main problem in developing nuclear fusion as an efficient source of energy? A. The fuel needed is too expensive at this time. B. Dangerous gamma and neutron rays are given off. C. The energy produced is equal to the energy needed to create the reaction. D. Extremely high temperatures and pressures are needed, requiring a container of great strength

D) Extremely high temperatures and pressures are needed, requiring a container of great strength

Which is a property of an electron? A. It has the same mass as a proton. B. It is found in the nucleus of an atom. C. It has the same charge as a proton. D. It has much less mass than a neutron

D) It has much less mass than a neutron

Which statement best describes the elements in the Noble gas family? A. Noble gases are highly flammable. B. Noble gases combine readily with reactive metals. C. Noble gases react with oxygen to form gaseous molecules in the ozone. D. Noble gases are nonreactive and have a valence number of "0".

D) Noble gases are nonreactive and have a valence number of "0

Atoms of N and P each have 5 electrons in their outer shells. What else must these two elements have in common? A. They must be in the same period. B. They must have the same atomic mass. C. They must have the same total number of electron shells. D. They must be found in the same group in the periodic table

D) They must be found in the same group in the periodic table

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called A. acids. B. bases. C. gases. D. isotopes.

D) isotopes

Three atoms combine to form a single unit of a larger substance. This is a A. nucleus. B. mixture. C. solution. D. molecule

D) molecule

Isotopes of an element differ in the number of A. valence electrons. B. electrons in the nucleus. C. protons in the nucleus. D. neutrons in the nucleus

D) neutrons in the nucleus

Carolyn was walking on the sidewalk in front of a store and had to step over a melting ice cream cone. What type of change was the ice cream undergoing? A. chemical B. molecular C. organic D. phase

D) phase

Which of the following is a physical change? A. combustion B. electrolysis C. fermentation D. sublimation

D) sublimation

The atomic mass number of an element equals the A. number of protons or electrons. B. sum of the protons plus electrons. C. number of protons or electrons. D. sum of the protons plus neutrons

D) sum of the protons plus neutrons

The noble gases are unlikely to react with other elements because the outer electron shell of most noble gases A. has two electrons. B. has four electrons. C. is incomplete. D. is full.

D. is full.