Physical Science Exam 4 Practice

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The alkali metals (group 1) tend to form 1+ ions while the alkali earth metals (group 2) tend to form 2+ ions because

The charges of these ions corresponds to the number of valence electrons that may be lost

How does an electron get from one lobe of a p orbital to the other?

The electron actually exists in both lobes at the same time

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle. True or False?

True

An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits

a beta particle

how might the spectrum of an atom appear if its electrons were not restricted to particular energy levels?

a broad spectrum of all colors would be observed

The milky way is

a spiral galaxy

the milky way is

a spiral galaxy

Which experiences the greatest electrical force in an electric field, electron, gamma ray, beta particle, a alpha particle, or all experience the same force?

alpha particle

an atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion

In which city is Polaris highest in the sky: -singapore -denver -mexico city -anchorage -all the same, depending on the time of night

anchorage

If a alpha and beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate farthest in an object

beta particle

the masses of stars are found by measurements of

binaries

The H-R Diagram, an important tool of astronomers, relates stellar temperature to stellar

brightness

when a nucleus admits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains constant

The temperature of a star is evidenced by its

color

Energy released by the sun results from the process wherein automatic nuclei

combine

Thermonuclear fusion occurs mainly in the

cores of stars

most of the stars in colliding galaxies a) do not make contact with one another b) undergo accelerated collapse c)coalesce into larger stars d) end up as binaries

do not make contact with one another

The volume of matter comes mostly from its

electrons

Compared to most stellar objects, quasars are more

energetic, distant and puzzling

The number of elements in a period is

equal to the electron capacity of the shells

Which experiences the least electrical force (zero force) in an electric field?

gamma ray

which radiation has no electrical charge associated with it?

gamma rays

The reason plutonium is not found in any appreciable amounts in natural ore deposits is because it

has a short half-life

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus the result is

helium

The longest living stars are those of

high mass

The most abundant element in the universe is

hydrogen

Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute nuclear

instability

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

instability

generally speaking, the larger the nucleus is, the greater its

instability

In both fission and fusion, mass

is changed to the form of kinetic energy

in both fission and fusion, mass

is changed to the form of kinetic energy

AN electron in a 7s orbital has more energy than one in a 1s orbital because

its principle quantum number is higher

Compared to the sum of the masses of all the individual nucleons in their separate states that make up a nucleus, the mass of the composite nucleus is

less

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

mass and charge

Compared to a neutron bouncing off a carbon nucleus, a neutron bouncing off a hydrogen nucleus loses

more speed

When a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has appreciably less

neither mass nor charge

Which is electrically neutral? neutron, electron, proton

neutron

Dif isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

If the sun collapsed to become a black hole, the earth's gravitational attraction to it would be

no different

Compared to protons, the reason neutrons are effective nuclear bullets in nuclear reactions is because a neutron has, more penetrating power than a proton, or more mass than a proton, or a wider cross section than a proton?

none of these

When thorium (A = 90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number 88, 89, 90, or 92?

none of these

The mass of a nucleus is exactly equal to the sum of the masses of it's individual

nucleons, neutrons or protons? none of these

The nucleon has more mass when it is

outside the nucleus

The distances of stars is found by

parallax

the atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons

the weight of matter comes mostly from its

protons and neutrons

electrical forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

After our sun burns it's supply of hydrogen, it will become a

red giant

when a star collapses to become a black hole its mass

remains unchanged

artificially induced radioactive elements generally have

short half lives

A pulsar is likely a

spinning neutron star

The half-life of a radioactive substance is independent of

the age of the substance, the number (if large enough) of atoms in the substance, the temperature of the substance and whether the substance exists in an elementary state or in a compound

Summer and winter constellations are different because

the night sky faces in different directions in summer and winter

Polaris is always directly overhead

the north pole

what makes an element distinct

the number of protons

A black hole is

the remains of a giant collapsed star

Suppose a hydrogen bomb were exploded in a box that could contain all the energy released by the explosion. Compared to the weight of the box before the explosions, the weight of the box after the explosion would be

the same

it is relatively easy to pull an electron away from a potassium atom, but very difficult to remove a second one because

the second electron experiences a far greater nuclear charge

the star nearest the earth is

the sun

How many different elements are in a water molecule

two-hydrogen and oxygen

A sample of relatively active radioactive material is somewhat

warmer than the enviroment

A certain radioactive isotope placed near a Geiger counter registers 120 counts per minute. If the half life of the isotope is one day, what will the count rate be at the end of four days?

7.5 counts/min

Compared to the mass of a H atom, the mass of a an O atom is

8 times greater

When U-239 emits a beta particle, the nucleus left behind has

93 protons

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

Atomic masses are an average of an elements isotopes

Evidence for the existence of neutrons did not come until many years after the discoveries of elecctrons and protons. why?

Because the nuetron lacks an electrical charge

Which color of light comes from the higher energy transition, red or blue?

Blue is higher freq, corresponds to higher energy level transition

Which force determines the chemical properties of an atom?

Electrical force

Uranium-235, U-238, U-239 are different

Isotopes- same # protons but dif # nuetrons

How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?

One electron can be boosted to many dif energy levels


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