Physical Science Test #2 (ch. 4,6,7,8,9)

At temperatures above freezing, the evaporation rate can equal the condensation rate only at... very high air temperatures. mild temperatures. low temperatures. any temperature.

any temperature.

The lines of color in a line spectrum from a given element... A. change colors with changes in the temperature. B. are always the same, with a regular spacing pattern. C. are randomly spaced, having no particular pattern. D. have the same colors, with a spacing pattern that varies with the temperature.

are always the same, with a regular spacing pattern.

Transition elements... A. are metals. B. belong to the B group. C. have variable charges. D. All of the above are correct.

are metals, belong to the B group, have variable charges, (all of above)

In an electric current, the electrons are moving... A. at a very slow rate. B. at the speed of light. C. faster than the speed of light. D. at a speed described as supersonic.

at a very slow rate.

The smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other elements is a (an)... nucleus. atom. molecule. proton.

atom

All neutral atoms of an element have the same... atomic number. number of electrons. number of protons. All of the above are correct.

atomic number, number of electrons, number of protons (all of above)

If you want to know the number of protons in an atom of a given element, you look up the... A. mass number. B. atomic number. C. atomic weight. D. abundance of isotopes compared to the mass number.

atomic number.

A piece of iron can be magnetized or unmagnetized. This is explained by the idea that.... A. electrons in iron atoms are spinning and have magnetic fields around them. B. atoms of iron are grouped into tiny magnetic domains that may orient themselves in a particular direction or in a random direction. C. unmagnetized iron atoms can be magnetized by an external magnetic field. D. the north and south poles of iron can be segregated by the application of an external magnetic field

atoms of iron are grouped into tiny magnetic domains that may orient themselves in a particular direction or in a random direction.

The temperature of a gas is proportional to the... average velocity of the gas molecules. internal potential energy of the gas. number of gas molecules in a sample. average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

Which of the following is an example of a monatomic molecule? O2 N2 Ar O3

Ar

What is the chemical formula if there are two bromide ions for each barium ion in a compound? 2Br1Ba Ba2Br BaBr2 None of the above is correct.

BaBr2

Electromagnetic radiation is given off from matter at any temperature. This radiation is called... luminous. blackbody radiation. incandescent. bioluminous radiation.

Blackbody Radiation

Which of the following is not an example of a chemical reaction? Blending of a vanilla milkshake Growing tomatoes Burning logs in the fireplace Digesting your dinner

Blending of a vanilla milkshake

Polar covalent bonds result when the electronegativity difference between the two atoms in the bond is... 1.7 and greater. between 0.5 and 1.7. less than 0.5. equal to 0.

between 0.5 and 1.7.

Cooking pans made from which of the following metals would need less heat to achieve a certain cooking temperature? Aluminum (specific heat 0.22 kcal/kgC°) Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°) Iron (specific heat 0.11 kcal/kgC°)

Copper (specific heat 0.093 kcal/kgC°)

the unit of electric charge is the... A. volt. B. amp. C. coulomb. D. watt.

Coulomb

The law that predicts the behavior of electrostatic forces acting through space is... A. the law of universal gravitation. B. Watt's law. C. Coulomb's law. D. Ohm's law.

Coulomb's Law

One element is in the VA family of the periodic table, and a second is in the VIA family. What type of compound will these two elements form? A. Ionic B. Covalent C. They will not form a compound. D. More information is needed to answer this question.

Covalent

Which type of chemical bond is formed between two atoms by the sharing of two electrons, with one electron from each atom? Ionic Covalent Metallic All of the above are correct.

Covalent

Which variable is inversely proportional to the resistance? A. Length of conductor B. Cross-sectional area of conductor C. Temperature of conductor D. Conductor material

Cross-sectional area of conductor

The element chlorine belongs to which group? Alkali metals Lanthanides Halogens Noble gases

Halogens

What types of compounds are salts, such as sodium chloride? Ionic compounds Covalent compounds Polar compounds All of the above are correct.

Ionic compounds

According to Ohm's law, what must be greater to maintain the same current in a conductor with more resistance? -voltage -current -temperature -cross-sectional area

Voltage

Suppose ammonia is spilled in the back of a large room. If there were no air currents, how would the room temperature influence how fast you would smell ammonia at the opposite side of the room? Warmer is faster. Cooler is faster. There would be no influence.

Warmer is faster.

Units of joules per second are a measure called a (an) volt. amp. ohm. watt.

Watt

An idealized material that absorbs and perfectly emits electromagnetic radiation is a (an)... star. blackbody. electromagnetic wave. photon.

blackbody

A photon of which of the following has the most energy? Red light Orange light Green light Blue light

blue light

A lodestone is a natural magnet that attracts

(Iron, cobalt, nickel) all of above

What is the formula for the sulfate ion? (HSO4)− (SO4)2− S2− (SO3)2−

(SO4)2−

An atom of an element in family VIA will have what charge when it is ionized? +1 −1 +2 −2

-2

An inorganic compound made of only two different elements has a systematic name that always ends with the suffix... -ite. -ate. -ide. -ous.

-ide

An atom has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons, so the isotope symbol is... A. 18/12Mg B. 12/12Mg C. 12/6 C D. 18/6C

12/6 C

The temperature known as room temperature is nearest to... 0°C. 20°C. 60°C. 100°C.

20°C

Using the Kelvin temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as... 0 K. 0°K. 273 K. 273°K.

273 K

An electron in the second main energy level and the second sublevel is described by the symbols... 1s. 2s. 1p. 2p.

2p

How many valence electrons does the element nitrogen (N) have? 3 7 5 14

5

Which of the following contains the most heat? A bucket of water at 0°C. A barrel of water at 0°C. Neither contains any heat since the temperature is zero. Both have the same amount of heat.

A barrel of water at 0°C.

A current-carrying wire has a magnetic field around it because... A. a moving charge produces a magnetic field of its own. B. the current aligns the magnetic domains in the metal of the wire. C. the metal was magnetic before the current was established, and the current enhanced the magnetic effect. D. None of the above is correct.

A moving charge produces magnetic field of its own

The specific heat of copper is roughly three times as great as the specific heat of gold. Which of the following is true for equal masses of copper and gold? A. If the same amount of heat is applied, the copper will become hotter. B. Copper heats up three times as fast as gold. C. A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature. D. The melting temperature of copper is roughly three times that of gold

A piece of copper stores three times as much heat at the same temperature.

the image you see in a mirror is... a real image. a virtual image. not really an image.

A virtual image

Light interacts with matter by which process? Absorption Reflection Transmission All of the above

Absorption, Reflection, Transmission (All the above)

What is the formula for the compound aluminum bromide? AlBr2 AlBr3 Al2Br3 Al3Br

AlBr3

In which of the following currents is there no electron movement from one end of a conducting wire to the other end? Electron current Direct current Alternating current None of the above

Alternating Current

Which of the following units are measures of rates? -Amp and volt -Coulomb and joule -Volt and watt -Amp and watt

Amp and Watt

Which of the following does not have an ionic bond? BaCl2 Na2O CS2 BaS

CS2

The operation of which of the following depends on the interaction between two magnetic fields? A. Car stereo speakers B. Telephone C. Relay circuit D. All of the above

Car stereo speakers, Telephone, Relay Speakers (all of the above)

The photoelectric effect was explained, using Planck's work, by... Planck. Einstein. Maxwell. Young.

Einstein

Which of the following is most likely to acquire an electrostatic charge? -Electrical conductor -Electrical nonconductor -Both are equally likely -None of the above is correct

Electrical non conductor

Which of the following supports the second law of thermodynamics? A. Heat naturally flows from a low-temperature region to a higher-temperature region. B. All of a heat source can be converted into mechanical energy. C. Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality. D. A heat pump converts heat into mechanical work.

Energy tends to degrade, becoming of lower and lower quality.

A source of light given off as a result of high temperatures is said to be... luminous. blackbody radiation. incandescent. electromagnetic radiation.

Incandescent

Electromagnetic induction occurs when a coil of wire cuts across magnetic field lines. Which one of the following increases the voltage produced? A. Fewer wire loops in the coil B. Increased strength of the magnetic field C. Slower speed of the moving coil of wire D. Decreased strength of the magnetic field

Increased strength of the magnetic field

Which of the following can only be explained by a wave model of light? Reflection Refraction Interference Photoelectric effect

Interference

One element is in the IA family of the periodic table, and a second is in the VIIA family. What type of compound will the two elements form? Ionic Covalent They will not form a compound. More information is needed to answer this question.

Ionic

Which type of chemical bond is formed by a transfer of electrons? Ionic Covalent Metallic All of the above are correct.

Ionic

Which of the following has the greatest value for liquid water? Latent heat of fusion. Latent heat of vaporization. Both are equivalent. None of the above is correct.

Latent heat of vaporization.

Which of the following is always a whole number? A. Atomic mass of an isotope B. Mass number of an isotope C. Atomic weight of an element D. None of the above is correct.

Mass number of an isotope

Which combination of elements forms crystalline solids that will dissolve in water, producing a solution of ions that can conduct an electric current? Metal and metal Metal and nonmetal Nonmetal and nonmetal All of the above are correct.

Metal and nonmetal

What is the correct formula for magnesium chloride? MgCl Mg2Cl MgCl2 Mg2Cl2

MgCl2

What is the chemical symbol for a magnesium ion? Mg+ Mg− Mg2+ Mg2−

Mg^2+

Is it possible to see light without the light interacting with matter? Yes. No. Only for opaque objects. Only for transparent objects.

NO

Which of the following substances is NOT a compound? Water Table salt Neon Rust

Neon

The component colors of sunlight were first studied by... Joule. Galileo. Newton. Watt.

Newton

The second law of thermodynamics tells us that the amount of disorder, called entropy, is always increasing. Does the growth of a plant or animal violate the second law? A. Yes, a plant or animal is more highly ordered. B. No, the total entropy of the universe increases. C. The answer is unknown.

No, the total entropy of the universe increases.

The electrical resistance of a conductor is measured in units of.... A. volt. B. amp. C. ohm. D. watt.

Ohm

Materials that do not allow the transmission of any light are called... transparent. colored. opaque. blackbody.

Opaque

In which type of circuit would you expect the same voltage with an increased current as more and more resistances are added to the circuit? A. Series circuit B. Parallel circuit C. Open circuit D. None of the above

Parallel Circuit

Today, light is considered to be packets of energy with a frequency related to its energy. These packets are called... gravitons. gluons. photons. quarks.

Photons

What kind of bond has unequal sharing of bonding electrons? Polar covalent Covalent Ionic Polar ionic

Polar Covalent

If you multiply amps by volts, the answer will be in units of... resistance. work. current. power.

Power

If you multiply volts by amps, the answer will be in units of... power. work. current. potential difference.

Power

What form of heat transfer will warm your body without warming the air in a room? Conduction. Convection. Radiation. None of the above is correct.

Radiation.

In which type of circuit would you expect a reduction of the available voltage as more and more resistances are added to the circuit? A. Series circuit B. Parallel circuit C. Open circuit D. None of the above

Series Circuit

Which of the following is not considered to have strong magnetic properties? Iron Nickel Silver Cobalt

Silver

Which of the following is luminous? Moon Mars Sun All of the above

Sun

What determines the chemical properties of an atom? Valence electrons Atomic weight Neutrons and protons Protons only

Valence Electrons

A kilowatt-hour is a unit of... -power. -work. -current. -potential difference.

Work

Of the following, the electromagnetic wave with the shortest wavelength is.. radio wave. infrared light. ultraviolet light. X rays.

X Rays

Sulfur and oxygen are both in the VIA family of the periodic table. If element X combines with oxygen to form the compound X2O, element X will combine with sulfur to form what compound? XS2 X2S X2S2 It is impossible to say without more information.

X2S

What is the formula for the compound zinc chloride? ZnCl Zn2Cl ZnCl2 ZnCl4

ZnCl2

Refraction of light happens when light undergoes... A. reflection from a surface. B. a change of speed between two transparent materials. C. movement through a critical angle. D. a 90° angle of incidence.

a change of speed between two transparent materials.

an electric field describes the condition of space around... A. a charged particle. B. a magnetic pole. C. a mass. D. all of the above.

a charged particle

To be operational, a complete electric circuit must contain a source of energy, a device that does work, and... A. a magnetic field. B. a conductor from the source to the working device and another conductor back to the source. C. connecting wires from the source to the working device. D. a magnetic field and a switch.

a conductor from the source to the working device and another conductor back to the source.

The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of ice is 0.500 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of water and ice, will result in (assume the ice does not melt)... A. a greater temperature increase for the water. B. a greater temperature increase for the ice. C. the same temperature increase for each. D. unknown results.

a greater temperature increase for the ice.

The specific heat of copper is 0.093 cal/gC°, and the specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/gC°. The same amount of energy applied to equal masses, say, 50.0 g of copper and aluminum, will result in... A. a higher temperature for copper. B. a higher temperature for aluminum. C. the same temperature for each metal. D. unknown results.

a higher temperature for copper.

A current carrying wire always has... -a magnetic field with closed concentric field lines around the length of the wire. -a magnetic field with field lines parallel to the length of the wire. -an electric field but no magnetic field around the wire. -nothing in the space around the wire.

a magnetic field with closed concentric field lines around the length of the wire.

Today, light is considered to be... A. tiny particles of matter that move through space, having no wave properties. B. electromagnetic waves only, with no properties of particles. C. a small-scale phenomenon without a sharp distinction between particle and wave properties. D. something that is completely unknown.

a small-scale phenomenon without a sharp distinction between particle and wave properties

Which of the following is NOT true of a compound? It is... A. a pure substance. B. composed of combinations of atoms. C. held together by chemical bonds. D. a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler units.

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler units.

The electromagnetic wave model defines an electromagnetic wave as having a velocity. a magnetic field. an electric field. all of the above.

a velocity, a magnetic field, an electric field, (all of the above)

Atomic weight is... A. determined by weighing individual atoms. B. an average weight of the isotopes of an element. C. the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. D. a weighted average of the masses of isotopes of an element based on abundance.

a weighted average of the masses of isotopes of an element based on abundance.

Which of the following represents a hydrogen isotope? A. 1/1 H B. 2/1 H C. 3/1 H D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

any numbers with H (all of above)

As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid, it... A. releases heat while remaining at a constant temperature. B. absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature. C. releases heat as the temperature decreases. D. absorbs heat as the temperature increases.

absorbs heat while remaining at a constant temperature.

Group IIA elements are called... alkali metals. alkaline earth metals. alkaline salts. beryllium metals.

alkaline earth metals

Green grass absorbs... yellow light. only green light. blue light. all light but green light. Answers

all light but green light

The rate at which an electric current flows through a circuit is measured in units of... A. volt. B. amp. C. coulomb. D. watt.

amp

The strength of a magnetic field around a current-carrying wire varies directly with the... *amperage of the current. *voltage of the current. *resistance of the wire. *temperature of the wire.

amperage of the current

The special theory of relativity is... A. a new explanation of gravity. B. an analysis of how space and time are changed by motion. C. an analysis of how fast-moving clocks run faster. C. based on a changing velocity of light.

an analysis of how space and time are changed by motion.

An electromagnet uses... A. a magnetic field to produce an electric current. B. an electric current to produce a magnetic field. C. a magnetic current to produce an electric field. D. an electric field to produce a magnetic current.

an electric current to produce a magnetic field.

The correct name for the compound CS2 is... dicarbon disulfide. carbon disulfite. carbon disulfide. monocarbon trisulfide.

carbon disulfide

This isotope provides the standard to which the masses of all other isotopes are compared: carbon-12 oxygen-16 hydrogen-1 gold-197

carbon-12

Chemical energy is defined as... A. change of internal potential energy during a chemical reaction. B. energy that is only absorbed during a chemical reaction. C. energy that is only released during a chemical reaction. D. energy added to a chemical reaction.

change of internal potential energy during a chemical reaction.

A transformer... A. changes the voltage of a direct current. B. changes the power of a direct current. C. changes the voltage of an alternating current. D. changes the amperage of an alternating current

changes the voltage of an alternating current

You know that a chemical reaction is taking place if... the temperature of a substance increases. electrons move in a steady current. chemical bonds are formed or broken. All of the above are correct.

chemical bonds are formed or broken.

More molecules are returning to the liquid state than are leaving the liquid state. This process is called... boiling. freezing. condensation. melting.

condensation.

The transfer of heat that takes place directly from molecule to molecule is... conduction. convection. radiation. sublimation.

conduction.

The phase change from ice to liquid water takes place at... constant pressure. constant temperature. constant volume. all of the above.

constant temperature.

The transfer of heat that takes place because of density difference in fluids is... conduction. convection. radiation. none of the above.

convection.

The transfer of heat that takes place by the movement of groups of molecules with higher kinetic energy is... conduction. convection. radiation. sublimation.

convection.

You are using which description of a current if you consider a current to be positive charges that flow from the positive to the negative terminal of a battery? -Electron current -Conventional current -Proton current -Alternating current

conventional current

The condition of farsightedness, or hyperopia, can be corrected with a (an)... concave lens. convex lens. eyepiece lens. combination of convex and concave lenses.

convex lens.

Atoms that achieve an octet by sharing electrons form... covalent bonds. ionic bonds. metallic bonds. hydrogen bonds.

covalent bonds.

The combination of nonmetals with nonmetals forms... covalent compounds. metallic compounds. ionic compounds. no compounds.

covalent compounds.

What type of electric current is produced by fuel cells and solar cells? A. ac B. dc C. 60 Hz D. 120 Hz

dc

The existence of matter waves was proposed by... Planck. Bohr. de Broglie. Einstein.

de Broglie

The work that a heat engine is able to accomplish is ideally equivalent to the... difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected. heat that was produced in the cycle. heat that appears in the exhaust gases. sum total of the heat input and the heat output.

difference between the heat supplied and the heat rejected.

The isotopes of a given element always have... A. the same mass and the same chemical behavior. B. the same mass and a different chemical behavior. C. different masses and different chemical behaviors. D. different masses and the same chemical behavior.

different masses and the same chemical behavior.

You are able to see in shaded areas, such as under a tree, because light has undergone... refraction. incident bending. a change in speed. diffuse reflection.

diffuse reflection

In 1910, Max Planck introduced the idea that matter emits and absorbs energy in... light waves. discrete units called quanta. pulses with no particular pattern. pulses that vary in magnitude over time.

discrete units called quanta.

The separation of white light into its component colors is... reflection. refraction. dispersion. transmission.

dispersion

A prism separates the colors of sunlight into a spectrum because... A. each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction. B. longer wavelengths are refracted more than shorter wavelengths. C. red light is refracted the most, violet the least. D. all of the above are correct.

each wavelength of light has its own index of refraction.

a material that has electrons that are free to move throughout the material is a (an)... A. electrical conductor. B. electrical insulator. C. thermal insulator. D. thermal nonconductor.

electrical conductor

The arrangement of electrons in orbitals is called... electron configuration. periodic table. quantum numbers. energy levels.

electron configuration

Energy of the electron is expressed in units of... electron volts. electron watts. quantum leaps. orbit numbers.

electron volts.

The comparative ability of atoms of an element to attract bonding electrons is called... electron attraction. electronegativity. bonding. electron transfer.

electronegativity

When a loop of wire cuts across magnetic field lines or when magnetic field lines move across a loop of wire, A. electrons are pushed toward one end of the loop. B. an electrostatic charge is formed. C. the wire becomes a permanent magnet. D. a magnetic domain is created.

electrons are pushed towards one end of the loop

Electromagnetic induction takes place because A. an electric current is measured by the rate of movement of charges. B. the potential is determined by how much work is done. C. electrons have their own magnetic field, which interacts with an externally applied magnetic field. D. copper wire is magnetic, which induces magnetism.

electrons have their own magnetic field, which interacts with an externally applied magnetic field.

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler are.. elements. compounds. molecules. mixtures.

elements

An electron moving from an excited state to the ground state... emits a photon. gains a photon. gains a charge. loses a charge.

emits a photon

The smallest particle of a compound or a gaseous element that can exist and still retain the characteristic properties of that substance is a (an)... molecule. element. atom. electron.

molecule.

According to the Bohr model, when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from an orbit farther from the nucleus to an orbit closer to the nucleus, it... A. emits a single photon with energy equal to the energy difference of the two orbits. B. emits four photons, one for each of the color lines observed in the line spectrum of hydrogen. C. emits a number of photons dependent on the number of orbit levels jumped over. D. None of the above is correct.

emits a single photon with energy equal to the energy difference of the two orbits.

According to Rutherford's calculations, the volume of an atom is mostly... A. occupied by protons and neutrons. B. filled with electrons. C. occupied by tightly bound protons, electrons, and neutrons. D. empty space.

empty space.

The Bohr model of the atom... A. explained the color lines in the hydrogen spectrum. B. could not explain the line spectrum of atoms larger than hydrogen. C. had some made-up rules without explanations. D. All of the above are correct.

explained the color lines in the hydrogen spectrum, could not explain the line spectrum of atoms larger than hydrogen, had some made-up rules without explanations. (all of above)

Atoms of the representative elements have a tendency to seek stability through A. acquiring the hydrogen gas structure. B. filling or emptying their outer orbitals. B. any situations that will fill all orbitals. C. All of the above are correct.

filling or emptying their outer orbitals.

The energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy. This statement describes the... first law of thermodynamics. second law of thermodynamics. third law of thermodynamics.

first law of thermodynamics.

Convection best takes place in a (an)... solid. fluid. alloy. vacuum.

fluid.

The Bohr model of the atom described the energy state of electrons with one quantum number. The quantum mechanics model uses how many quantum numbers to describe the energy state of an electron? One Two Four Ten

four

Hydrogen, with its one electron, produces a line spectrum in the visible light range with... one color line. two color lines. three color lines. four color lines.

four color lines

The heat death of the universe in the future is when the universe is supposed to... A. have a high temperature that will kill all living things. B. have a high temperature that will vaporize all matter in it. C. freeze at a uniform low temperature. D. use up the universal supply of entropy.

freeze at a uniform low temperature.

When an object acquires a negative charge, it actually... gains mass. loses mass. has a constant mass. The answer is unknown.

gains mass

An ion can be described as an element or compound that... gains electrons. loses electrons. gains or loses electrons. shares electrons.

gains or loses electrons.

an example of an electrical insulator is... A. graphite. B. glass. C. aluminum. D. tungsten.

glass

Latent heat is "hidden" because it...

goes into or comes out of internal potential energy.

The general theory of relativity explains... A. gravity as a change of space and time. B. why the speed of light changes with the speed of an observer. C. how the laws of physics change with changes of motion. D. Newton's laws of motion.

gravity as a change of space and time.

Green grass reflects... yellow light. green light. blue light. white light.

green light

The lowest energy state or level of an atom is the... bottom state. lowest level. ground state. basement state.

ground state.

The cheese on a hot pizza takes a long time to cool because it... is stretchable and elastic. has a low specific heat. has a high specific heat. has a white color.

has a high specific heat.

Earth's magnetic field... -has undergone many reversals in polarity. -has always been as it is now. -is created beneath Earth's north geographic pole. -is created beneath Earth's south geographic pole.

has undergone many reverses in polarity

Reverse the direction of a current in a wire, and the magnetic field around the wire will a. have an inverse magnitude of strength. B. have a reversed north pole direction. C. become a conventional current. D. remain unchanged.

have a reversed North Pole direction

Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect... A. cold to move to where it is warmer, such as cold moving into a warm house during the winter. b. heat movement from any higher-temperature region. c. no energy movement unless it is hot enough, such as the red-hot heating element on a stove.

heat movement from any higher-temperature region.

The energy released during the formation of an ionic bond is... ionic energy. heat of formation. activation energy. heat of creation.

heat of formation

Today, light is considered to be a stream of photons with a frequency related to its energy. This relationship finds that... A. frequencies near the middle of the spectrum have more energy. B. more energetic light is always light with a lower frequency. C. higher-frequency light has more energy. D. lower-frequency light has more energy.

higher-frequency light has more energy.

The quantum mechanics and Bohr models of the atom both agree on... A. the significance of the de Broglie wavelength and the circumference of an orbit. B. the importance of momentum in determining the size of an orbit. C. how electrons are able to emit light. D. None of the above is correct.

how electrons are able to emit light.

Light is said to travel in straight-line paths, as light rays, until it interacts with matter. A line representing the original ray before it interacts with matter is called a (an).... incoming light ray. incident ray. reflected light ray. normal ray.

incident ray

A positive and a negative charge are initially 2 cm apart. What happens to the force on each as they are moved closer and closer together? The force... A. increases while moving. B. decreases while moving. C. remains constant. D. The answer is unknown.

increases while moving

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a transparent material is called the... index of deflection. index of reflection. index of refraction. index of diffusion.

index of refraction

The gain or loss of electrons from an atom results in the formation of a (an)... ion. metal. semiconductor. isotope.

ion

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions is called a (an)... ionic bond. metallic bond. covalent bond. electrostatic bond.

ionic bond

The energy of a photon... A. varies inversely with the frequency. B. is directly proportional to the frequency. C. varies directly with the velocity. D. is inversely proportional to the velocity.

is directly proportional to the frequency.

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons are called... allotropes. isomers. isotopes. radioactive.

isotopes

Styrofoam is a good insulating material because... it is a plastic material that conducts heat poorly. it contains many tiny pockets of air. of the structure of the molecules that make it up. it is not very dense.

it contains many tiny pockets of air.

A metallic bond is defined by all of the following, except.... A. it is formed in solid metals. B. it restricts movement of electrons. C. metal atoms share a "sea of electrons." D. it accounts for metallic properties such as conductivity and luster.

it restricts movement of electrons.

According to the Bohr model, an electron gains or loses energy only by... A. moving faster or slower in an allowed orbit. B. jumping from one allowed orbit to another. C. being completely removed from an atom. D. jumping from one atom to another atom.

jumping from one allowed orbit to another.

A photon is emitted from the electronic structure of an atom when an electron... A. jumps from a higher to a lower energy level. B. jumps from a lower to a higher energy level. C. reverses its spin by 180°. D. is removed from an atom by a high quantum of energy.

jumps from a higher to a lower energy level.

An instrument that produces a coherent beam of single-frequency, in-phase light is a... telescope. laser. camera. solar cell.

laser.

The heat involved in the change of phase from solid ice to liquid water is called... A. latent heat of vaporization. B. latent heat of fusion. C. latent heat of condensation. D. none of the above.

latent heat of fusion.

The great cooling effect produced by water evaporating comes from its high... conductivity. specific heat. latent heat. transparency.

latent heat.

Fiber optics transmits information using... sound. computers. light. all of the above.

light

Light from an incandescent gas is dispersed into narrow lines of colors with no light between the lines. This is called a (an)... impossible spectrum. line spectrum. Balmer spectrum. Newton spectrum.

line spectrum.

An ion is formed when an atom of a representative element... A. gains or loses protons. B. shares electrons to achieve stability. C. loses or gains electrons to satisfy the octet rule. D. All of the above are correct.

loses or gains electrons to satisfy the octet rule.

The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is the... nucleon number. mass number. atomic weight. isotope number.

mass number

Any moving particle has a wavelength that is associated with its mass and velocity. This is a statement that proposed the existence of... photoelectric effect. matter waves. quanta. photons.

matter waves.

Rutherford's estimate of the radius of an atomic nucleus was based on... A. the drift of oil droplets in an electric field. B. speculation about expected symmetry in gold foil. C. measurements of radioactive particle deflections from gold foil. D. measurements of the breakup of a nitrogen atom by collisions with radioactive particles.

measurements of radioactive particle deflections from gold foil.

When you add heat to a substance, its temperature... A. always increases. B. sometimes decreases. C. might stay the same. D. might go up or down, depending on the temperature.

might stay the same.

As the temperature of an incandescent object is increased, A. more infrared radiation is emitted with less UV. B. there is a decrease in the frequency of radiation emitted. C. the radiation emitted shifts toward infrared. D. more radiation is emitted with a shift to higher frequencies

more radiation is emitted with a shift to higher frequencies.

A heat engine is designed to... move heat from a cool source to a warmer location. move heat from a warm source to a cooler location. convert mechanical energy into heat. convert heat into mechanical energy.

move heat from a warm source to a cooler location.

Magnetism is produced by... -an excess of north monopoles. -an excess of south monopoles. -moving charges. -separation of positive and negative charges.

moving charges

The photoelectric effect is best explained by considering light to be vibrating waves. moving particles. none of the above

moving particles

Max Planck made the revolutionary discovery that the energy of vibrating molecules involved in blackbody radiation existed only in... A. multiples of certain fixed amounts. B. amounts that smoothly graded one into the next. C. the same, constant amount of energy in all situations. D. amounts that were never consistent from one experiment to the next.

multiples of certain fixed amounts.

The Fahrenheit thermometer scale is... A. more accurate than the Celsius scale. B. less accurate than the Celsius scale. C. sometimes more or less accurate, depending on the air temperature. D. no more accurate than the Celsius scale.

no more accurate than the Celsius scale.

The north pole of a suspended or floating bar magnet currently points directly toward Earth's north magnetic pole. south magnetic pole. north geographic pole. south geographic pole.

north magnetic pole

In what way are atoms of 12/6 C and 14/6 C different? Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons None of the above is correct.

number of neutrons

"Atoms attempt to acquire an outer orbital with eight electrons" is a statement of the...

octet rule.

The space in which it is probable that an electron will be found is described by a (an)... circular orbit. elliptical orbit. orbital. geocentric orbit.

orbital

Propane gas burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The reactants in this reaction are propane and... energy. oxygen. carbon dioxide. water.

oxygen.

In a single covalent bond between two atoms, a... A. single electron from one of the atoms is shared. B. pair of electrons from one of the atoms is shared. C. pair of electrons, one from each atom, is shared. D. single electron is transferred from one atom.

pair of electrons, one from each atom, is shared

The concept that vibrating molecules emit light in discrete amounts of energy, called quanta, was proposed by... Newton. Fresnel. Planck. Maxwell.

planck

A covalent bond in which there is an unequal sharing of bonding electrons is a.. single covalent bond. double covalent bond. triple covalent bond. polar covalent bond.

polar covalent bond.

A solar cell... A. produces electricity directly. B. requires chemical reactions. C. has a very short lifetime. D. uses small moving parts.

produces electricity directly

A luminous object... A. reflects a dim blue-green light in the dark. B. produces light of its own by any method. C. shines by reflected light only, such as that from the Moon. D. glows only in the absence of light.

produces light of its own by any method.

The atomic number is the number of... A. protons. B. protons plus neutrons. C. protons plus electrons. D. protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

protons

The transfer of heat that takes place by energy moving through space is... conduction. convection. radiation. sublimation.

radiation.

Of the following, the electromagnetic wave with the lowest energy is... radio wave. infrared light. ultraviolet light. X rays.

radio wave.

The color order of longer-wavelength to smaller-wavelength waves in the visible region is... red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. red, violet, blue, yellow, green. violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. violet, red, blue, green, yellow, orange.

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.

Electric power companies step up the voltage of generated power for transmission across the country because higher voltage... A. means more power is transmitted. B. reduces the current, which increases the resistance. C. means less power is transmitted. D. reduces the current, which lowers the energy lost to resistance.

reduces the current, which lowers the energy lost to resistance.

Polaroid sunglasses work best in eliminating glare because... A. reflected light is refracted upward. B. unpolarized light vibrates in all possible directions. C. reflected light undergoes dispersion. D. reflected light is polarized in a horizontal direction only.

reflected light is polarized in a horizontal direction only

A one-way mirror works because it... A. transmits all of the light falling on it. B. reflects all of the light falling on it. C. reflects and transmits light at the same time. D. neither reflects nor transmits light.

reflects and transmits light at the same time.

A mirage is the result of light being... reflected. refracted. absorbed. bounced around a lot.

refracted

A pencil is placed in a glass of water. The pencil appears to be bent. This is an example of... reflection. refraction. dispersion. polarization.

refraction

Propane gas burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. For this reaction, energy is... A. absorbed. B. released. C. equal on both sides of the reaction. D. completely consumed in the reaction.

released

The elements in A groups are called... alkali elements. transition elements. representative elements. metals.

representative elements

We see a blue sky because... A. Air molecules absorb blue light. B. air molecules reflect red light. C. scattering of light by air molecules and dust is more efficient when its wavelength is longer. D. scattering of light by air molecules and dust is more efficient when its wavelength is shorter.

scattering of light by air molecules and dust is more efficient when its wavelength is shorter.

If you want to move heat from a region of cooler temperature to a region of warmer temperature, you must supply energy. This is described by the... first law of thermodynamics. second law of thermodynamics. third law of thermodynamics.

second law of thermodynamics.

Light in one plane is transmitted and light in all other planes is absorbed. This is... selective absorption. polarized absorption. reflection. scattering.

selective absorption.

Elements that have properties of both the metals and the nonmetals are semimetals. transition elements. semiconductors. noble gases.

semiconductors.

A parallel circuit has... A. wires that are lined up side by side. B. the same current flowing through one resistance after another. C. separate pathways for the current to flow through. D. none of the above.

separate pathways for the current to flow through

A nonmetal atom combines with a second nonmetal atom. The first nonmetal atom... A. gains electrons. B. loses electrons. C. remains neutral. D. shares electrons with the second nonmetal atom.

shares electrons with the second nonmetal atom.

Which is NOT true of an ionic bond? It involves... A. a transfer of electrons. B. sharing of electrons. C. electrostatic attraction between ions. D. metals and nonmetals.

sharing of electrons.

A glass prism separates sunlight into a spectrum of colors because... A. shorter wavelengths are refracted the most. B. light separates into colors when reflected from crystal glass. C. light undergoes absorption in a prism. D. there are three surfaces that reflect light.

shorter wavelengths are refracted the most.

An object is hot enough to emit a dull red glow. When this object is heated even more, it will emit... A. shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency radiation. B. longer-wavelength, lower-frequency radiation. C. the same wavelengths as before with more energy. D. more of the same wavelengths.

shorter-wavelength, higher-frequency radiation.

The correct name for the compound NaNO3 is... sodium nitrogen trioxygen. sodium nitrate. sodium nitrite. sodium nitrogen trioxide.

sodium nitrate.

Conduction best takes place in a... solid. fluid. gas. vacuum.

solid.

The existence of a tiny, massive, and positively charged nucleus was deduced from the observation that... A. fast, massive, and positively charged radioactive particles all move straight through metal foil. B. radioactive particles were deflected by a magnetic field. C. some radioactive particles were deflected by metal foil. D. None of the above is correct.

some radioactive particles were deflected by metal foil.

An electric meter measures the... A. actual number of charges moving through a conductor. B. current in packets of coulombs. C. strength of a magnetic field. D. difference in potential between two points in a conductor.

strength of a magnetic field

If you want to know the number of neutrons in an atom of a given element, you... A. round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number. B. add the mass number and the atomic number. C. subtract the atomic number from the mass number. D. add the mass number and the atomic number, then divide by 2.

subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

The difference in the light emitted from a candle, an incandescent lightbulb, and the Sun is basically due to differences in... energy sources. materials. temperatures. phases of matter.

tempuratures

Thomson was convinced that he had discovered a subatomic particle, the electron, from the evidence that... A. the charge-to-mass ratio was the same for all materials. B. cathode rays could move through a vacuum. C. electrons were attracted toward a negatively charged plate. D. the charge was always 1.60 × 10−19 coulomb.

the charge-to-mass ratio was the same for all materials.

The major success of the Bohr theory was in explaining... A. how electrons move in circular orbits. B. why radiationless orbits existed. C. the colors in the hydrogen line spectrum. D. why the angular momentum of the electron should be by orbit quantum numbers.

the colors in the hydrogen line spectrum.

The main problem with a solar system model of the atom is that... A. electrons move in circular, not elliptical orbits. B. the electrons should lose energy since they are accelerating. C. opposite charges should attract one another. D. the mass ratio of the nucleus to the electrons is wrong.

the electrons should lose energy since they are accelerating.

Comparing measurements made on the ground to measurements made in a very fast airplane would find that... A. the length of an object is shorter. B. clocks run more slowly. C. objects have an increased mass. D. all of the above are true.

the length of an object is shorter, clocks run more slowly, objects have an increased mass (all of above)

A permanent magnet has magnetic properties because... A. the magnetic fields of its electrons are balanced. B. of an accumulation of monopoles in the ends. C. the magnetic domains are aligned. D. all of the above. Answers

the magnetic domains are aligned.

On the Celsius temperature scale... A. zero means there is no temperature. B. 80° is twice as hot as 40°. C. the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water. D. there are more degrees than on the Fahrenheit scale.

the numbers relate to the boiling and freezing of water.

What is the relationship between the energy released in burning materials produced by photosynthesis and the solar energy that was absorbed in making the materials? The energy released is... A. Less than the solar energy absorbed. B. the same as the solar energy absorbed. C. more than the solar energy absorbed. D. variable, having no relationship to the energy absorbed.

the same as the solar energy absorbed

Two different isotopes of the same element have... A. the same number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. B. the same number of protons and neutrons but different numbers of electrons. C. the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons. D. the same number of neutrons and electrons but different numbers of protons.

the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.

Millikan measured the charge on oil droplets and found that all the droplets had... A. different charges. B. random charges, without any pattern. C. five groupings of different charges. D. the same or multiples of the same charge.

the same or multiples of the same charge.

The specific heat of soil is 0.20 kcal/kgC°, and the specific heat of water is 1.00 kcal/kgC°. This means that if 1 kg of soil and 1 kg of water each receives 1 kcal of energy, ideally, the water will be warmer than the soil by 0.8°C. the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water. the soil will be 5°C warmer than the water. the water will warm by 1°C, and the soil will warm by 0.2°C.

the soil will be 4°C warmer than the water.

The basis of the quantum mechanics theory of the atom is.. A. spin and quantum leaps of electron masses. B. elliptical orbits of electrons. C. how electron particles move in orbits. D. the wave nature of electrons.

the wave nature of electrons.

Hydrogen, with its one electron, can produce a line spectrum with four visible colors because... A. an isotope of hydrogen has four electrons. B. electrons occur naturally with four different colors. C. there are multiple energy levels that an electron can occupy. D. electrons are easily scattered.

there are multiple energy levels that an electron can occupy.

Heat is the... A. total internal energy of an object. B. average kinetic energy of molecules. C. measure of potential energy of molecules. D. same thing as a very high temperature.

total internal energy of an object.

The family or group number of the representative elements represents the... total number of electrons. total number of protons. total number of valence electrons. atomic number.

total number of valence electrons.

Internal energy refers to the... A. translational kinetic energy of gas molecules. B. total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules. C. total vibrational, rotational, and translational kinetic energy of molecules. D. average of all types of kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

total potential and kinetic energy of the molecules.

External energy refers to the... A. energy that changed the speed of an object. B. energy of all the molecules making up an object. C. total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly. D. energy from an extraterrestrial source.

total potential energy and kinetic energy of an object that you can measure directly.

electrostatic charge results from.. a. transfer or redistribution of electrons. b. gain or loss of protons. c. separation of charge from electrons and protons. d. failure to keep the object clean of dust.

transfer or redistribution of electrons

The polarization behavior of light is best explained by considering light to be... longitudinal waves. transverse waves. particles. particles with ends, or poles.

transverse waves.

Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place in a... Radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can take place in a

vacuum.

The electrons that participate in chemical bonding are the... A. valence electrons. B. electrons in fully occupied orbitals. C. stable inner electrons. D. All of the above are correct.

valence electrons.

The current in the secondary coil of a transformer is produced by a -varying magnetic field. -varying electric field. -constant magnetic field. -constant electric field.

varying magnetic field.

Polarization of light is best explained by considering light to be... A. vibrating waves in one plane. B. moving particles in one plane. C. none of the above.

vibrating waves in one plane.

An image that is not produced by light rays coming from the image but is the result of your brain's interpretations of light rays is called a (an)... real image. imagined image. virtual image. phony image.

virtual image

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect is... ultraviolet. infrared. visible. all of the above.

visible

the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit is measured in units of... A. volt. B. amp. C. coulomb. D. watt.

volt

A step-up transformer steps up the -voltage. -current. -power. -energy.

voltage

The evaporation of water cools the surroundings, and the condensation of this vapor... A. does nothing. B. warms the surroundings. C. increases the value of the latent heat of vaporization. D. decreases the value of the latent heat of vaporization.

warms the surroundings

Dihydrogen monoxide is the systematic name for a compound that has the common name of... laughing gas. water. smog. rocket fuel.

water.

Any part of the electromagnetic spectrum, including the colors of visible light, can be measured in units of... wavelength. frequency. energy. any of the above.

wavelength, frequency, energy (any of the above)

Earth's magnetic field is believed to originate... A. by a separation of north and south monopoles due to currents within Earth. B. with electric currents that are somehow generated in Earth's core. C. from a giant iron and cobalt bar magnet inside Earth. D. from processes that are not understood.

with electric currents that are somehow generated in Earth's core