Physical Science, Unit 1, Lesson 3

What happens when you heat a liquid?

The force of attraction between the particles is slightly less than in a solid, the motion of its particles increases as more thermal energy is added, At a certain point, the heated particles have so much energy that the attraction between the particles can no longer hold them close. The particles separate completely and move around in all directions. Liquid changes to gas.

removing heat

When a gas is cooled, the motion of its particles decreases as thermal energy is removed from them. At a certain point, the cooled particles lose energy and move closer together, and gas turns into liquid. If the liquid is then cooled further, the particles lose more thermal energy and they move even closer to each other. At a certain point, the liquid changes to a solid.

How does the motion of the particles change when thermal energy is added?

When thermal energy is added, the particles move faster and farther apart.

What happens in plasma?

atoms break into even smaller particles.

Characteristics of solids

definite shape, definite volume.

What changes after a substance switches states? Why does it?

density. the volume increases or decreases when the state changes since the attraction is more or less powerful.

Unlike temperature, thermal energy

depends on the size of the sample

When matter changes its state, the number and size of the particles ___, but the ___ between the particles ___

doesn't change, gaps, do change

Why (does/doesn't) mass change when heated or cooled?

doesn't, mass depends on the particles of matter, and their number doesn't change.

Temperature ___ depend on __ of sample

doesn't, size

kinetic energy

energy of motion

The faster particles move,

higher temperature

Why is temperature a good criterion for searching for Earthlike exoplanets?

if a planet is too close, the extreme heat of its sun would evaporate liquids. If it's too far, the extreme cold would freeze any water.

how does plasma form

if matter is at very high temperatures, the atoms in a gas break into subatomic particles and matter changes into a fourth state, called plasma.

oxygen and nitrogen, need both _ and _ to change to a liquid

lower temperature and increased pressure to change into a liquid.

Deposition

matter changes directly from a gas to a solid on cooling

Sublimation

matter changes directly from a solid to a gas on heating, without changing to a liquid

Temperature

measure of the average kinetic energy of particles

Matter can change state through:

melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition.

Characteristics of liquids

no shape of its own, It takes the shape of the container it is in, definite volume

What happens when you heat a solid?

particle vibration increases, at a certain point, particles gain so much energy that they break free from their fixed positions and begin to move away from their positions. The space between particles increases. Solid changes to liquid.

What factor affects the process of switching states of matter?

pressure / force per unit area

Atmospheric pressure at ___ is greater than atmospheric pressure at ___

sea level, higher altitudes

What is matter made up of?

small particles called atoms or small groups of atoms called molecules

States of matter

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

the _____ of the water molecules does change during a change in state.

spacing

Characteristics of gas

spreads and no definite shape or volume

What happens if we apply pressure to a gas in a closed container?

the particles come closer together, and the gas changes to liquid.

States of matter that change

the shape of a liquid the volume of a gas the shape of a gas

melting point

the temperature at which the particles have enough energy to break free from their positions.

boiling point

the temperature at which the particles have enough energy to move away from each other.

States of matter that don't change

the volume of a solid the shape of a solid the volume of a liquid

sub of the kinetic energy of all the particles

thermal energy

Since we experience a range of temperatures on earth,

we see a variety of solids, liquids, and gases.

becoming a gas

Particles in a gas have so much energy that they move in all directions and bounce off each other and the walls of the container the gas is in. The force of attraction between the particles is low

Our planet has frozen poles. What property does frozen water have that might be useful in searching for other planets with frozen poles?

Ice and snow are reflective, so a planet that has ice and snow will be more visible.

What is unique about the size and location of this exoplanet?

It is the smallest planet found in the habitable zone.

Kepler-186f is much closer to its sun than Earth is to its sun. Why is it considered to be in the habitable zone even though it's so close to a sun?

Its sun is cooler than our sun, so there is a possibility that water can exist in liquid state on this planet.

What did astronomers name the planet they discovered?

Kepler-186f