Physics 150 KONE Review: All Multiple Choice/Some Short Answer

If you have, or need to solve for, initial and final velocity, acceleration, and time, which kinematics equation do you use?

V = Vo + at

If you have, or need to solve for, initial and final velocity, displacement, acceleration; which kinematics equation do you use?

V^2 = Vo^2 +2ax

If the momentum of an object is tripled, its kinetic energy will be a change by what factor? a. zero b. one-third c. three d. nine

d nine

The work done by static friction can be: a. positive b. negative c. zero d. all of the above

d. all of the abve

A 12.0 kg mass is placed on a 25 degree incline and friction keeps it from sliding. The coefficient of static friction in this case is 0.580 and the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.520. The mass is given a shove causing it to slide down the incline. Taking down the incline as positive, what is the acceleration of the mass while it is sliding?

-0.447 m/s

A ball with original momentum of +2.0 kgxm/s hits a wall and bounces straight back without losing any kinetic energy. The change in momentum of the ball is:

-4.0 kgxm/s

A 30 kg object sitting at rest is struct elastically in a head-on collision with a 10 kg object initially moving at 3.0 m/s. Find the final velocity of the 30 kg object after the collision. (SHOW WORK!!)

1.5 m/s

An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter of 1.0 m. What is the average angular acceleration of each wheel? (SHOW WORK!!)

10.0 rad/s^2

A ball is pushed downhill with an initial velocity of 3.0 m/s. The ball rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration of 1.6 m/s^2. The ball reaches the bottom of the hill in 6.0 s. What is the ball's velocity at the bottom of the hill?

13 m/s

A 0.60 kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.25 m length string. At the top of the path, the angular speed is 12.0 rad/s. What is the tension in the string at that point? (SHOW WORK!!)

16 N

A bus leaves New York City, takes a non-direct route and arrives in St. Louis Missouri 23 hours and 16 minutes later. If the distance between the two cities is 1250 km, what is the magnitude of the bus average velocity?

53.7 km/hr

An elevator is moving upward with a speed of 11 m/s. Three seconds later, the elevator is still moving upward, but its speed as been reduced to 5.0 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the elevator during that 3 s interval?

2.0 m/s^2, downward

Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when multiplying: 10.5 x 8.9 x 3.11?

290

The number 0.00430 has ______ significant figures.

3

Motor 1 does 30 J of work in 10 s, Motor 2 does 2 J of work in 5 s, Motor 3 does 7 J of work in 2 s and Motor 4 does 7 J of work in 3 s. List the motors in order of highest power produced to lowest power produced.

3, 1, 4, 2

Which two angles will produce the same range? (in degrees)

30 and 60 degrees

A piece of aluminum has a density of 2.70 g/cm^3 and a mass of 834 g. The aluminum is submerged in a container of oil (oil's density is 0.650 g/cm^3). How much oil does the metal displace?

309 cm^3

The flow rate of blood through an average human aorta, of radius 0.95 cm, is about 9.8 cm^3/s. What is the speed of the blood flow through the aorta?

32 cm/s

A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door, 1.2 m from the hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.

360 N-m

A motorist travels due north for 30 mph for 2 h. She then reverses her direction and travels due south at 60 mph for 1 h. What is her average speed?

40 mph

In order to maximize range R, the angle should be:

45 degrees

A 1000 kg sports car accelerates from zero to 25 m/s in 6.25 s. What is the average power delivered by the automobile by the automobile engine?

50 kW

Arvin the Ant is on a picnic table. He travels 30 cm eastward, then 25 cm northward, and finally 10 cm westward. In what direction is Arvin now in with respect to his starting point?

51 degrees N of E

A vehicle designed to operate on a drag strip accelerates from zero to 30 m/s while undergoing a straight line path displacement of 60 m. What is the vehicles acceleration if it's value may be assumed to be constant?

7.5 m/s^2

A taxicab moves 5 blocks due north, five blocks due east, and another 3 blocks due north. Assuming all blocks are equal size, how far is the taxi from its starting point?

9.4 blocks

In order to maximize height h, the angle should be:

90 degrees

A 15,000 N car on a hydraulic lift rests on a cylinder with a piston of radius 0.20 m. If a connecting cylinder with a piston of 0.050 m radius is driven by compressed air, what force must be applied to this smaller piston in order the lift?

940 N

Which one of the choices below represents the preferred practice regarding significant figures when adding: 12.4 + 14.0 + 67.37 + 4.201?

98.0

A 3.0 m rod is pivoted about ts left end. A force of 10 N is applied perpendicular to the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. The 5.2 force is at an angle of 30 degrees to the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot?

Net torque = 4.2 N-m

When solving for component vectors there are 4 steps to follow in order to get to the right answer, what are they?

Step 1: Add together the vector distances in the X direction (ie Ax + Bx + Cx = Rx) Step 2: Add together the vector distances in the Y direction (ie Ay + By + Cy = Ry) Step 3: Find R. R = sq rt (Rx^2 + Ry^2) Step 4: Find angle θ. θ = tan^-1 (Ry/Rx)

A fall falls from a height of 10 m. If it makes a perfectly inelastic collision with the level ground, how high is it more likely to bounce? a. 0 m b. 10 m c. 5 m d. indefinitely high

a. 0 m

A stone cutter's chisel has an edge area of 0.40 cm^2. If the chisel is struck with a force of 45 N, what is the pressure of the stone? a. 1.1 x 10^6 Pa b. 1.1 x 10^5 Pa c. 5.5 x 10^4 Pa d. 1.1 x 10^3 Pa

a. 1.1 x 10^6

A 200 N block, on a 30 degree incline is being held motionless by friction. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the plane is 0.60. The force due to friction is:

a. 104 N

A girl delivering newspapers covers her route by traveling 3 blocks west, 4 blocks north, and then 6 blocks east. a. What is her final position relative to her starting location? b. What is the length of the path she walked?

a. 5.00 blocks at 53.1 degrees N of E b. 13.0 blocks

Starting from rest, a 5.00 kg block slides 2.50 m down a rough 30 degree incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the incline is uk = 0.436. If the mass is pulled up with a force F, determine: a. the work done by the force of gravity b. the work done by the friction force between the block and incline c. the work done by normal force d. the work done by the net force.

a. 61.25 J b. -46.25 J c. zero d. -107.5 J

Which expression is false? (A is going east, B is going north, and C is going southwest) a. C=A+B b. C+A=B c. A+B+C=0 d. A^2+B^2=C^2

a. C=A+B

Which one of the following is the dimension of mass density? a. [M^1 L^-3 T^0] b. [M^1 L^3 T^0] c. [M^0 L^-3 T0] d. [M^0 L^3 T^0]

a. [M^1 L^-3 T^0]

An artificial Earth satellite is an elliptical orbit has a greater centripetal acceleration when it's at what location? a. nearest earth b. farthest from earth c. between earth and moon d. between earth and sun

a. nearest earth

Which expression is dimensionally consistent with an expression that would yield a value for time^-1? a. v/x b. v^2/x c. x/t d. v^2/t

a. v/x

Which of the following is an example of a vector quantity? a. velocity b. temperature c. volume d. mass

a. velocity

A race car makes one lap around a circular track of radius R. When the car is halfway around the track, what is the magnitude of the car's displacement from the starting point? Hint: the circumference of a circle is 2πr. a. r b. 2r c. π d. 2πr e. zero meters

b. 2r

The "quantity of pressure" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, and time) is equivalent to: a. MLT^-1 b. ML^-1T^-2 c. M^2L^-1T^-3 d. a dimensionless quantity

b. ML^-1T^-2

On a position-time graph, the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that are separated in time by the interval delta t, is which of the following quantities? a. average steepness b. average velocity c. instantaneous velocity d. average acceleration

b. average velocity

As an object is lowered into a deep hole in the surface of the earth, which of the following must be assumed in regard to its potential energy? a. it increases b. it decreases c. it remains constant d. one cannot tell from the information given

b. it decreases

When a collision is completely inelastic, then: a. all the kinetic energy is conserved b. all the kinetic energy is gone c. the participants stick together d. the total momentum is zero

c. the participants stick together

A car is going around a racetrack at a constant speed. The curves around the track have different radii. In which turn is the magnitude of the car's acceleration the greatest? a. it is the greatest turn with the greatest radius b. it is the greatest turn with the smallest radius c. the acceleration is zero everywhere because of the constant speed d. more information is needed to determine an answer

b. it is the greatest turn with the smallest radius

Two objects are in circular orbits of different radii around the sun. Which object has the lowest orbital speed? a. the one closest to the sun b. the one farthest from the sun c. Once in orbit around the sun, all objects have the same orbital speed regardless of distance from the sun. It is the greater radius and greater resulting circumference that causes the object farther from the sun to take longer to complete an orbit. d. this cannot be found without knowing the relative masses of objects.

b. the one farthest from the sun

In an automobile collision, how long does an airbag lessen the blow to a passenger? Assume as a result of the collision, the passenger stops. a. the airbag decreases the momentum change of the passenger in the collision b. the sopping impulse is the same for either hard objects or the airbag. Unlike the windshield or dashboard, the airbag gives some, increasing the time for the slowing process and thus decreasing the average force on the passenger. c. during the collision, the force from the airbag is greater than the force from the windshield or dashboard, so the passenger cannot hit hard objects. d. the airbag is there to ensure the seat belt holds.

b. the sopping impulse is the same for either hard objects or the airbag. Unlike the windshield or dashboard, the airbag gives some, increasing the time for the slowing process and thus decreasing the average force on the passenger. (As time increase, force on object decreases)

Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 9.8 m/s^2. Which of the following statements accurately describes the movement of the particle? a. the particle moves 9.8 m during each second b. the speed of the particle increases 9.8 m/s during each second c. the particle travels 9.8 m only during the first second d. the acceleration of the particle increases 9.8 m/s^2 during each second e. the final speed of the particle will be proportional to the distance it covers.

b. the speed of the particle increases 9.8 m/s during each second

In a system with two moving objects, when a collision occurs between the objects: a. the total kinetic energy is always conserved b. the total momentum is always conserved c. the total kinetic energy and momentum are always conserved d. neither kinetic energy or momentum is conserved

b. the total momentum is always conserved

Which statement is true regarding a ball when it is at its highest point during projectile motion? a. the ball's velocity and acceleration are both zero b. the x-component of the ball's velocity remains constant; the y-component velocity is zero. c. the ball's velocity is zero, but its acceleration is not zero d. the horizontal and vertical components of the ball's velocity are equal

b. the x-component of the ball's velocity remains constant; the y-component velocity is zero.

The area under the force-displacement curve represents: a. area b. work c. force d. coefficient of friction

b. work

A jogger runs halfway around a circular path with a radius of 70 m. What, respectively, are the magnitude of displacement and the distance jogged? Hint: the circumference of a circle is 2πr. a. 70 m, 220 m b. 70 m, 440 m c. 140 m, 220 m d. 140 m, 440 m

c. 140 m, 220 m

Suppose an equation relating position, x, to time, t, is given by x = b t^3 + c t^4, where b and c are constants. The dimensions of b and c are respectively: a. T^3,T^4 b. 1/T^3, 1/T^4 c. L/T^3, L/T^4 d. L^2/T^3, L^2/T^4

c. L/T^3, L/T^4

The quantity "moment of inertia" (in terms of the fundamental quantities of mass, length, and time) equivalent to: a. ML^2T^-1 b. ML c. ML^2 d. ML^-1T^-2

c. ML^2

When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in this region compare to the pressure in an unrestricted region adjacent? a. since this is a closed system, the pressure is the same in both regions b. in the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region, resulting in an increased pressure c. in the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region, resulting in an decreased pressure. d. in the constricted region the blood moves at a lower speed than in the unconstricted region, resulting in an increased pressure.

c. in the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region, resulting in an decreased pressure.

A ball with a mass m is dropped from a height h. Write the mechanical energy of the system: a. 1/2 mg/h^2 b. 1.2mg^2 + 1/2v^2 c. mgh + 1/2mv^2 d. gh + mv

c. mgh + 1/2mv^2

A box of mass m is placed on an incline with angle inclination of θ. The box does not slide. The magnitude of the frictional force in this case is: a. umgsinθ b. mgcosθ c. mgsinθ d. not given

c. mgsinθ

The impulse experienced by a body is equivalent of to its change in: a. velocity b. kinetic energy c. momentum d. none of the choices are valid

c. momentum

If we know an object is moving at a constant velocity, we may assume: a. there are no forces acting on the object b. the object is accelerating c. the net force acting on the object is zero d. the object is losing mass

c. the net force acting on the object is zero

In the terminology "a 500 N block", the "500 N" refers to the block's: a. mass b. force c. weight d. none of the above

c. weight

On a velocity-time graph, the slope of the straight line joining two points on the plotted curve that are separated in time by the interval delta t, is which of the following quantities? a. average steepness b. average velocity c. instantaneous velocity d. average acceleration

d. average acceleration

In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of: a. depth b. surface area c. liquid density d. both a and c are valid

d. both a and c are valid

The fluid to which Bernoulli's equation is applied is based on what being conserved for the fluid? a. its momentum b. its potential energy c. its kinetic energy d. its total mechanical energy

d. its total mechanical energy

Which of the following is a form of energy associated with an objects motion? a. potential b. thermal c. bio-chemical d. kinetic

d. kinetic

The unit of work, Joule, is dimensionally the same as: a. newton/second b. newton/kilogram c. newton-second d. newton-meter

d. newton-meter

Which formula is dimensionally consistent with an expression yielding a value for velocity? a. v/t^2 b. vx^2 c. v^2/t d. v^2t/x

d. v^2t/x

example of scalar quantities

speed mass volume area temperature energy

example of vector quantities

velocity displacement weight acceleration momentum force

If you have, or need to solve for, initial and final velocity, displacement, and time; which kinematics equation do you use?

x = 1/2 (Vi +Vf) x t

If you have, or need to solve for, initial velocity, displacement, acceleration, and time; which kinematics equation do you use?

x = Vot + 1/2 at^2