PHYSICS 2 FINAL
Three charged particles are near each other but isolated from other objects . Particle L has a charge of + 2.0μC and is located 4.0 cm above the origin on the positive y - axis . Particle M has a charge of -4.0μC and is located 8.0 cm directly below particle L. Particles L and M are fixed in place . Particle N has a charge of -1.0μC and is released from rest at 3.0 cm from the origin on the positive x - axis . Which of the following shows the initial direction of motion of particle N ?
( A )
A cube of mass m with sides of length s is completely submerged in a tank of fluid of density rand held in place by a string attached to the bottom of the tank , as shown above . The height of the fluid is h , and the string has a nonzero tension FT .
( ps³g - FT ) / s³g
A monatomic ideal gas in a sealed container is taken from state W to state Z through intermediate states X and Y , as shown in the above graph of pressure P as a function of volume V. What is the total work done on the gas as it goes from state W to state Z ? -
-2PoVo
A sample of ideal gas that is initially in state A shown on the graph above is taken through the cycle shown . What is the net work done on the gas during one cycle ?
-500 J
Related Videos A sample of ideal gas that is initially in state A shown on the graph above is taken through the cycle shown . What is the net work done on the gas during one cycle ?
-500J
Radioactive element X has a half - life of approximately 50 days . Radioactive element Y has a half - life of approximately 100 days . A 0.8 g sample of element X and a 0.8 g sample of element Y are weighed and examined . Some time later , both samples are measured again and 0.2 g of element X remains How much of element Y remains ?
0.4 g
What are the value and the direction of the current through the 5 Q resistor in the circuit shown above ?
1.0 A toward the bottom of the page
Which of the following is most nearly the battery's internal resistance ?
1.6 ohm
Water initially moving through a small horizontal cylindrical pipe enters a new section of pipe with twice the radius of the initial pipe . What is the ratio of the speed of the water in the new section of pipe to the initial speed of the water ?
1/4
Some students collect data to determine the focal length of a concave mirror . Using a small candle as the object , they move a piece of white cardboard until they see a focused image of the candle flame on it . The students measure the distances of the candle and the image from the mirror . A graph of the data is shown above . Which of the following is closest to the focal length of the mirror ?
10 cm
A student uses a convex lens to create images and collects the data shown above . The focal length of the lens is in which of the following ranges ?
10-15 cm
In the circuit shown above , R is a variable resistor . What resistance must R have so that the voltage across the 10002 resistor is 5.0 V ?
10000
. One way to model the allowed states of a hydrogen atom is to treat the atom's single electron as a standing wave with a wavelength I. Which of the following could be the radius of the orbit of the electron in such a model ? Select two answers
2 λ / π λ / 2π
The figure above shows a lens with a focal length of magnitude 30 cm when in air . An object is located 200 cm to the left of the lens . What is the approximate location of the object's image ?
35 cm to the right of the lens
Two conducting plates of area A are separated by a distance d , as shown above . The upper plate has a net charge of + Q and the lower plate has a net charge of -Q . Point P is located a distance s above the center of the lower plate and closer to the lower plate than the upper plate . Assume the plate dimensions are very large compared to d and all gravitational forces are negligible . If the magnitude of the electric field at point P is 5.0 x 104 N / C and the distance between the plates is 0.80 mm , what is the electrical potential difference between the plates ?
40 V
A container is filled with an ideal gas at a high gauge pressure and sealed with a cork of radius R that has been inserted into a circular opening of radius R. The force exerted on the cork by the gas has magnitude F . If the radii of the opening and cork are increased to 2R , what will be the magnitude of the new force exerted on the cork by the gas ?
4F
A sealed container with a lid of area 0.004 m² is filled with an ideal gas . The container and gas are allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surrounding air . If a 2000 N block is needed to keep the lid from being pushed off the container , what is the absolute pressure inside the container ( the pressure compared to vacuum ) ?
6 x 10^5 Pa
An atom of polonium ( Po - 216 ) is moving slowly enough that it can be considered to be at rest . The Po - 216 undergoes alpha decay and becomes lead ( Pb 212 ) , via the reaction 216 Po +212 Pb + a . After the decay , the lead atom is moving to the left with speed vpb , and the alpha particle is moving to the right with speed va . The masses of the three isotopes involved in the decay are given below . M Po - 216 216.001915 u Ma = 4.002603 u M Pb - 212 211.991898 u How much energy is released in the decay ?
6.90 MeV
Water flows from left to right through the horizontal section of pipe shown above . At point X the speed of the water is 4 m / s , and at Y it is 2 m / s . The density of water is 1000 kg / m³ . What is the difference in water pressure between points X and Y ?
6000 Pa
A simple circuit has a 24.0 V battery and resistors of resistance 3.0 Q , 6.0 Q , and Rall connected in parallel . Related If the current through the battery is 15.0 A , what is the value of R ?
8.0 Ω
A sample of gas has a temperature of 200 K. If the speed of every gas molecule in the sample is doubled , what is the new temperature of the gas ?
800 K
An object is placed 25.0 cm in front of a convex mirror with a radius of curvature of 30.0 cm . Where is the image located ?
9.38 cm behind the mirror
A simple ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable piston . The gas is initially in state A at a temperature of 190 K and is taken from state A to state B along the path shown in the graph above of pressure P as a function of volume V. What is the temperature of the gas in state B ?
950 K
The half - life of Po - 216 is 1/7 s . What is the probability that any particular Po - 216 atom will decay within one second
99 %
The figure above is an energy - level diagram for a hypothetical atom . The four transitions shown include the absorption of red light and the absorption of blue light . Which transition corresponds to the absorption of red light ?
A
The figure above shows lines of equal electric potential in a region of space in the plane of the page . At which labeled point is the magnitude of the electric field greatest ?
A
A block floating in water is supported by the buoyant force exerted on the block by the water . The buoyant force is created on the atomic scale primarily by which of the following electrostatic forces ?
A force of repulsion between electrons in the neutral atoms of the block and electrons in the neutral atoms of the water
On a calm day , student 1 looks down into a pool and sees student 2 swimming underwater . At the same time , student 2 looks up from under the water and sees student 1. In the following diagrams , the oval represents student 1 and the rectangle represents student 2. Diagrams that correctly illustrate the apparent positions seen by student 1 and student 2 include which of the following ? Select two answers .
A, C
Cosmic rays bombard Earth's upper atmosphere , creating subatomic particles called muons , which then stream toward the surface of Earth at nearly the speed of light . The muon is not a nucleon . It is an unstable fundamental particle with most properties the same as those of an electron but with a larger mass . In a frame of reference at rest with respect to the muon , the muon decays with a half - life of approximately 2.2 × 10-6s .
An electron , a neutrino , and an antineutrino
A positively charged particle is moving horizontally when it enters the uniform electric field between two parallel charged plates , as shown in the figure above . Which of the following correctly shows the x- and y- components of the velocity v as a function of time t ?
B
A student has three sunglass lenses . Lenses A and B have identical polarization patterns , and lens C is not polarized . Which of the following arrangements of lenses would have the most light blocked where the lenses overlap ?
B
The figure above shows a small compass C that is equidistant from the poles of two identical bar magnets . 5.5 : Daily Video Which of the following best represents the direction that the needle of the compass will point ?
B
A student conducts an experiment to investigate the relationship between the geometry of a capacitor and its capacitance . The student can adjust both the area and separation of the capacitor plates . The capacitance is measured using the capacitance setting on a digital multimeter . The student conducts five trials , numbering them in order from 1 to 5 , and creates the graph of capacitance as a function of trial number shown above . Which of the following describes how the capacitor geometry could have been changed between successive trials to generate this data ? Select two answers .
Both the plate area and separation were increased . The plate area was held constant , and the plate separation was increased .
The student now replaces the battery with a different one that has the same emf but a significantly smaller internal resistance . The student runs the experiment again and graphs the new data . Which of the following correctly describes how the new graph compares to the plot shown above ?
Both the vertical intercept and the magnitude of the slope will be greater .
In the figures below , the central dot represents the first sphere . The dashed circles are isolines with the same potential difference between adjacent circles Which of the figures best represents the isolines and electric field vectors around the first sphere while the second sphere is still far away
C
Two uncharged conducting spheres on insulating stands are in contact when a positively charged rod is brought near but does not touch them , as shown in the figure above . The right sphere is then moved far to the right and finally the rod is removed . Which of the following best shows the final distribution of excess charges , if any , on the spheres ?
C
238 , 239 U + X → U 92 239 239 . Ո ← Np + Y + v 92 93 239 239 Np → Pu + Y + v 93 94 The three reactions shown above , with unidentified particles X and Y , occur in the manufacturing process of plutonium . What particles do X and Y represent ?
D
6.6 Two wave pulses approach each other , as shown in the figure above . The pulse traveling to the right is half 6.6 : the height and twice the width of the pulse traveling to the left . Which of the following best represents the resulting shape when the peaks of the two pulses are at the same location ?
D
A monatomic ideal gas in a sealed container is taken from state W to state Z through intermediate states X and Y , as shown in the above graph of pressure P as a function of volume V. The gas is now taken from state Z to state M via an isovolumetric process in which its temperature increases . Which of the following graphs could represent this process ?
D
Four horizontal wires are arranged on vertical wooden poles , as shown in the figure above . The wires are equally spaced and have equal currents / in the directions indicated in the figure . The dots represent four charged dust particles moving in the plane of the wires . The sign of the charge on each particle and its direction of motion at a particular instant are shown . Which of the dust particles has a magnetic force exerted on it in the downward direction at this instant ?
D
The energy level diagram for a hypothetical atom is shown in the figure above . Which of the labeled transitions in the diagram would produce a photon with the shortest wavelength ?
D
The graph above represents the magnitude E of the electric field at a point in space as a function of time t . Which of the following correct equation for the field if E is in V / m and tis in s ?
E 3cos ( 2nt / 5 )
The graph above shows the electric field E of an electromagnetic wave as function of position at a particular instant . Which of the following equations , where all quantities are assumed to have units consistent with the graph , best represents the graph ?
E = 5 cos ( 2π / 10 )
Which of the following describes a difference in the behavior of an electrically conducting sphere and that of an insulating sphere ?
Excess charge placed on a conducting sphere becomes distributed over the entire surface of the sphere . Excess charge placed on an insulating sphere can remain where it is placed .
A parallel - plate capacitor is charged so that an electric field E is created between the plates . A small oil drop with charge + q is placed halfway between the plates , as shown in Figure 1 above . The force exerted on the oil drop by the electric field is determined to have a magnitude of F. The oil drop is now moved half the distance toward the negatively charged plate , as shown in Figure 2 above . What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the electric field on the oil drop at the position shown in Figure 2 ?
F
A very small , isolated sphere with charge + Q exists in an empty region of space . A second very small sphere is moved from far away to a short distance from the first sphere As the second sphere is moved at a constant velocity closer to the first sphere , data is taken for the force F exerted on the second sphere by the first sphere as a function of the separation d of the spheres . Which of the following should be graphed to yield a straight line from the data ?
F as a function of 1 / d²
Which of the following helps explain why the buoyant force exerted on an object submerged in a fluid on Earth is always directed upward ?
Fluid pressure is exerted on all surfaces of an object and increases with depth . The horizontal forces due to the pressure cancel , but the vertical forces do not .
A hollow prism in the shape of a right triangle is shown in the figure above . The prism is filled with a liquid and can be placed in any of the three orientations shown . The liquid - filled prism is placed in a large tank containing a different liquid and sinks to the bottom of the tank . Fx is the magnitude of the buoyant force exerted on the prism by the liquid in the tank when the prism is in orientation X. Fy and Fz are the buoyant forces for orientations Y and Z. Which of the following correctly ranks the three buoyant forces ?
Fx = Fy = Fz
A student measures the incident angle ; and the refracted angle 0 , of a beam of light that travels through air and then enters a material of unknown index of refraction . The student's data for several angles are shown in the table above . Which of the following procedures should the student follow so that the slope of a best - fit line will be the index of refraction of the material ?
Graph sin , as a function of sin 0 ,
Some students observe that a hollow metal sphere hanging on an insulating string is attracted to a positively charged rod . They decide that this is evidence that the sphere could also be charged . The answer to which of the following questions might determine whether they are correct ?
Is the sphere repelled by a negatively charged rod ?
Two samples of the same type of gas molecules are placed in different closed containers and are thermally isolated from each other and the environment . The figure above shows the distribution of speeds for the molecules in each of the samples . The two samples are now mixed together and allowed to reach thermal equilibrium . Which of the following is true of the peak of the distribution for the mixed sample ?
It is closer to 400 m / s than it is to 800 m / s
Which of the following is a correct description of the field diagram shown above ?
It shows field vectors for two particles with charges of opposite sign and about the same magnitude , but it could not represent their gravitational field .
Which type of electromagnetic radiation , visible light ( A10m ) or microwaves ( ~ 102m ) , exhibits more diffraction when interacting with everyday objects , and why ?
Microwaves , because their wavelength is longer than that of visible light .
A proton moving to the right in the plane of the page with speed v enters a magnetic field of magnitude B directed toward the top of the page . What is the direction of the initial magnetic force that is exerted on the proton ?
Out of the page
A student is doing experiments involving magnetic fields with the two long wires shown above , which are in the plane of the page . The student connects the ends of the left wire to a battery , creating a current in the wire toward the bottom of the page . What is the direction of the magnetic field at the location of the right wire ?
Out of the page
A closed chamber filled with a gas that is modeled as ideal has a movable piston of area A. The graph above of pressure Pas a function of volume V shows three processes that make up cycle XYZX through which the gas is taken . Process ZX is isothermal . What is the force exerted on the piston by the gas during process XY ?
P1A
A student is given a sample of gas that is at room temperature and is sealed in a container by a movable piston . Which of the following adjustments would allow the student to increase the pressure of the gas ? Select two answers .
Put the container in a tank of room - temperature water and push the piston inward . Put the container in a tank of hot water and hold the piston in place .
The figures above represent three metal spheres on insulating stands . Initially sphere A has charge + Q , and spheres B and C are uncharged . Spheres B and C are in contact when sphere A is brought near sphere B but does not touch it , as shown on the left . Sphere C is then separated from sphere B , as shown on the right . Which of the following best describes the final charges on spheres B and C ?
Sphere B Sphere C Negative Positive
A fixed quantity of an ideal monatomic gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume . Which of the following is true and helps explain why a decrease in the temperature of the gas results in a decrease in its pressure ?
The average speed of the collection of gas molecules decreases , so on average the molecules exert less force on the container when they collide with it .
A beam of identical positively charged ions moves from left to right between two parallel plates , as shown in the figure on the left above . A wire is located below the plates and parallel to the ion beam . The distance between the plates , the length of the plates , and the distance between the ion beam and the wire are known . A current I in the wire deflects the ion beam from a straight path . The potential difference e across the plates is then adjusted to return the beam to the straight path . The graph above plots the potential difference across the plates as a function of the current in the wire . Which of the following can be determined from the slope of the graph ? Select two answers .
The average speed of the ions in the beam , The time an ion the plates
Which of the following data can be used to calculate the focal length of a thin converging lens ? Select two answers .
The distance from the lens to the object and the distance from the lens to the A image The distance from the lens to the object and the magnification and orientation of B the image
Two conducting plates of area A are separated by a distance d , as shown above . The upper plate has a net charge of + Q and the lower plate has a net charge of -Q . Point P is located a distance s above the center of the lower plate and closer to the lower plate than the upper plate . Assume the plate dimensions are very large compared to d and all gravitational forces are negligible . Which of the following indicates the direction of the electric field at point P and the reason it has that direction ?
The electric field is in the -y direction because electric fields point away from positive charge and toward negative charge .
In scenario 1 , a test charge is placed at location P in an external electric field . In scenario 2 , the test charge is removed and a new test charge with a slightly different charge is placed at location P. Which of the following quantities will be the same in both scenarios ? Select two answers .
The electric potential at location P and The electric field at location P
Cosmic rays bombard Earth's upper atmosphere , creating subatomic particles called muons , which then stream toward the surface of Earth at nearly the speed of light . The muon is not a nucleon . It is an unstable fundamental particle with most properties the same as those of an electron but with a larger mass . In a frame of reference at rest with respect to the muon , the muon decays with a half - life of approximately 2.2 × 10-6s . In the most common form of muon decay , the total mass of the measured products is found to be much less than the mass of the muon . Which of the following best explains the measured discrepancy in mass ?
The energy equivalent of the lost mass is transferred to the products , so they have a greater total kinetic energy than the muon had .
A cube of mass m with sides of length s is completely submerged in a tank of fluid of density rand held in place by a string attached to the bottom of the tank , as shown above . The height of the fluid is h , and the string has a nonzero tension FT . Which of the following indicates how the density of the cube compares with the density of the fluid and provides correct evidence for the comparison ?
The fact that there is tension in the string is evidence that the density of the cube is less than the density of the fluid .
A toy boat sits atop a cylinder of ice in a beaker , as shown above on the left . A normal force is exerted on the boat by the surface of the ice . Later the ice has melted , and the boat floats while partially submerged in the water , as shown on the right . A buoyant force is exerted on the boat by the water . Which of the forces , if either , is greater and why ?
The forces are equal because in both cases the net interatomic force exerted by the ice or water on the boat and the gravitational force on the boat balance .
A sample of gas is in a sealed container whose volume is held fixed . The pressure of the gas is measured 2.10 as its absolute temperature is increased . A graph of pressure measurements as a function of temperature is shown above . According to the ideal gas law , which of the following is expected if the sealed container's volume is increased to three times the original value and the experiment is repeated ?
The graph will show a linear relationship that still extrapolates to the origin , but with a smaller slope .
The graph above of pressure as a function of volume illustrates a thermodynamic process for an ideal gas in an engine . Which of the following best describes the change in the internal energy of the gas and the work done during the process
The internal energy decreases , and positive work is done by the gas .
A student has a nonideal 10 V battery , some resistors , a voltmeter , and an ohmmeter and wants to determine the internal resistance of the battery and whether the resistors are ohmic . The student uses the ohmmeter to measure the resistance of each resistor . The student then connects the voltmeter across the battery terminals and one at a time connects each resistor to the battery . The table above shows the student's data . Which of the following indicates what can be concluded about the battery and resistors ?
The internal resistance of the battery is about 102 , and the ohmic nature of the resistors cannot be confirmed using only one potential difference measurement each .
A proton and an electron are held a short distance apart and released from rest . The only nonnegligible forces on the particles are the electrostatic forces they exert on each other . Which of the following statements is true ?
The magnitude of the acceleration of the proton is less than the magnitude of the acceleration of the electron .
The system in the figure above consists of a conducting bar moving with negligible friction along a pair of stationary parallel conducting rails that are connected to a light bulb , forming a circuit . The rails are slightly tilted from horizontal , and the system is in a uniform magnetic field B that is perpendicular to the plane of the rails and pointing up . As the bar slides downward along the rails , a current is induced that causes the bulb to light . Which of the following statements is true about the energy in the system or the forces exerted on the sliding bar ?
The motion of the bar is determined by the magnetic force due to the induced current and a component of the force of gravity , which are in opposite directions
Two identical containers , X and Y , each contain one mole of an ideal monatomic gas . The atoms in container X have a higher average kinetic energy than those in container Y. The containers are thermally insulated from the external environment and placed into thermal contact with each other at time t = 0. Which of the following accurately describes the interactions between containers X and Y ?
The net result is that energy is transferred from container X to container Y.
An ideal fluid is moving from left to right through a pipe , as shown in the figure above . The diameter of the pipe decreases and the height increases from left to right . True statements about the pressure of the fluid as it moves through the pipe include which of the following ? Select two answers .
The pressure tends to decrease due to the increase in the fluid's speed as the pipe gets narrower . The pressure decrease due to the increase in the potential energy of the fluid - Earth system as the pipe gets higher .
In the circuit above , the current through the battery a long time after switch S is closed is 2 A. What is the resistance of resistor R ?
The resistance of resistor R cannot be determined from information about the steady state .
How do the momentum and kinetic energy of the polonium atom compare with the total momentum and kinetic energy of the decay products ? Polonium Momentum | Polonium Kinetic Energy
The same | Different
2 : Capacitor A capacitor initially has only air between its plates . The charge on the capacitor as function of applied potential difference is measured , and the results are shown in graph 1 above . The capacitor is discharged , a dielectric material is inserted between the plates , and the charge as a function of applied potential difference is measured again . The results are shown in graph 2. Which of the following is equal to the dielectric constant of the material inserted into the capacitor ?
The slope of graph 2 divided by the slope of graph 1
A rectangular loop of copper wire is attached to a cart by an insulating rod . The cart is moving at constant speed when it enters a region containing a uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the loop and directed into the page , as shown above . Frictional losses are negligible . Which of the following correctly describes the speed of the cart as it moves into , through , and out of the field ?
The speed decreases as the cart enters and leaves the field but is constant while it is completely inside the field .
Some students are trying to determine whether the radius of a metal sphere affects the amount of charge that it can hold . The students have metal spheres of different radii and known masses that can be attached to a stand by a string , as shown above . The stand is midway between a set of large plates that are connected to a battery to create a nearly uniform electric field in the region between them and near their centers . The students rub a rod with cloth and touch it to each sphere to charge the sphere , and they observe the deflection of the sphere as it is attracted to one plate . They keep adding charge to each sphere until they cannot observe any change in deflection . Which of the following data will give them information that is useful for quantitatively comparing the amount of charge on each sphere ?
The string's angle of deflection
A supernova explosion occurs at a distance of 2 × 1020 m from Earth . The supernova simultaneously emits radiation at both visible and x - ray wavelengths . Which of the following statements best describes the time it takes for the two types of radiation from the supernova to reach Earth ?
The two types of radiation reach Earth at the same time , many years after the supernova explosion .
Related A small , well - insulated building is kept cool on a hot day . A person in the building holds a hand close to , but not touching , a solid metal door to the outside and feels warmth coming from the metal door . Which statement best describes how most of the energy is transferred from the outside to the person's hand ?
Thermal energy from the outside is conducted through the metal door . The door radiates energy that is detected by the person's hand .
A sample of a gas is in a container with a movable piston . Only one action performed to take the gas from state A to state B via the process shown in equation the above graph of pressure as a function of volume . Which of the following could be the one action ?
Thermal energy was added to the gas .
When two bowling balls are held with their centers 30 centimeters apart , they exert a gravitational force of magnitude F on each other . For two free protons to exert a net force of magnitude F on each other , the protons must be separated by a distance of approximately 1 x 1010m . Under these conditions , will the protons attract or repel each other , and why ?
They will repel each other , because the repulsive electrical force between the protons is much stronger than the attractive gravitational force .
Cosmic rays bombard Earth's upper atmosphere , creating subatomic particles called muons , which then stream toward the surface of Earth at nearly the speed of light . The muon is not a nucleon . It is an unstable fundamental particle with most properties the same as those of an electron but with a larger mass . In a frame of reference at rest with respect to the muon , the muon decays with a half - life of approximately 2.2 × 10-6s . The number of muons that reach Earth's surface without decaying is higher than would be expected from the known half - life for muon decay . The measured discrepancy arises because the muons are moving close to the speed of light . Which of the following is a consequence of the high speed of the muons and best explains the measured discrepancy ?
Time intervals as measured in Earth's rest frame are different from time intervals measured in the rest frame of a muon , so more muons reach Earth's surface .
Some students drew the figure above as a representation that could be either a topographic ( elevation ) map , with the arrows representing the direction of downward slope , or electric equipotentials and electric field direction near some charged particles . Which of the following correctly describes what is inside the empty regions for each representation ?
Topographic Map Electric Potentials and Field Peak at upper left ; Positive charge at upper left ; valley at lower right negative charge at lower right
A student holds a lens 40 cm from an object and observes an enlarged image on a screen on the opposite side of the lens . Which of the following could be the type of lens and its focal length ?
Type of Lens Focal Length Converging 30 cm
Two waves are created in air and move toward outer space . Wave X cannot travel in the vacuum of outer space , but wave Ycan . What types of waves are X and Y ?
Wave X Wave Y Mechanical Electromagnetic
Louis de Broglie proposed that all forms of matter have both wave properties and particle properties . Which of the following explains why diffraction effects are observable only for small - scale objects ?
Wavelengths of large - scale objects are much smaller than any aperture through which the objects could pass .
A student is given two different convex spherical mirrors and asked to determine which of the mirrors has the shorter focal length . Answering which of the following questions would allow the student to make this determination ? Select two answers .
Which mirror has a larger magnification for a given object distance ? Which mirror has a smaller radius of curvature ?
A closed chamber filled with a gas that is modeled as ideal has a movable piston of area A. The graph above of pressure P as a function of volume V shows three processes that make up cycle XYZX through which the gas is taken . Process ZX is isothermal .
YZ
The figures above show three circuits , each containing the same battery and identical capacitors . Which circuit has the largest stored charge when it reaches steady state ?
Z
A closed chamber filled with a gas that is modeled as ideal has a movable piston of area A. The graph above of pressure P as a function of volume V shows three processes that make up cycle XYZX through which the gas is taken . Process ZX is isothermal . During which process is the amount of work done on the gas equal to the amount of energy that the gas exchanges with its surroundings through heating or cooling ?
ZX
The graphs above show the electric field as a function of position at some instant of time for four different electromagnetic plane waves . Which of the following correctly ranks the frequency f of the waves ?
f1>f3>f4>f2
A student designs an experiment intended to determine the thermal conductivity of an unknown material . Two 15 cm long bars with the same cross - sectional area are joined together , as shown in the figure above . The bar on the left is made of copper , and the bar on the right is made of the unknown material . The left and right ends of the two - bar combination are maintained at 40 ° C and 20 ° C , respectively , and the bars reach equilibrium . The student then measures the temperature T along the bars and produces the data shown in the graph , where x = 0 is the left end and 30 cm is the right end . The experimental uncertainty in the data is negligible . Which of the following can the student conclude about kc , the thermal conductivity of copper , compared with ky , the thermal conductivity of the unknown material ?
kc > ku
A student is comparing three lenses of the same size and shape that are made of different materials . A small object , represented by the thick black arrow , is held on one side of each lens . The ray diagrams above show the formation of the image , represented by the gray arrow , for each lens . Which of the following correctly ranks the index of refraction n of the lenses ?
n2n1 > n3
Which of the following proposed reactions are allowed by the law of conservation of electric charge ? Select two answers .
np ++ e + v and 238U → 234Th + He
A hollow prism in the shape of a right triangle is shown in the figure above . The prism is filled with a liquid and can be placed in any of the three orientations shown . The prism is emptied of liquid . It is then submerged in another liquid with refractive indexes of 1.3 for red light and 1.4 for blue light . A beam of white light enters the prism . Which of the diagrams below shows the paths of red and blue light rays as they exit the prism ?
prism B
In the circuit represented above , resistors R1 and R2 , capacitor C , and open switch S are connected to a battery . The circuit reaches equilibrium . The switch is then closed , and the circuit is allowed to come to a Related new equilibrium . Which of the following is a true statement about the charge qfstored on the capacitor after the switch is closed compared with the charge q ; stored on the capacitor before the switch is closed ?
qf < qi
A battery with emf 6.0 V and an internal resistance ris connected to a resistor of resistance R , as shown in Figure 1 above . The current in the circuit is 2.0 A. When an identical battery is added to the circuit in series , as shown in Figure 2 , the current in the circuit is 3.0 A. Which of the following statements about the resistances in the circuit is true ?
r and R are comparable in magnitude , but they are not equal .
An electron is moving to the right , as shown in the figure above . It passes through the shaded region , which contains a magnetic field directed into the page . The electron travels along a path that takes through point P. The gravitational force on the electron is negligible . Which of the following is a possible path of the electron ?
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