Physics Chapter 10*
A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later?
100
An airplane travels at 141 km/h toward the northeast. What is its component of velocity due north?
100 km/h
A river 100 m wide flows due south at 1 m/s. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water is pointed due east as it crosses from the west bank. The boat reaches the east bank
100 m farther south than where it started.
A river 100 m wide flows due south. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water is pointed due east as it crosses from the west bank. The boat crosses in
100 s.
Consider a monkey wrench released at rest at the far edge of the solar system. Suppose that it drops to the Earth by virtue of only Earth gravity. It will strike the Earth's surface with a speed of about
11.2 km/s.
An object is dropped and freely falls to the ground with an acceleration of 1 g. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, its acceleration will be
1 g downward.
An airplane that flies at 100 km/h in a 100 km/h hurricane crosswind has a ground speed of
141 km/h.
A river 100 m wide flows due south. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water is pointed due east as it crosses from the west bank. Relative to the Earth, the boat travels
141 m.
The ground speed of an airplane that has an airspeed of 200 km/h when it is in a 200-km/h crosswind is
283 km/h.
Two projectiles are fired from ground level at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30 degrees and the other at 60 degrees. The projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at (neglect air resistance)
30 degrees.
A projectile is fired into the air at an angle of 50 degrees with the ground and lands on a target that is at the same level at which the projectile started. It will also land on the target if it is fired at an angle of
40 degrees.
A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff. One second after it has left your hand, its vertical distance below the top of the cliff is
5 m.
A projectile is launched vertically upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is
50 m/s.
A bullet is fired horizontally with an initial velocity of 300 m/s from a tower 20 m high. If air resistance is negligible, the horizontal distance the bullet travels before hitting the ground is about
600 m
A projectile is launched at ground level an angle of 15 degrees above the horizontal and lands down range. What other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down-range distance?
75 degrees
It takes Pluto a longer time to orbit the sun than the Earth does because Pluto
Choices A and B are both correct
A satellite describes an elliptical orbit about a planet. The satellite travels much faster when it is directly over a
None of the above choices affects its speed very much.
A satellite near the Earth makes a full circle in about an hour and a half. How long would a satellite located as far away as the moon take to orbit the Earth?
about 28 days
Throw an object upward at a 45 degree angle. With no gravity it will follow a straight-line path. But because of gravity, at the end of 1 second, it is
about 5 m below the straight line.
Without air resistance, a projectile fired horizontally at 8 km/s from atop a mountain would
accelerate downward at g as it moves horizontally; trace a curve that matches the earth's curvature; and return later to its starting position and repeat its falling behavior.
Both Newton and Kepler considered forces on the planets. Kepler hypothesized the direction of the forces was
along their directions of travel.
A bullet fired horizontally from a rifle begins to fall
as soon as it leaves the barrel.
Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above the Earth's
atmosphere.
A river 100 m wide flows due south at 1 m/s. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water leaves the west bank. To land at a point due east of its starting point, the boat must be pointed
nowhere—it can't be done.
Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky. This is because these satellites are
orbiting the Earth with a 24-hour period.
The tangential velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity
parallel to the surface of the Earth.
A bullet fired horizontally over level ground hits the ground in 0.5 second. If it had been fired with twice the speed in the same direction, it would have hit the ground in
0.5 s.
Pioneer 10 was able to escape the solar system by
bouncing off" Jupiter like a tennis ball bouncing off an approaching tennis racket.
Rockets that launch satellites into orbit need less thrust when fired from
Hawaii
A satellite in an elliptical orbit travels at constant
None of these.
What prevents satellites such as the space shuttle from falling?
Nothing; they are continually falling as they orbit the Earth.
A ball player wishes to determine pitching speed by throwing a ball horizontally from an elevation of 5 m above the ground. The player sees the ball land 20 m down range. What is the player's pitching speed?
about 20 m/s
An airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 50 meters. The pilot drops a heavy package which falls to the ground. Where, approximately, does the package land relative to the plane's new position?
beneath the plane
Angular momentum is conserved for a satellite in
circular orbit; and elliptical orbit.
If a satellite's radial velocity is zero at all times, its orbit must be
circular.
Our moon travels the fastest as it orbits the Earth when it is
closest.
A rock is thrown upward at 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, neglecting air drag, its vertical component of velocity
decreases.
According to Kepler's laws, the paths of planets about the sun are
ellipses.
The force of gravity does work on a satellite when it is in
elliptical orbit.
A vertically oriented rocket that is somehow able to maintain a continuous upward velocity of 8 km/s will
escape from the Earth.
An Earth satellite is simply a projectile
freely falling around the Earth.
Consider a moon that orbits one of our most distant planets in an elliptical path. The distance that the moon covers each day is
greatest when the moon is closest to the planet.
A projectile is fired horizontally in a region of no air resistance. The projectile maintains its horizontal component of velocity because
it is not acted on by any horizontal forces.
The Early Bird communication satellite hovers over the same point on Earth's equator indefinitely. This is because
its orbital period is 24 hours.
A lunar month is about 28 days. If the moon were closer to the Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be
less than 28 days.
Minimal orbital speed about the Earth is about 8 km/s. Minimal orbital speed about the moon would be
less than 8 km/s.
A woman on the surface of the Earth has a mass of 50 kilograms and a weight of 490 newtons. If the woman were floating freely inside a space habitat far away from Earth, she would have
less weight and the same mass.
A "weightless" astronaut in an orbiting shuttle is
like the shuttle, pulled by Earth's gravitation.
An object is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance, the time for its descent will be
longer than the ascent time.
Compared to the period of satellites in orbit close to the Earth, the period of satellites in orbit far from the Earth is
longer.
From Earth, one satellite appears to overtake another. The faster satellite is
lower.
A lunar month is about 28 days. If the moon were farther from the Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be
more than 28 days.
Minimal orbit speed about the Earth is about 8 km/s. Minimal orbital speed about Jupiter would be
more than 8 km/s.
An Earth satellite is in an elliptical orbit. The satellite travels fastest when it is
nearest the Earth.
A rocket coasts in an elliptical orbit about the Earth. To attain escape velocity using the least amount of fuel in a brief firing time, should it fire off at the apogee, or at the perigee? (Hint: Let "Fd = change in KE" guide your thinking.)
perigee, where it is closest and fastest
Acceleration is greater for a satellite when it is at the
perigee.
The radial velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity
perpendicular to the surface of the Earth.
The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's
radial distance.
Roll a bowling ball off the edge of a table. As it falls, its horizontal component of velocity
remains constant.
A rock is thrown upward at 50 degrees with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, neglecting air drag, its horizontal component of velocity
remains unchanged.
A projectile is fired vertically from the surface of the Earth at 5 km/s. The projectile will
rise and fall back to the Earth's surface.
A projectile is fired vertically from the surface of the Earth at 8 km/s. The projectile will
rise and fall back to the Earth's surface.
Angular momentum is greater for a satellite when it is at the
same at apogee and perigee
Acceleration due to gravity on the moon is less than on Earth, and the moon is smaller than Earth. So compared to an Earth satellite, a satellite in close orbit about the moon would travel
slower.
Which would require the greater change in the Earth's orbital speed (30 km/s); slowing down so the Earth crashes into the sun, or speeding up so the Earth escapes the sun?
slowing down
Which of the following is not a vector quantity?
speed
The circular path of a satellite orbiting the Earth is characterized by a constant
speed; acceleration; and radial distance.
Which would require the greater energy; slowing down of the orbital speed of the Earth so it crashes into the sun, or speeding up the orbital speed of the Earth so it escapes the sun?
speeding up
A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees above the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first?
the dropped one
A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 2 degrees below the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first?
the fired one
The fastest moving planet in a solar system is
the planet nearest the sun.
After a rock thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls a short distance, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance)
the same as it was at the top of its path.
The speeds of the planets about the sun depend on
their distances from the sun.
Planets would crash into the sun if it weren't for
their tangential velocities.
