Physics Chapter 11

*Antimatter*

A "complementary" form of matter composed of antiparticles having the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but being opposite in charge.

*The periodic table of the elements*

A chart that lists the elements in horizontal rows by their atomic number and in vertical columns by their similar electron arrangements and chemical properties.

*electrical force* chemical properties are based on the number and arrangement of valence electrons. Electrons are affected by electromagnetic forces between a nucleus and other electrons

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n) gravitational force. nuclear force. friction force. electrical force. none of these

*Molecule*

A group of atoms held together by a sharing of electrons. Atoms combine to form molecules.

*Compound*

A material in which atoms of different elements are chemically bonded to one another.

*Element*

A pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom.

*Mixture*

A substance whose components are mixed together without combining chemically.

*random motions of atoms and molecules*

Brownian motion has to do with the -rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid. -atomic vibrations. -random motions of atoms and molecules. -size of atoms. -first direct measurement of atomic motion.

*16 times as great* Hydrogen has 1 proton 1 electron Oxygen has 6 protons and 6 neutrons 6 electrons

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is -12 times as great. -appreciably more than 16 times as great. -16 times as great. -8 times as great.

*Isotopes*

Different forms of an atom that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

*two* Hydrogen and oxygen

How many different elements are in a water molecule? -four -none -three -one -two

*still not be able to see or photograph an atom.*

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would -still not be able to see or photograph an atom. -be able to see individual atoms. -be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.

*short-lived* There is strong reason to believe that in the part of the universe we know galaxies are made of normal matter

In our part of the universe, antimatter is -long-lived. -plentiful. -short-lived. -non-existent.

*ancient stars* Most of the simplest atoms where produced during the big bang, or the origins of the universe. More complex atoms are produced in stars.

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in -the Earth. -the mother's womb. -ancient stars. -the food the mother eats before giving birth. -none of these

*all of these* The air in the room is made of atoms that are constantly moving on an atomic level giving them energy, they are also a gas and are moving on a molecular level giving them energy. They're made of matter, so they have mass and weight

The air in this room has -energy. -weight. -mass. -all of these none of these

*Atomic nucleus*

The core of an atom, consisting of two basic subatomic particles--protons and neutrons.

*Brownian motion*

The haphazard movement of tiny particles suspended in a gas or liquid resulting from their bombardment by the fast-moving atoms or molecules of the gas or liquid.

*Atomic number*

The number that designates the identity of an element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; in a neutral atom, the atomic number is also the number of electrons in the atom.

*Atom*

The smallest particle of an element that has all of the element's chemical properties.

*Atomic mass unit (amu)*

The standard unit of atomic mass, which is equal to one-twelfth the mass of the common atom of carbon, arbitrarily given the value of exactly 12. One amu has a mass of 1.661 × 10⁻²⁴ grams.

*Quantum mechanics*

The theory of the small-scale world that includes predicated wave properties of matter.

*the whole world*

There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of -the United States. -a large city. -the whole world. -a large auditorium. -none of these

*None of the above is true* one proton needs to be added to gold, or removed from mercury

To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be added to the mercury nucleus. added to the gold nucleus. removed from the mercury nucleus. removed from the gold nucleus None of the above is true.

*Dark matter*

Unseen and unidentified matter that is evident by its gravitational pull on stars in the galaxies. Along with dark energy, dark matter constitutes perhaps 90% of the stuff of the universe.

1 gram of matter turns to radiant energy and then there is only 2 grams of antimatter left

What happens when 1 gram of matter meets 3 grams of antimatter? How much matter and/or antimatter is left after the meeting?

*the number of protons*

What makes an element distinct? the number of neutrons the total mass of all the particles the number of electrons the number of protons none of these

*None. All of the above choices are mixtures.* None of these are elements, compounds or molecules. They are mixtures of several different elements, compounds or molecules

Which of the following is not a mixture? -beach sand -cake -air -granite -None. All of the above choices are mixtures.

*There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances*

Which of the following statements is true? A large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope. An atom is the smallest particle known to exist. There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances. There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances. None of these statements are true.

*Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance*

Which of these statements is true? -Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance. -A molecule is the smallest particle that exists. -Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules. -Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance. -None of these statements is true.