physics chapter 7

Glass in a florist's greenhouse blocks radiation of low frequency. high frequency. all frequencies.

low frequency.

When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing occurs is dependent on the shape of salt and ice crystals. quite unaffected. increased. lowered.

lowered

Melting and freezing are both opposite processes. changes of phase. processes of molecular transfer. all of the above

all of the above

Radiant energy emitted by our planet is the result of radioactivity in Earth's interior. electromagnetic. terrestrial energy. all of the above

all of the above

Compared to a glass of ice water with ice, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warm day will warm up faster. slower. in the same amount of time.

faster

The process of convection occurs in gases. liquids. solids. fluids. none of the above

fluids

A good absorber of radiation is a poor emitter of radiation. good emitter of radiation. good reflector. none of the above

good emitter of radiation.

A poor conductor of heat is a poor insulator. good insulator. neither

good insulator.

The silver coating on the glass surfaces of a Thermos bottle reduces energy that is transferred by conduction. convection. friction. radiation. none of the above

radiation.

Suppose you want to save energy and you're going to leave your cool house for a half hour on a hot day. You should turn the temperature setting on the air conditioner down. off. up. to room temperature.

off

If the greenhouse effect on Earth were absent, Earth's average temperature would be about -18°C. appreciably warmer. as it is now.

-18°C.

Which would burn the most? 100 g of water at 100°C 100 g of steam at 100°C both equal

100 g of steam at 100°C

The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at a great variety of speeds. much the same speeds. constant speeds.

a great variety of speeds.

In the mountains, water boils at a lower temperature than at sea level. a higher temperature than at sea level. the same temperature as at sea level.

a lower temperature than at sea level.

The gush of steam that issues from the escape valve of a pressure cooker is relatively cool above the opening where expansion is prominent. close to the opening. none of the above

above the opening where expansion is prominent.

Objects that are good radiators generally absorb radiation relatively well. reflect radiation relatively well. both neither

absorb radiation relatively well.

When ice changes phase to become water, energy is released. unchanged. absorbed.

absorbed

The pupil of your eye is a net emitter of radiant energy. absorber of radiant energy. neither

absorber of radiant energy.

When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid absorbs energy. releases energy. neither releases nor absorbs energy.

absorbs energy.

Alcohol evaporates faster than water at the same temperature. Which cools your skin more: alcohol, or the same amount of water, evaporating from your skin? alcohol water

alcohol

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for warmth, you would be warmer in a tent. an igloo. a wooden house.

an igloo.

A soda pop can with a small amount of water is on a hot stove. Soon steam comes from its opening. When the can is quickly inverted into a pan of water, the can is crushed by a drop in pressure. atmospheric pressure. suction of the can interior. condensation.

atmospheric pressure.

Boiling can be thought of as evaporation beneath the surface of water. that cools instead of warming. at its extreme.

beneath the surface of water.

Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a black pot. silver pot. depends on size, not color.

black pot.

Hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a silver pot. black pot. depends on size, not color.

black pot.

If you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared with cooking at sea level you should use a hotter flame. boil the eggs for a longer time. boil the eggs for a shorter time. none of the above

boil the eggs for a longer time.

Heating the Earth's atmosphere is caused by energy production. consumption. both neither

both

If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its temperature decreases. thermal energy decreases. both neither

both

If an object radiates more energy than it reflects, its temperature decreases. thermal energy decreases. both neither

both

Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that are warming. cooling. both none of the above

both

Put a saucer of water on your table. A process that occurs in the saucer is condensation. evaporation. both neither

both

Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam releases additional energy when it condenses. has more energy per kilogram than boiling water. both neither

both

Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less pressure. density. both

both

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the higher-temperature molecules are hydrogen. oxygen. both the same not enough information

both the same

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the molecules having the greatest average kinetic energy are hydrogen. oxygen. both the same. not enough information

both the same.

Which requires more energy? melting a gram of 0°C ice changing 1 gram of 100°C water to 100°C steam increasing the temperature of 1 gram of water from 0°C to 100°C all the same

changing 1 gram of 100°C water to 100°C steam

A red-hot piece of iron will cool faster in a warm room. cold room. same in each.

cold room.

The dew that forms on a cold soda can when taken from a refrigerator is due to sublimation. evaporation. condensation. none of the above

condensation

Consider a steaming aluminum soda-pop can that contains a small amount of boiling water. When it is quickly inverted into a bath of cooler water, the can is dramatically crushed. This is due to the rapidly reduced pressure inside the can by reduced thermal energy. contact with the relatively cool water. condensation of steam inside. rapid conduction of heat to the relatively cool water. sudden slowing of the air and steam molecules inside.

condensation of steam inside.

We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are condensing on our bodies. evaporating from our moist bodies. preventing the evaporation from our moist bodies

condensing on our bodies.

If air were a better conductor than it is, nighttimes on Earth would be considerably warmer. considerably colder. not appreciably different in temperature.

considerably colder.

Steam burns are much more damaging than boiling-water burns because steam is gaseous. contains more thermal energy. has a higher temperature. is hotter

contains more thermal energy.

Coastal winds shift from night to day due to radiation. convection. conduction. all about equally.

convection

The process of boiling water tends to both warm and cool the water at the same time. have no effect on water's temperature. warm the water. cool the water.

cool the water.

Pigs wallow in mud mainly to decrease thermal conductivity. shield themselves from the Sun. cool themselves by evaporation.

cool themselves by evaporation.

Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is cooler. still warm. neither

cooler

Hot steam that issues from a pressure cooker expands and cools. can cause severe burns. increases in temperature. all of the above none of the above

cools

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it warms. cools. neither

cools

Boiling and freezing can occur at the same time when water is subjected to increased temperatures. decreased atmospheric pressure. decreased temperatures. increased atmospheric pressure.

decreased atmospheric pressure.

The Sun's radiant energy is composed of shorter wavelengths than the Earth's because the Sun has a higher temperature than the Earth. is an energy source while the Earth is primarily an energy receiver. has much more thermal energy. none of the above

has a higher temperature than the Earth.

The higher the temperature of an object, the lower frequency it radiates. higher frequency it radiates. none of the above

higher frequency it radiates.

Food is cooked faster in a pressure cooker because of the increased thermal energy in the water. higher temperature. greater rate of bubble formation in the water. none of the above

higher temperature.

An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its temperature is higher than its surroundings. lower than its surroundings. neither

higher than its surroundings.

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the faster molecules on average are hydrogen. oxygen. both the same. not enough information

hydrogen

When a volume of air is compressed, its temperature decreases. increases. neither

increases

Glass and the atmosphere are largely opaque to ultraviolet light. visible light. infrared light.

infrared light.

Transparency of the atmosphere is lowest for radiation of visible light. infrared light. ultraviolet light.

infrared light.

Your toes feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug is a better insulator than tile. has more thermal energy than tile. is usually warmer than tile. all of the above none of the above

is a better insulator than tile.

The average frequency of radiant energy is directly proportional to the Fahrenheit temperature of the emitter. Celsius temperature of the emitter. kelvin temperature of the emitter. all of the above none of the above

kelvin temperature of the emitter.

A star that is twice as hot as another has twice the Fahrenheit temperature. any of the above Celsius temperature. kelvin temperature. none of the above

kelvin temperature.

A mixture of light and heavy molecules make up a sample of gas. The temperature of the gas is constant, which means all the molecules have the same average speed. kinetic energy. both none of the above

kinetic energy.

When bringing water to a boil in the mountains, the time needed to reach the boiling point is the same as at sea level. more than at sea level. less than at sea level.

less than at sea level.

If a poor absorber of radiation were a good emitter, its temperature would be less than its surroundings. the same as its surroundings. more than its surroundings.

less than its surroundings.

At the same temperature, which move with the greater speed in a gas? heavy molecules light molecules both have equal average speeds

light molecules

Both heavy and light molecules make up a sample of gas. On average, the faster molecules are the heavy ones. no difference light ones. not enough information

light ones.

Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to similar thermal and electrical conductive properties. ability of metals to transfer energy easily. relatively high densities of metals. high elasticity of metals. looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

One of the main reasons people can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning their feet has to do with low thermal conductivity of the coals. mind over matter techniques. low temperature of the coals.

low thermal conductivity of the coals.

Suppose you want to save energy and you're going to leave your warm house for a half hour on a cold day. You should turn the thermostat down. off. up. to room temperature.

off

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the slower molecules on average are hydrogen. oxygen. both the same. not enough information

oxygen

Sublimation is a change of phase from solid to gas without a transfer of energy. passing through the liquid phase. a change of temperature.

passing through the liquid phase.

A good reflector of radiation is a good emitter of radiation. good absorber of radiation. poor absorber of radiation. none of the above

poor absorber of radiation.

A good heat conductor is a good insulator. poor insulator. neither

poor insulator.

Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to prevent boiling. promote boiling. neither

prevent boiling.

The Earth loses heat mainly by conduction. convection. radiation. none of the above

radiation

An researcher discovers a harmless and tasteless salt, which, when added to water changes its boiling point. The market value for this salt will be best if the salt raises the boiling point of water. lowers the boiling point of water. either

raises the boiling point of water.

When gases change to a liquid phase, they absorb energy. release energy. neither absorb nor release energy.

release energy.

When water changes to ice, water molecules retain their energy. lose the quality of wetness. release energy. absorb energy.

release energy.

When a gas changes phase to become a solid, energy is absorbed. released. unchanged.

released

When steam condenses to water, energy is released. absorbed. conserved as the phase change occurs. transformed to a different form.

released

When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas releases energy. absorbs energy. neither

releases energy.

If molecules in a sample of gas moved so they completely missed each other, the gas's temperature would remain unchanged. decrease. increase.

remain unchanged.

When heat is added to boiling water, the water temperature remains the same. increases. decreases.

remains the same.

Suppose you are served coffee at a restaurant before you are ready to drink it. In order for it to be the hottest when you are ready for it, you should add cream right away. at any time. when you are ready to drink the coffee.

right away.

The higher the frequency of a wave, the shorter the wavelength. longer the wavelength. neither

shorter the wavelength.

The higher the temperature of an object, the longer the wavelengths it radiates. shorter the wavelengths it radiates. none of the above

shorter the wavelengths it radiates.

To minimize heat loss it is best that a teapot be silver. black. depends on size, not color.

silver

A good insulator slows heat transfer. quickens heat transfer. prevents heat transfer.

slows heat transfer.

Keep decreasing the shaking of atoms in a liquid and it will harden. solidify. melt.

solidify

To say you can never change only one thing means that when you change something, only one other thing will change. you can't do it again. something else changes.

something else changes.

A friend says that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling shows this statement is false. supports this statement. none of the above

supports this statement.

The interior of a greenhouse emits long-wavelength radiation due to its temperature. transparency. green color. plant cell structure.

temperature

A can of soft drink will cool faster if placed in what part of a refrigerator? the main part of the refrigerator the freezer compartment both locations should cool the can at the same rate

the freezer compartment

Evaporation is a cooling process because heat is radiated during the process. the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid. of conduction and convection. the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases. none of the above

the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid.

A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because water is an excellent conductor of heat. the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains. the inside of the paper is wet. paper is a good conductor of heat.

the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains.

A hot dog pants to bring more oxygen into its lungs. to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract. to impress dogs of the opposite sex. for no particular reason-some things just happen.

to help evaporation occur in its mouth and bronchial tract.

We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air striking our bodies transfer some of their kinetic energies to us. gain kinetic energy as they change state. form an insulating layer on our bodies.

transfer some of their kinetic energies to us.

Convection currents in the air near a seashore are produced by shifting winds. unequal heating of land and water. varying temperatures. none of the above

unequal heating of land and water.

Which is not a phase of matter? vacuum liquids solids gases

vacuum

When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is cooled and warmed. cooled. warmed. none of the above

warmed

To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the condensation is minimum. water left behind cools. surrounding air cools.

water left behind cools.