physics test 3 (ch9-13)
both forces are the same
A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravitation. Which force, if either, is greater? the force on A the force on B Both forces are the same.
collapsed stars
Black holes are essentially _______. not confirmed as existing collapsed stars very dark stars the vacuum cleaners of space
2
How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when there is an electric current through it? 3 1 2 4 But protons will have to be subtracted, not added.
no
If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? yes no
yes
Is gravitational force acting on a person who falls off a cliff? yes no
electrons
The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its electrons. neutrons. protons.
gains
To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? loses gains
loses
To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? gains loses
9
How many atoms are in a molecule of ethanol, C2H6O?
ancient stars
Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in the Earth. ancient stars. the food the mother eats before giving birth. the mother's womb. none of these
A
ow do the high tides during a full moon compare to high tides during a new moon? A The high tides during a full moon are roughly the same as the high tides during a new moon. B The high tides during a full moon are not as high as the high tides during a new moon. C The high tides during a full moon are higher than the high tides during a new moon.
B
rocket that falls toward the event horizon, you would notice your own clock to be running __________. A increasingly faster as you approach the event horizon B at a constant, normal rate as you approach the event horizon C increasingly slower as you approach the event horizon
uranium
which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? helium gold carbon iron uranium
thermonuclear fusion
Atoms heavier than helium were made by thermonuclear fusion. photosynthesis. radiant energy conversion. radioactivity. none of these
D
How far must one travel to get away from the Earth's gravitational field? A to a region well beyond the moon B to a region beyond the solar system C to a region above the Earth's atmosphere D Forget it; you can't travel far enough.
the whole world
There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air in the atmosphere of the United States. a large auditorium. a large city. the whole world. none of these
increases
Two objects move toward each other because of gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the force between them increases. decreases, then increases. decreases. remains constant. increases, then decreases.
specks of dust moving around
What did Robert Brown see under the microscope? atoms moving around atoms mixed with specks of dust moving around specks of dust moving around
lead
Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? mercury. gold. lead. silver.
neutron
Which of the following are electrically neutral? ion electron proton neutron none of these
electrons
Which of the following are negatively charged? Electrons Neutrons Atomic nuclei Protons
A
A black hole is A simply the remains of a giant star that has undergone gravitational collapse. B a small region that contains the mass of many galaxies. C an empty region of space with a huge gravitational field.
electrical force
A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n) gravitational force. friction force. nuclear force. electrical force. none of these
when the moon is high overhead
A high tide can occur __________. when the Moon is high overhead only when the Moon is full when the Moon is low in the sky (setting or rising)
C
A hollow spherical planet is inhabited by people who live inside it, where the gravitational field is zero. When a very massive space ship lands on the planet's surface, inhabitants find that the gravitational field inside the planet is A still zero. B non-zero, directed away from the spaceship. C non-zero, directed toward the spaceship.
100 N
A weight watcher who normally weighs 400 N stands on top of a very tall ladder so she is one Earth radius above the Earth's surface. How much would she weigh there? 400 N 0 100 N 200 N none of these
B
According to Newton, doubling the distance between two interacting objects A divides by 2 the gravitational force between them. B divides by 4 the gravitational force between them. C multiplies by 4 the gravitational force between them. D multiplies by 2 the gravitational force between them.
40 N
An asteroid exerts a 360-N gravitational force on a nearby spacecraft. If the spacecraft moves to a position three times as far from the center of the asteroid, the force will be 360 N. 120 N. 1080 N. zero. 40 N.
toward the asteroid
An asteroid exerts a 360-N gravitational force on a nearby spacecraft. This force is directed toward the sun. away from the asteroid. toward the asteroid.
a carbon atom
An atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of a proton. a uranium atom. a carbon atom. a hydrogen atom. an electron.
have wave properties
An important feature of atoms is that they _______. make up electric beams have wave properties are actually tiny solar systems can barely be seen with the naked eye
earth
An object is placed exactly halfway between the Earth and moon. The object will fall toward the moon. Earth. neither of these
6 hours
Approximately how much time passes between low and high tide? 4 hours 6 hours 12 hours 24 hours
A
As the falling rocket plunges toward the event horizon, an observer in the orbiting rocket would see that the falling rocket __________. A slows down as it approaches the event horizon, and never actually crosses the event horizon B slows down near the event horizon so that it crosses the event horizon at a low speed C moves at constant speed as it approaches and crosses the event horizon D accelerates as it falls, and crosses the event horizon at high speed
ageless
As the text cites, atoms are incredibly tiny, numerous, perpetually moving, and what else? Mainly in the air Ageless Migratory New in science
d
As you found in Part A, your weight will be greater than normal when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed. For what other motion would your weight also be greater than your normal weight? A The elevator moves upward with constant velocity. B The elevator moves downward with constant velocity. C The elevator moves upward while slowing in speed. D The elevator moves downward while slowing in speed. E The elevator moves downward while increasing in speed.
D
Brownian motion has to do with the A size of atoms. B first direct measurement of atomic motion. C rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid. D random motions of atoms and molecules. E atomic vibrations.
3.7 N
Calculate the force of gravity on a 1-kg mass at Mars's surface. The mass of Mars is 6.4×10^23kg , and its radius is 3.4×10^6m f=(Gm^1M^2)/(d^2)
the same age
Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are actually older. newer. the same age.
16 times as great
Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is appreciably more than 16 times as great. 12 times as great. 8 times as great. 16 times as great.
none of these
Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them is also doubled, then the force between them is half as much. one quarter. four times as much. twice as much. none of these
plentiful in the universe
Dark matter is considered to be _______. a local phenomenon a form of dark energy at the center of all atomic nuclei plentiful in the universe
two high tides and two low tides
Each day _______________. there is one high tide and one low tide there are two high tides and two low tides there are three high tides and three low tides the number of tides depends on the seasons
eliminates the role of force
Einstein's theory of gravitation, compared with Newton's, _______. is one and the same eliminates the role of force enhances the role of force more greatly emphasizes the inverse-square law
B
From Part B, you know that from afar we'll never see the in-falling rocket cross the event horizon, yet it will still eventually disappear from view. Why? A Even though you won't see it cross the event horizon, it does cross it and that means you can no longer see it. B Its light will become so redshifted that it will be undetectable. C The black hole's blackness will drown out the light of the rocket. D Tidal forces will squeeze the in-falling rocket to an undetectably thin line.
B
From the viewpoint of an observer in the orbiting rocket, what happens to time on the other rocket as it falls toward the event horizon of the black hole? A Time runs increasingly faster as the rocket approaches the black hole. B Time runs increasingly slower as the rocket approaches the black hole. C Time is always the same on both rockets.
zero
Half way to the center of a completely hollow planet with a thin uniform shell, your weight would be one-quarter of your weight on the surface. one-half of your weight on the surface. the same as at the surface. three-quarters of your weight on the surface. zero.
b
How does the gravity in the Space Shuttle compare with the gravity on Earth's surface? A The gravity in the Space Shuttle is much smaller than the gravity on Earth's surface. B The gravity in the Space Shuttle is approximately equal to the gravity on the surface of the Earth. C The gravity in the Space Shuttle is much larger than the gravity on Earth's surface.
two
How many different elements are in a water molecule? none three two four one
3
How many individual atoms are in a water molecule?
helium
If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is beryllium. helium. hydrogen. boron. lithium.
C
If the Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, then your weight would A decrease to one quarter your original weight. B stay the same. C decrease to one half your original weight. D none of these
increase also
If the mass of the Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would stay the same. decrease. increase also.
A
If there were no Moon, would there still be tides on Earth? A Yes, because the Sun's gravity still has an influence. B Yes, because the Earth is still rotating. C No, the Moon is essential to our tides.
neon
If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is heavy oxygen. fluorine. sodium. neon. nitrogen.
carbon
If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is carbon. helium. nitrogen. neon. positively charged oxygen.
A
If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would A still not be able to see or photograph an atom. B be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them. C be able to see individual atoms.
the force you exert on the scale
If you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure? your mass the force you exert on the scale the gravitational force exerted on you by Earth
C
If you were inside the rocket that falls toward the event horizon, from your own viewpoint you would __________. A slow down and come to a stop at the event horizon B slow down and cross the event horizon at low speed C accelerate as you fall and cross the event horizon completely unhindered
orbital electrons
In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of neutrons. orbital electrons. quarks. all of these none of these
short-lived
In our part of the universe, antimatter is short-lived. plentiful. long-lived. non-existent.
apparent weight for you
Inside a freely falling elevator, there would be no gravitational force on you. apparent weight for you. both of these none of these
apparent weight is zero
Inside a freely falling runaway elevator, your apparent weight is zero. acceleration is zero. gravitational interaction with the Earth is zero. all of these none of these
yes
Is gravitational force acting on an astronaut inside an orbiting space shuttle? yes no
that gravity is universal
Newton discovered that gravity is universal. gravity. neither
always false
No force due to Earth's gravity is acting on the astronauts inside the orbiting space shuttle. This statement is sometimes true while in orbit. always false. always true while in orbit.
of electrical forces
Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because of electrical forces. atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. of gravitational forces. of nuclear forces. none of these
less
Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________. greater than your normal weight at rest equal to your normal weight at rest less than your normal weight at rest
greater
Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be __________. greater than your normal weight at rest equal to your normal weight at rest less than your normal weight at rest
A
The Earth's gravitational field extends A both inside and outside the Earth and throughout the entire universe. B only above and beyond the Earth's surface and cancels inside the Earth. C neither of these
B
The Moon's gravitational pull is _________. A strongest on the side of Earth farthest from the Moon B strongest on the side of Earth closest to the Moon C the same on both sides of Earth
A
The amount of gravitational force that acts on the space shuttle while in orbit is A almost as much as the shuttle's weight on the Earth's surface. B the same as the shuttle's weight on the Earth's surface. C nearly zero.
negative
The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atom is _______. positive neutral, no charge negative exotically different than positives and negatives
surface escape velocity
The factor most directly responsible for making a black hole invisible is its mass. size. surface escape velocity. color. none of these
practically the same weight
The force of gravity acts on all apples on an apple tree. Some apples are twice as far from the ground as others. These twice-as-high apples, for the same mass, have practically the same weight. 1/4 the weight. 1/2 the weight.
a
The main reason ocean tides exist is that the pull of the moon A is greater on oceans closer to the moon and less on oceans farther from the moon. B and the sun on the oceans are in opposite directions. C is greater on the Earth because the moon is closer to Earth. D and sun are in conjunction at high tides and in opposition at low tides. E none of these
three
The number of atoms in a common water molecule is _______. three four two one
mostly empty space themselves
The reason a granite block is mostly empty space is that the atoms in the granite are held together by electrical forces. invisible. not as close together as they could be. in perpetual motion. mostly empty space themselves.
a quark
The smallest particle of those listed below is a neutron. an atom. a quark. a proton. a molecule.
2.5 (m/s^2)
The value of g at Earth's surface is about 9.8 m/s2. What is the value of g at a distance of twice Earth's radius? g=
electrons
The volume of matter comes mostly from its electrons. neutrons protons.
the force decreases to one quarter
What happens to the force of attraction between two planets when the distance between them is doubled? The force decreases to half. The force doubles. The force remains the same. The force decreases to one quarter.
500 N
What is the force of gravity on a 500-newton woman standing on the Earth's surface? 250 N 500 N 5000 N 50 N none of these
18 amu
What is the molecular mass of a water molecule? 18 amu 10 amu 12 amu 15 amu None of these. It depends on the temperature.
the number of protons
What makes an element distinct? the number of electrons the total mass of all the particles the number of neutrons the number of protons none of these
remains the same
When a star collapses to form a black hole, its mass increases. remains the same. decreases.
given off by the reaction
When carbon and oxygen atoms combine, energy is taken in by the reaction. not involved. given off by the reaction.
the moon
Which is most responsible for the ocean tides? the moon the sun Both contribute equally.
hydrogen
Which of the following is an element? Hydrogen Carbon dioxide H2O A supernova
water
Which of the following is not an element: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, water? hydrogen carbon oxygen water
(1st quarter, 3rd quarter), (new,full)
Which of the following lists correctly gives, in increasing order, the height of the high tides that occur during particular lunar phases? (Ties are denoted by parentheses.) (new, full), (first quarter, third quarter) new, full, first quarter, third quarter (first quarter, third quarter), (new, full) first quarter, third quarter, full, new
uranium
Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? gold uranium helium carbon iron
gold
Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? Hydrogen Gold Helium Carbon
uranium
Which of these atoms has the most mass? lead uranium iron hydrogen All have the same mass.
D
Which of these statements is true? A Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance. B Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules. C A molecule is the smallest particle that exists. D Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance. E None of these statements is true.
the sun
Which pulls on the oceans of the Earth with the greater force? the sun the moon Both pull the same.
B
Why did the particles jiggle around? A The particles were struck equally on all sides by atoms that were moving around. B The particles were struck by atoms, but unequally on different sides. C There was a constant external force that propelled the particles.
A
Why do the astronauts in the Space Shuttle float around? A The Space Shuttle is in free fall, so the shuttle and the astronauts inside it are continuously falling toward the Earth. They thus experience apparent weightlessness. B There is no gravity in the Space Shuttle because it is too far away from the center of the Earth. C There is no gravity in the Space Shuttle because it is completely enclosed and shielded from the effects of gravity due to the Earth.
B
Why does the gravity in the Space Shuttle compare with the gravity on Earth the way it does? A The Space Shuttle is much closer to the center of the Earth than the surface of the Earth. B The Space Shuttle is about the same distance from the center of the Earth than from the surface of the Earth. C The Space Shuttle is much farther away from the center of the Earth than the surface of the Earth.
protons and neutrons
he weight of matter comes mostly from its protons and neutrons. electrons. empty spaces between atoms.
