Physiological Psychology

both _____ and _____ shared the Nobel prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1906

Golgi and Cajal

Nettie is in the laboratory working with cultured neurons. She wants to record the voltage following the opening of the sodium channels. What does she need to do to get the sodium channels to open?

add a solution that will result in depolarizing the membrane

which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring neurons?

astrocytes

ordinarily, stimulation of a neuron takes place...

at the synapse

when a neurons membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move sodium ______ the cell and the electrical gradient trends to move it ______ the cell

into, into

the structure that contains a cells chromosomes is the...

nucleus

neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their...

shape

water, oxygen, and _______ freely flow across the cell membrane

carbon dioxide

the major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that...

certain required chemicals must be actively transported

as compared to the dendrites, axons are usually...

covered with myelin

the branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called...

dendrites

Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemicals that neurons release from the presynaptic terminal into the...

junction between neurons

the endoplasmic reticulum is a...

network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that...

neurons are separate from one another

Andrew was exposed to the chicken pox virus as a child. What happened to that virus after it crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered Andrews brain?

nothing at first, but the virus remained there and caused negative effects for Andrew as he got older

_____ in the brain and spinal cord and _____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons

oligodendrocytes, schwann cells

Professor Rhodus is lecturing about selective permeability of neurons. What would he tell the class?

only certain molecules can cross the membrane freely

Professor Xi studies the _____ located on the ______ of neurons in order to better understand how messages are received by the neuron

synaptic receptors, dendrites

Professor Cook is lecturing on the importance of the myelin sheath. He told the class that...

the fatty nature of the myelin sheath speeds up the action potential down the length of the axon

describe the transmission of information in a local neuron

the signal decreases in strength as it travels