Piping System

bonnet

A part of a valve used to guide and support valve stem.

pipe

A tube with a round cross section conforming to the dimensional requirements for nominal pipe size.

wrought iron

An iron refined to a plastic state in a pudding furnace. It is characterized by the presence of about 3% slag irregularly mixed with pure iron and about 0.50% carbon.

violet

Identification color for piping of acid and alkalis.

light blue

Identification color for piping of air.

silver grey

Identification color for piping of steam.

green

Identification color for piping of water.

street elbow

an elbow with male thread on one end, and female thread on the other end.

manifold

A fitting with a number of branches in line connecting to smaller pipes. Used largely as an interchangeable term with header.

saddle flange

A flange curved to fit a boiler or tank and to be attached to a threaded pipe.

screwed flange

A flange screwed on the pipe which it connecting to adjoining pipe.

socket weld

A joint made by use of a socket weld fitting which has a prepared female end or socket for insertion of the pipe to which it is welded.

header

A large pipe or drum into which each of a group of boilers is connected.

expansion loop

A large radius bend in a pipe line to absorb longitudinal expansion in the pipe line due to heat.

run

A length of pipe made of more than one piece of pipe; a portion of a fitting having its ends in line or nearly so, in contradistinction to the branch or side opening, as of a tee.

compression joint

A multi-piece joint with cup shaped threaded nuts, which, when tightened, compress tapered sleeves so that they form a tight joint on the periphery of the tubing they connect.

cross-over

A small fitting with a double offset, or shape like the letter U-with the ends turned out. It is only made in small sizes and used to pass the flow of one pipe past another when the pipes are in the same plane.

galvanized pipe

A steel pipe coated with zinc to resist corrosion.

black pipe

A steel pipe that has not been galvanized.

carbon steel pipe

A steel pipe which owes its properties chiefly to the carbon which it contains.

bull head tee

A tee, the branch of which is larger than the run.

check valve

A valve designed to allow a fluid to pass through one direction only.

gate valve

A valve employing a gate, often wedge-shaped, allowing fluid to flow when the gate is lifted from the seat. Such valves have less resistance to flow than globe valves.

butt weld joint

A welded pipe joint made with the ends of the two pipes butting each other, the weld being around the periphery.

mill length

Also known as random length. Run of mill pipe is 4,880 mm to 6,000 mm in length. Some pipes are made in double lengths of 9,150 mm to 10,675 mm.

light orange

Identification color for electrical piping.

white

Identification color for piping communications.

power piping systems

Include all steam, water, and oil piping and the component parts such as the pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, and fittings for steam generating plants, central heating plants and industrial plants.

relief valve

One designed to open automatically to relieve excess pressure.

globe valve

One with a somewhat globe shaped body with a manually raised or lowered disc which when closed rests on a seat so as to prevent passage of fluid.

safety red

Piping color for fire fighting materials, including detection and suppression systems.

yellow ochre

Piping color for gases in either gaseous or liquid form, vapors and pneumatically conveyed fumes and materials.

safety yellow

Piping color for hazardous service (generally with another identification of contents).

brown

Piping color for oil-mineral vegetable or animal, flammable or combustible.

black

Piping color for other fluids including drainage pipes unless the drain is to a particular service.

wrought pipe

Refers to both wrought steel and wrought iron. Wrought in this sense means worked as in the process of forming furnace-welded pipe from skelp, or seamless pipes from plates or billets.

bell and spigot joint

The commonly used joint in cast iron pipe. Each piece is made with an enlarged diameter or bell at one end into which the plain or spigot end of another piece is inserted when laying. The joint is then made tight by cement, oakum, lead or rubber caulked into the bell round the spigot.

medium pressure

When applied to valves and fittings, implies they are suitable for a working pressure of 862 to 1207 kPa.

tube

a hollow product of round or any other cross section having a continuous periphery.