Plagiarism Review

What should you do to indicate that you are using a source's exact phrases or sentences?

You must enclose them in quotation marks unless they've been set off from the text by indenting and claim that the language is your own to omit the quotation marks falsely

How do I avoid plagiarism?

You need to use the information you find in research, but in a new way. In addition, you will present the facts and details by paraphrasing, summarizing, or quoting. Internal citations with signal phrases let readers know the source of the information. A "Works Cited" page lists all your resources and their locations.

Documenting Serves Two Main Purposes

a) It acknowledges the original source and gives credit where credit is due. b) It allows readers to track down your source and determine the validity of your claims.

Sources are cited for two main reasons:

a) To tell readers where your information comes from so they could evaluate its reliability, then find and read the original source if interested b) To give credit to the writers from who you borrowed words and ideas *You must include a citation when you quote from a source, when you summarize or paraphrase, and when you borrow facts that are not common knowledge. *Example: Borrowing another writer's language, sentence structure, or ideas without proper acknowledgment is plagiarism.

Three acts of plagiarism include:

1) Failing to cite quotations and borrowed ideas 2) Failing to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks 3) Failing to put summarizes and paraphrases in your own words. Note: Definitions of plagiarism vary; it's best to find out how your school defines academic dishonesty.

What are some things that help you develop your argument?

1) Quotations 2) Summaries 3) Paraphrases *These may never speak for you, so find a balance between words of your own sources & voice in order for reader to always know who is speaking in your paper, including you & your source; you may use several strategies to integrate sources into your paper while maintaining your own voice like: a) Using sources as concisely as possible so that your own thinking and voice aren't lost b) Using signal phrases to avoid dropping quotations into your paper w/out indicating the boundary between your words & the source's words c) Using language that shows readers how each source supports your argument & relate to one another

What is a summary?

A brief statement or account of the main points of something. It condenses information from a source; a paraphrase conveys it (the information) by using roughly a similar group of words as the original source

When do I need to document sources?

Direct Citation •where you quote a source directly, word for word •where you reproduce source material without alteration (e.g. diagrams) Indirect Citation •where you reproduce part or all of someone else's idea in your own words (commonly known as paraphrasing) •where you use or summarize someone else's research •where you use facts or data that are not common knowledge •where you reproduce source material in slightly altered form while retaining the main idea or structure

How Can I Check for Plagiarism?

First ask yourself: Does my work draw upon the intellectual work of other people? •If the answer is "yes" or "partly," then you must acknowledge your debt by documenting your sources.

Patchwriting in plagiarism

Half-copying the author's sentences either by using the author's phrases in your own sentences without quotation marks or by plugging synonyms into the author's sentence structure is a form in plagiarism

How should you acknowledge your sources?

In a system organized by in-text citation and a works cited list using the MLA citation style *Note: Basic MLA formatting varies for different types of sources

Academic Penalties for Plagiarism

Loss of grade - A "0" for an assignment Loss of credit - An "F" for the course & loss of the right to attend remaining class sections

What is the first paraphrase of the following source?

Plagiarism, even though the source is cited, because the paraphrase borrows too much of its language from the original *The highlighted strings of words have been copied exactly (without quotation marks). *In addition, the writer has closely echoed the sentence structure of the source, merely substituting some synonyms: interfere with lifestyle choices for paternalistic intervention into lifestyle choices and decrease the feeling of personal responsibility for enfeeble the notion of personal responsibility

Two Basic Types of Sources

Primary Sources •the main text or work that you are discussing (e.g. a sonnet by William Shakespeare; an opera by Mozart) •actual data or research results (e.g. a scientific article presenting original findings; statistics) •historical documents (e.g. letters, pamphlets, political tracts, manifestoes) Secondary Sources •works that discuss your primary source (e.g. an article analyzing Shakespeare's sonnets; a review of an opera performance; a textbook that synthesizes research in a particular field; a newspaper editorial expressing an opinion on a political manifesto.)

How can you avoid plagiarizing the author's language?

Resist the temptation to look at the source while you are summarizing or paraphrasing, then set the source aside after reading the passage you want to paraphrase. For example: Ask yourself, "What is the author's meaning?" Then state your understanding of the author's ideas in your own words

Plagiarism

Taking or passing off as one's owns the ideas, words, or work of another person. When students present others' ideas, words, or work in a written or oral assignment, they must document the source(s) as directed by the instructor of the course. It also includes buying or selling work to others, as well as providing false information about submitted work. It is a misuse of source material; whether intentional or unintentional, plagiarism is a serious violation of Wake Tech's Code of Academic Integrity.

What is common knowledge?

The information known by most people or any number of general sources are located easily

Sources May Occur in Different Formats

They include: •oral and written forms •print media such as books, articles, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, and newspapers •audio-visual media such as film, TV, radio, sound recordings, artwork •research findings such as raw data, lab results, interviews, graphs, charts, and tables •Internet sources such as websites, reference works, newspapers, electronic texts, hypertexts, newsgroups, and essays posted online •personal communication such as letters, e-mail, memos, class lectures, and conversations * All primary and secondary sources in whatever format must be properly documented wherever you use them in your work.