Plant Evolution I - Biology II Assignment

Choose all features of the alga ancestor of land plants. - Had a waxy cuticle. - Photosynthetic. - Lived in freshwater. - Possessed tracheids.

- Photosynthetic. - Lived in freshwater.

Land plants evolved from: A. Saltwater green algae. B. Freshwater green algae. C. Green algae in lichens.

B. Freshwater green algae.

How do ferns produce haploid spores? By meiosis in archegonia and antheridia By meiosis in sporangia By mitosis in archegonia and antheridia By mitosis in sporangia

By meiosis in sporangia

How do ferns produce haploid spores? By mitosis in archegonia and antheridia By mitosis in sporangia By meiosis in sporangia By meiosis in archegonia and antheridia

By meiosis in sporangia

Choose the answers that describe the typical shapes of moss sporangia. Lobed Cylindrical Umbrella-like Club-shaped

Cylindrical Club-shaped

Select the three clades of vascular plants. Multiple select question. Lycophytes Bryophytes Pterophytes Seed plants

Lycophytes Pterophytes Seed plants

Choose all components of fern sporophytes. Rhizomes Antheridia Fronds Fiddleheads

Rhizomes Fronds Fiddleheads

Select all true statements about bryophytes. The gametophyte generation is more conspicuous than the sporophyte They undergo meiosis to produce spores They produce xylem and phloem They are found in only a few types of environments worldwide

The gametophyte generation is more conspicuous than the sporophyte They undergo meiosis to produce spores

A fern gametophyte produces eggs and sperm in Multiple choice question. antheridia and archegonia, respectively archegonia and antheridia, respectively megaspores and microspores, respectively microspores and megaspores, respectively

archegonia and antheridia, respectively

A similarity between fern gametophytes and sporophytes is that they: are photosynthetic produce roots are diploid are haploid

are photosynthetic

All of the following are examples of vascular plants except _______. Multiple choice question. seed plants lycophytes bryophytes pteridophytes

bryophytes

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes, and the lack of tracheids, are features of seed plants bryophytes ferns all land plants

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the Multiple choice question. bryophytes pterophytes charophytes tracheophytes

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the ______.

bryophytes

One reason bryophytes require water for fertilization is because their sperm are hydrophobic flagellated hydrophilic unicellular

flagellated

The leaves of ferns are called ______.

fronds

The most common type of liverwort is ______. filamentous lobed leafy

leafy

In liverworts, the well-known flattened species are lobed and resemble ______, whereas the ______ form is much more common.

liver leafy

In humans, gametes such as sperm and eggs are formed by the cellular process of ______ whereas land plants produce gametes by the process of ______.

meiosis Blank 2: mitosis

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have Multiple choice question. unicellular diploid and multicellular haploid stages. multicellular haploid and diploid stages. unicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages. unicellular haploid and diploid stages.

multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

The bryophytes are also known as ______ plants because they lack tracheids.

nontracheophytes

Liverworts reproduce through sexual processes only. sexual and asexual means. asexual processes only.

sexual and asexual means.

Clusters of sporangia on ferns are called ______.

sori/sorus

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce cuticular wax. stomata. vascular tissue. chlorophyll.

vascular tissue.

In bryophytes the sperm are flagellated and have to swim to the archegonia; therefore, the presence of ______ is necessary for fertilization.

water

Choose the two types of vascular tissue. Multiple select question. xylem phloem cortex pith

xylem phloem

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants? - Diploid embryos. - Multicellular haploid and diploid generations. - The ability to photosynthesize. - Flowers and seeds. - Conspicuous sporophytes and microscopic gametophytes.

- Diploid embryos. - Multicellular haploid and diploid generations. - The ability to photosynthesize.

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water. - The inability to produce chlorophyll in a high oxygen environment. - More predators in land-based ecosystems. - Higher levels of UV light on land. - Less water availability in a terrestrial environment.

- Higher levels of UV light on land. - Less water availability in a terrestrial environment.

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes? - The ability to conduct photosynthesis. - Multicellular sporophytes. - Multicellular gametophytes. - Diploid embryos. - Vascular tissue.

- Multicellular sporophytes. - Multicellular gametophytes. - Diploid embryos.

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives. - The presence of stomata for gas exchange. - The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces. - The presence of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. - The presence of specialized water transporting tissues.

- The presence of stomata for gas exchange. - The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces. - The presence of specialized water transporting tissues.

Approximately how long ago did green algae and the land plants share a common ancestor? A. 1 billion years ago. B. 500 million years ago. C. 700 million years ago. D. 100 million years ago.

A. 1 billion years ago.

Approximately 1 billion years ago, land plants shared a common ancestor with A. Red algae. B. Brown algae. C. Green algae. D. Animals. E. Bacteria.

C. Green algae.

Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward: A. Less embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte. B. Less embryo protection and a larger gametophyte. C. More embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte. D. More embryo protection and a larger gametophyte.

C. More embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte.

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more A. Leaf surface area. B. Efficient photosynthetic pigments. C. Water loss management. D. Oxygen uptake ability.

C. Water loss management.

Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants? Multiple select question. Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants. Gametes are formed by meiosis in land plants.

Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans. Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants.

What term refers to the haploid (n), gamete-producing generation in plants, which alternates with the diploid (2n) generation?

Gametophyte (definition).

Over the course of plant evolution from bryophytes to seed plants, the general trend has been toward a significant decrease in the size of the ______ stage in the life cycle.

Gametophyte/haploid (fill-in-the-blanks).

In this plant life cycle, the ______ generation is represented by position A, while the ______ generation is at position B.

Gametophyte/haploid; sporophyte/diploid (fill-in-the-blanks).

A typical land plant has a(n) ______ life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

Haplodiplontic (fill-in-the-blanks).

Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves. They lack a midrib Most of their surface is one cell layer thick They lack veins They lack stomata

Most of their surface is one cell layer thick They lack veins They lack stomata

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes? Multiple select question. Multicellular gametophytes Diploid embryos Vascular tissue The ability to conduct photosynthesis Multicellular sporophytes

Multicellular gametophytes Diploid embryos Multicellular sporophytes

What type of vascular tissue moves sucrose and hormones to other parts of the plant?

Phloem

Choose all features of the alga ancestor of land plants. Multiple select question. Photosynthetic Lived in freshwater Possessed tracheids Had a waxy cuticle

Photosynthetic Lived in freshwater

In mosses and ferns, the gametophyte generation is Multiple choice question. heterotrophic and dependent on the sporophyte. photosynthetic and dependent on the sporophyte. Photosynthetic and free-living. heterotrophic and free-living.

Photosynthetic and free-living.

Select all structures produced by mosses. Multiple select question. Leaves Rhizoids Sporangia Roots

Rhizoids Sporangia

Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively? Multiple choice question. Microspores and megaspores Eggs and sperm Megaspores and microspores Sperm and eggs

Sperm and eggs

What is a structure in which spores are produced called?

Sporangium, plural sporangia (definition).

What are haploid reproductive (generally unicellular) cells that are capable of developing into an adult without fusing with other cells?

Spores (definition).

What term refers to the diploid (2n), spore-producing generation in plants, which alternates with the haploid (n) generation?

Sporophyte (definition).

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question During the evolution of plant vascular tissues, which developed first? Multiple choice question. Roots Leaves Stems

Stems

Select all true statements about hornworts. They are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. Their cells contain multiple small chloroplasts. Their sporophytes have stomata.

Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. Their sporophytes have stomata.

Select all features of liverworts. Multiple select question. They may be leafy or lobed. Sexual reproduction is rare. They may possess stomata. Gametophytes have rhizoids.

They may be leafy or lobed. Gametophytes have rhizoids.

Select all features of fern sporophytes. Multiple select question. Vascular Multicellular Seed-bearing Photosynthetic

Vascular Multicellular Photosynthetic

What is a specialized tissue in vascular plants that transports water and solutes through the plant body?

Xylem

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is Multiple choice question. a modified form of meiosis. enhanced nutrient uptake capacity. a cuticle on exposed surfaces. the production of genetically uniform gametes.

a cuticle on exposed surfaces.

In mosses and ferns, the haploid (gametophyte) generation occupies Multiple choice question. a smaller portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants. the same portion of the life cycle as it does in seed plants. a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants.

a larger portion of the life cycle than it does in seed plants.

In mosses, male gametangia are called , while female gametangia are called .

antheridia archegonia

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing .

cyanobacteria

Land plants evolved from Multiple choice question. green algae in lichens freshwater green algae saltwater green algae

freshwater green algae

In plants, the haploid generation is called the ______ and the diploid generation is the ______.

gameophyte sporophyte

In plants, the gametophyte produces ______ and the sporophyte produces ______.

gametes spores

A plant is said to be if all of its spores are similar in appearance.

homosporeous

Plants that produce one spore type are called ______. Multiple choice question. heterosporous haplosporous homosporous unisporous

homosporous

Choose all that are carried in vascular tissue. hormones ribosomes water minerals sucrose

hormones water minerals sucrose

Mosses differ from other bryophytes because their gametophytes Multiple choice question. produce roots to absorb water and anchor to substrates are not photosynthetic are smaller than their sporophytes produce structures that look like leaves and stems

produce structures that look like leaves and stems

Moss sporophytes typically have a slender ______ with a swollen capsule, known as the ______, at its tip.

stalk sporangium

An important difference that distinguished the leaflike structures of moss gametophytes from true leaves is the lack of vascular tissue. the presence of chlorophyll b in chloroplasts. the lack of a thickened midrib. the presence of chlorophyll A in chloroplasts.

the lack of vascular tissue.

A mature fern sporangium disperses its spores mainly through wind action. by attracting flies to carry them. through a catapulting mechanism. through water because the spores can swim.

through a catapulting mechanism.