Plant Quiz 5

12) Who is considered the Father of the Green Revolution? A) Norman Borlaug B) Thomas Hunt Morgan C) Charles Darwin D) Gregor Mendel E) James Watson

A

14) Which of the following is not correct about the Irish Famine? A) The English government did all it could to mitigate the suffering of the Irish people. B) While potatoes crops were decimated by late blight; cereal crops were unaffected. C) More than a million Irish left Ireland; most went to the United States. D) The Penal Laws made it more difficult for Irish Catholics to succeed as land-owners. E) One response to the Poor Law Extension Act was the eviction of Irish tenants from their homes.

A

16) What process is undermining the development of disease-resistant varieties of plants? A) genetically modified plants B) widespread weed invasion C) the continuous evolution of pests and pathogens D) the input of too much pesticide and herbicide E) monocropping

A

17) The main crop of interest for development during World War II was which of the following? A) rubber trees B) disease-resistant wheat C) gum trees D) latex-producing euphorbia E) high-yield potatoes

A

2) Most legumes share very similar flower and fruit structures. The fruit is commonly classified as which one of the following? A) pod B) umbel C) raceme D) nut E) None of the above are correct

A

20) Which of the following tissues makes up much of a potato tuber? A) the pith B) vascular tissue C) the cortex D) the periderm E) the pome

A

24) This legume is grown mainly in Mesoamerica and is a tropical vine. The part eaten is the tuberous roots. This legume is called: A) jicama B) groundnut C) carob D) tamarind E) tuba-root

A

25) The Indian drink, kheer, is made from which of the following? A) jicama B) rice C) carob D) tamarind E) tuba-root

A

25) While some say the solution to human malnutrition and starvation is greater food production, critics say the real problem is which of the following? A) food distribution B) the practice of monocropping C) the use of GM crops D) growing traditional staple crops E) None of the above is correct.

A

27) Which of the following is not correct? A) Dozens of types of peas and beans are valued for their lipid content, not their protein content. B) The protein content of soybeans is one of the highest of all crops. C) Legumes can serve as forage crops. D) Legumes can serve as "green manure." E) The jicama is cultivated largely in Mexico, and Central America.

A

28) While originating is South America, cassava has become a major staple in which of the following areas? A) Africa B) North America C) China D) Europe E) Australia

A

29) Fifty percent of cotton grown in the United States is of ________ varieties. A) 3 B) 4 C) 6 D) 9 E) 12

A

33) Helianthus tuberosus is native to which area? A) North America. B) South America. C) Africa. D) Asia. E) Polynesia.

A

33) Which of the following would be a strategy to stop genetic erosion? A) Collect seeds of traditional varieties for storage in a seed bank. B) Introduce monoculture to maximize agricultural efficiency. C) Introduce industrialized agricultural techniques. D) Limit agriculture to the cultivation of major domesticated crops. E) Create new varieties using recombinant DNA.

A

35) Which starchy staple is a source of diosgenin, shown to inhibit ovulation in women? A) yam B) manioc C) sweet potato D) white potato E) banana

A

4) Artificial selection has led to the development of many different crops from the wild type of which of these plants? A) Brassica oleacea B) Quercus palustris C) Acer saccharum D) Aesclepias syriaca E) None of the above is correct.

A

5) Potatoes propagate asexually by which of the following? A) buds of tubers B) rhizomes C) stolons D) corms E) bulbs

A

7) How do corms differ from bulbs? A) Corms store starch in their stems. B) Corms produce fruits. C) Corms are all inedible. D) Corms can multiply and form cormlets. E) All of these are ways in which corms differ from bulbs.

A

7) The evolution of maize involves which of the following ancestral plants? A) teosinte. B) brassica. C) corn-like sunflowers. D) quinoa. E) amaranth.

A

8) The peanut, Arachis hypogaea, is a very unusual plant because of which of the following? A) After pollination, the flower stalk elongates and pushes the developing fruit into the soil. B) The erect bean stalk can reach over 30 meters in height. C) The embryo has only one cotyledon. D) The peanut butter is nutritionally superior to almond butter. E) None of the above are correct.

A

9) What is one disadvantage of planting hybrid seed? A) Seed must be purchased anew each time there is a planting. B) Hybrid plants are less vigorous. C) Yields are less than with non-hybrid plants. D) Hybrid plants are more susceptible to diseases. E) All of these are disadvantages to planting hybrid seed.

A

12) How is olive oil different from other types of plant-based oils? A) It can be used as a fuel for lighting lamps. B) The oil is extracted from the fruit. C) It is the most used of all of the plant-based oils. D) It is extracted from a gymnosperm. E) None of the above are correct.

B

14) The biggest loss of crop plants is due to which of the following? A) herbaceous insect pests B) fungal diseases C) theft by malnourished humans D) viral diseases E) mold

B

16) Soybeans cannot be eaten raw because of the presence of a trypsin inhibitor. What does trypsin do? A) It mediates the production of ATP. B) It is an enzyme used in the breakdown of proteins. C) It is important in the production of HDL. D) It binds oxygen to hemoglobin. E) It activates several hormones.

B

16) Which of the following is not one of the major potato producing states in the United States? A) Maine B) Nevada C) Washington D) Idaho E) All of the above are major potato producing states.

B

18) CIMMYT is an acronym for which of the following: A) a devastating disease of wheat B) a program for developing high-yielding dwarf varieties of wheat C) a program to develop genetically modified strains of maize D) an organization dedicated to bringing an end to world hunger E) None of the above is correct.

B

19) Which of the following was the legume used by Gregor Mendel in his experiments? A) Vicia faba. B) Pisum sativum. C) Phaseolus vulgaris. D) Cajanus cajan. E) Arachis hypogea

B

2) Most plants store food reserves in which form? A) cellulose B) starch C) lignin D) galactose E) None of the above is correct.

B

21) Potato tubers that are planted must contain at least one of these: A) seed B) bud (an "eye") C) root D) flower E) rachis

B

21) Which of the following is a major western United States aquifer that is being depleted due to agricultural demands? A) Mahomet Aquifer B) Ogallala Aquifer C) Turlock Basin D) Edwards Aquifer E) Lake Okeechobee

B

22) What is one of the biggest disadvantages of planting potato tubers instead of potato seeds? A) There is an increase in genetic variability. B) The yield is far less. C) There is greater susceptibility to disease because they are genetic clones. D) It is more labor intensive. E) Potato blight becomes much more common.

B

23) This legume may have helped the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony survive and produces golf ball-sized tubers. This legume is which of the following? A) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus B) Apios americana C) Arachis hypogea D) Vicia faba E) Glycine max

B

24) What is the population of the world in billions as of April 2018? A) 6.1 B) 7.6 C) 8.0 D) 9.6 E) 11.8

B

28) ________ oil is a drying oil used by ancient Egyptians to waterproof coffins. A) Canola B) Linseed C) Palm D) Sunflower E) Soy

B

3) Horizontal, underground stems are called ________. A) tuber B) rhizomes C) stolons D) corms E) bulbs

B

31) India, has lost 75% of the 30,000 land races of rice it once had. What led to the loss of all of those land races of rice? A) an epidemic of the disease bakanae B) dependence on high-yielding crops C) switching from rice as a staple to corn and potatoes D) an invasion of Norwegian rats E) the widespread use of herbicides

B

31) What is the food-storing part of a leguminous seed? A) the pod B) the cotyledons C) the seed coat D) the germ E) axils

B

32) Inulin is a polymer of which of the following? A) glucose. B) fructose. C) sucrose. D) maltose. E) starch.

B

33) Which leguminous tree has been nicknamed "Jack's beanstalk" because of its amazing growth rate? A) winged bean B) leucaena C) groundnut D) lesquerella E) soybean

B

36) A genetically engineered crop that is being developed to eliminate blindness due to vitamin A deficiency is which of the following? A) Bt corn B) golden rice C) high oleic acid soybean D) disease resistant potato E) herbicide resistant soybean

B

38) The source of tapioca pearls is the moist flour obtained from the ________ root. A) Colocasia B) Manihot C) Dioscorea D) Ipomoea E) Solanum

B

4) Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to which of the following? A) ammonia. B) ammonium. C) nitrate. D) nitrite. E) all of these.

B

5) Which of the following is correct? A) Nitrogen is an important element in amino acids, proteins, and cholesterol. B) Plants lacking a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing partner must rely on nitrogen compounds in the soil. C) Most commercial fertilizers contain nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. D) A positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer application is that it can cause huge population increases of algae called "algal blooms." E) Humans have had little impact on the nitrogen cycle, even with the burning of fossil fuels.

B

6) The basic scientific basis for understanding plant breeding was not fully understood until the work of ________ was accepted. A) Charles Darwin B) Gregor Mendel C) Watson and Crick D) Barbara McClintock E) Linnaeus

B

1) Approximately how many people in the world are receiving insufficient food to meet their daily requirements? A) 8 million B) 80 million C) 800 million D) 8 billion E) 80 billion

C

1) Legumes are high in protein because of which of the following attributes? A) their ability to extract nitrogen from organic matter in the soil. B) large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used in their cultivation. C) their association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria growing in root nodules. D) their ability to remove nitrogen from the atmosphere. E) None of the above are correct.

C

1) The two most consumed starchy staples are potatoes and ________. A) sweet potatoes B) taro C) cassava D) yams E) Jerusalem artichoke

C

11) Solanum tuberosum, the white potato, was first domesticated in which country over 10,000 years ago? A) Ireland. B) Chile. C) Peru. D) Mexico. E) Idaho.

C

11) The development and popularity of the peanut is due mostly to the efforts of whom? A) Barbara McClintock B) Charles Darwin C) George Washington Carver D) Engelbert Kaempfer E) Jorge Moche

C

14) ________ oil is a replacement for petroleum in the production of inks. A) Sunflower B) Lesquerella C) Soy D) Tung E) Olive

C

15) The Irish Famine was made worse because of which of the following? A) The potatoes planted were genetically identical. B) The English government was unsympathetic to the plight of the Irish. C) Potatoes were practically the entire diet of the Irish poor. D) There was widespread suppression of Catholics. E) All of the factors listed above made the Irish Famine worse.

C

15) The base oil for biodiesel fuel is ________ oil. A) sunflower B) lesquerella C) soy D) tung E) olive

C

15) The cheapest and most effective method for producing healthy plants is which of the following? A) large inputs of fertilizers B) large-scale spraying of pesticides C) development of disease-resistant varieties D) large-scale spraying of herbicides E) the practice of monoculture

C

18) What is chuno? A) an alcoholic drink made from cassava B) a type of fried sweet potato common in Mexico C) a freeze-dried dehydrated potato prepared by Peruvian Indians D) an essential ingredient of Poi, a traditional dish of native Hawaiians E) a dish similar to mashed potatoes but made from taro

C

19) Which of the following is an issue of concern about the Green Revolution? A) the necessary heavy inputs of fertilizer and pesticides B) the expense is too great for many poor farmers C) the high energy cost of producing fertilizers D) environmental and health effects associated with chemical inputs E) All of these are issues of concern about the Green Revolution

C

20) The Leucaena leucocephala tree has a number of beneficial characteristics, one of which is the following: A) It is widely distributed throughout North America. B) Its pods can be used to create a "mother's milk" for babies. C) The tree can be grown for multipurpose wood (for lumber, furniture, construction, and pulp). D) Its flower can be used as an insecticide. E) None of the above are a beneficial characteristic.

C

23) Probably the most serious environmental factor limiting crop productivity is which of the following? A) use of GM plants B) evolution of pests resistant to pesticides C) increasing salinity of soils D) invasion of weeds from tropical areas E) None of the above is correct.

C

24) The best potato variety for baking is probably which variety? A) Superior B) Red LaSoda C) Katahdin D) Norland E) Russet

C

3) Why did early farmers likely select grain plants with nonshattering grain heads to cultivate? A) Seeds produced in nonshattering heads were not eaten by herbivores. B) Seeds produced in nonshattering heads did not have mutations. C) Seeds produced in nonshattering heads were not scattered on the ground. D) Seeds produced in nonshatterring heads were larger and tastier. E) All of these are reasons could explain why early farmers selected plants with nonshattering heads.

C

32) What soybean product is made from curds of soy milk? A) soy sauce B) textured vegetable protein C) tofu D) miso E) cellulose polyesters

C

35) Approximately 93% of the U.S. soybean crop has been genetically engineered for which of the following characteristics? A) insect resistance B) herbicide resistance C) higher yield D) better taste E) better color

C

36) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Starch is the most common carbohydrate storage product found in plants. B) Sugars are the direct products of photosynthesis but are generally not stored as such. C) There are two distinct components of starch: amylose and amylopectin, which differ in their nutritional benefits. D) Starch is mostly extracted commercially from corn, potatoes, and cassava, but can be extracted from almost any grain, tuber, or other plant storage organ. E) Although starch is ubiquitous in plants, it unfortunately cannot be used in the production of sugar-based sweeteners.

C

37) The sweet potato is classified as which one of the following? A) rhizome B) stolon C) root D) tuber E) corm

C

4) Strawberry propagates asexually by which of the following? A) tubers B) rhizomes C) stolons D) corms E) bulbs

C

9) Which of the following was not developed from Brassica oleracea? A) cabbage B) broccoli C) corn D) cauliflower E) Brussels sprouts

C

10) What was the principle crop behind the Green Revolution? A) maize B) rice C) potato D) wheat E) barley

D

13) One advantage of high-yielding wheat developed during the Green Revolution was which of the following? A) resistance to late blight. B) resistance to plant lodging. C) their nonshattering heads. D) the development of dwarf varieties E) None of the above is correct.

D

13) Phytophthora infestans is the scientific name of which of the following? A) a tall shrub with tuberous roots similar to the sweet potato B) cassava C) taro D) the pathogen that causes late blight E) the pathogen that causes rickets

D

13) Which of the following oils has the lowest levels of saturated fats and highest levels of monounsaturated fats? A) olive oil B) sunflower oil C) peanut oil D) canola oil E) coconut oil

D

17) Which of the following is not a soy product? A) tofu B) tempeh C) edamame D) dal E) All of these are soy products.

D

17) Which of the following statement is not correct? A) The word potato is derived from the Arawak Indian word batata (actually for the sweet potato). B) Every state in the United States grows potatoes. C) Potato chips were developed by George Crum in New York State. D) The potato plant is a stringy, vine-like perennial. E) The fruit of the potato is a many-seeded berry.

D

19) The darkened ring found in some potato chips is the ________. A) periderm B) cortex C) pith D) vascular tissue E) None of the above is correct.

D

22) What general process results in soils becoming increasingly saline? A) the use of salt producing plants B) the underuse of fertilizers C) global warming D) the evaporation of water E) monoculture agriculture

D

23) Which of the following is not a true statement about potatoes? A) The greatest diversity of Solanum species is in Peru. B) The Colorado potato beetle is a serious potato pest. C) Potatoes are a good source of vitamin B and C. D) No Solanum species is resistant to all strains of late blight. E) Much of the nutritional value of a potato is in the periderm.

D

26) Henry Ford once built a car that had a plastic body made from ________ oil. A) peanut B) sunflower C) olive D) soy E) castor bean

D

27) The use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced by the use of all of the following except one. Choose the exception. A) organic fertilizers B) free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria C) improved varieties of plants D) genetically engineering the nitrogen fixation process E) controlling lightning strikes

D

27) Which of the following statements is not correct? A) Varieties of cassava are classified as either sweet or bitter, based on the concentration of hydrocyanic acid. B) Enzymes of cyanogenic glycosides are already present in cassava. C) In South America, the traditional preparation of sweet potato produces a meal called farinha. D) The root of cassava is very high in protein. E) The cassava genome has more genes than that of humans.

D

29) The most damaging pathogen of cassava is which of the following? A) Phytophthora infestans. B) Bacillus thuringiensis. C) tobacco mosaic virus. D) cassava mosaic virus (CMV). E) More than one of these is devastating.

D

29) Which legume is considered the "Cinderella Crop"? A) peas B) lentils C) green beans D) soybeans E) string beans

D

30) Which of the following is not correct about Manihot esculenta? A) It grows well in nutrient-poor soils. B) Nigeria is one of the leading producers of this starchy staple. C) It cannot tolerate extended dry periods without rainfall. D) It can be cultivated from seed. E) It is resistant to locust infestations.

D

32) What is germplasm? A) another term for traditional varieties B) the effect of a fungal infection C) the general term for any plant pathogen D) the genetic information of a plant that makes it unique E) the end result of genetic erosion

D

34) Loss of plant genetic diversity can be blamed on which of the following? A) monocultural practices B) plant disease C) the Green Revolution D) all of the above E) both A and C

D

34) Which of the following is a corm that is steamed, crushed, and fermented to make poi? A) cassava B) yam C) sweet potato D) taro E) None of the above is correct.

D

7) This legume is native to India, can tolerate drought conditions and has been cultivated for over 3000 years. This legume is which of the following? A) Vicia faba B) Pisum sativum C) Phaseolus vulgaris D) Cajanus cajan E) Arachis hypogea

D

9) Bananas are actually native to which of the following regions? A) Southeast Asia B) Indo-Malaysia C) Northern Australia D) All of the above are correct. E) None of the above is correct.

D

10) This legume, also called groundnuts, are originally native to South America. A) Vicia faba B) Pisum sativum C) Phaseolus vulgaris D) Cajanus cajan E) Arachis hypogaea

E

10) Which of the following are characteristics of bananas? A) They can be eaten raw or cooked. B) Most bananas today are sterile triploids. C) The "trunk" of this monocot is not woody but arises from an underground corm. D) The single flowering stalk contains 5 to 13 groups of flowers. E) All of the above are correct.

E

12) The potato was initially rejected as food in Europe because it was thought to be ________. A) poisonous B) hallucinogenic C) a cause of leprosy D) a cause of rickets E) All of the above are correct

E

18) Which of the following is a health benefit derived from the consumption of isoflavones? A) lower LDL levels B) reduced risk of osteoporosis C) inhibition of tumor formation D) reduced symptoms of menopause E) All of these are health benefits derived from the consumption of isoflavones

E

2) Which of the following is correct? A) The United States has an obesity epidemic. B) Over 800 million people in the world are hungry and malnourished. C) Since the earliest of recorded history, humans have practiced plant breeding by artificial selection. D) The wild perennial grass teosinte gave rise to modern corn. E) All of the above are correct.

E

21) Which one of the following is not one of the many uses of Leucaena leucocephala? A) edible seeds B) firewood C) making furniture D) restoring soil fertility E) producing lecithin

E

22) The most widely grown forage legume is which of the following? A) Pisum sativum B) Arachis hypogea C) Vicia faba D) Glycine max E) Medicago sativa

E

25) This starchy staple is a storage root that grows as a vine and requires a long warm growing season. What is this starchy staple? A) potato B) taro C) cassava D) yam E) sweet potato

E

26) The best way to reduce soil erosion is by the following which farming practice? A) conventional tillage B) maximal tillage C) reduced tillage D) no tillage farming E) All of the above are correct.

E

26) Which of the following is true about the sweet potato? A) It was introduced into Spain by Columbus. B) Its original name was batata. C) It was originally cultivated in Peru. D) It is a not really a type of yam. E) All of these statements are true about sweet potatoes.

E

28) Which of the following farming practices encouraged the widespread use of monoculture? A) genetically uniform plant species. B) increased mechanization of farm machinery. C) intense fertilization of crops. D) intense use of herbicides and pesticides. E) All of these encouraged the widespread use of monoculture.

E

3) The average amount of protein in beans is ________ percent. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20 E) 25

E

30) Monoculture has been the underlying cause of which of the following disasters? A) the Irish potato famine B) the destruction of Sri Lankan coffee plantations C) the corn leaf blight epidemic D) the extensive loss of Florida citrus trees E) All of the above are correct.

E

30) Which of the following forms of nitrogen is most commonly absorbed by plants? A) nitrates B) nitrites C) nitrogen oxide D) ammonium E) nitrogen gas

E

31) This misnamed staple was once known as sun root, does not contain starch, and is a weedy perennial in the sunflower family. This staple is known as which of the following? A) potato. B) taro. C) cassava. D) yam. E) Jerusalem artichoke.

E

5) Which of the following is correct about the history of the Green Revolution? A) The earliest involvement of U.S. scientists came in the early 1940s. B) The original purpose of the Green Revolution was to strengthen the agricultural practices used in Latin America. C) Insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides were all needed to maximize yield and were originally seen as a panacea in the Green Revolution. D) For maximum yield, the miracle crops also required ample water. E) All of the above are correct.

E

6) How has the anthropogenic input of nitrogen had negative effects? A) Acid rain is produced. B) Global warming has increased. C) Dead zones caused by algal blooms are increasing. D) It has contributed to the world population boom. E)All of these are negative effects caused by anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen.

E

6) Onions propagate asexually by which of the following? A) tubers B) rhizomes C) stolons D) corms E) bulbs

E

8) How do tuberous roots differ from taproots? A) Tuberous roots do not store starch. B) Tuberous roots develop from modified fibrous roots. C) Tuberous roots are not edible. D) Plants from tuberous roots are dicots. E)None of the above is correct

E

8) Maize differs from the plant ancestor from which it evolved by which of the following? A) the size of its stalks. B) its root system. C) the size and number of its ears. D) its nonshattering habit. E)All of these are correct.

E