Plant science chapter 3

Which of the following accurately describes the plasma membrane of a plant cell? An impermeable membrane, which did not allow any substance from freely entering or leaving the cell A permeable membrane, which prevents the cytoplasm from flowing out, but otherwise allows the passage of all substances in and out of the cell A semipermeable barrier, which allow, inhibit, or regulate the movement of substance in and out of the cell

A semipermeable barrier, which allow, inhibit, or regulate the movement of substance in and out of the cell

Two common types of leucoplasts are ____, which synthesize starch, and ____, which synthesize oils.

Amyloplasts Elaioplasts

The respiring of the genetic information the enables the synthesis of nearly all proteins in a living eukaryotic cell is called the ____. Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondrion

Nucleus

The rough ER is so named due to the presence of which structures on the surface of the membrane, which are not present (or are found in very small numbers) on the smooth ER. Ribosomes Glycoproteins Phospholipids

Ribosomes

Select all that apply: Functions of microtubules included which of the following? They facilitate movement of materials within the cell. They are involved in the maintenance of cell pressure. They are involved in cell division. They form bundles, which are involved in cytoplasm streaming. They control cellulose addition to they cell wall

They facilitate movement of materials within the cell. They are involved in cell division. They control cellulose addition to the cell wall.

The nuclear envelope is composed of which of the following? Three phospholipid membranes A single phospholipid membrane Two phospholipid membranes

Two phospholipid membranes

Anthocyanins are responsible for the red, purple, or blue colors of flowers. These pigments are usually dissolved in the ____. Fluid within chromoplasts Cell sap Oil containing microbodies Stroma chloroplasts

Cell sap

Which of the following is the main function of the mitochondria? Cellular respiration Shipping and packaging of proteins Synthesis of plasma membranes lipids Synthesis of microtubules

Cellular respiration

Plant cell walls are primarily composed of a glucose polymer called _____.

Cellulose

Plant cell walls are primarily composed of glucose polymer called ____.

Cellulose

Green plastids shaped somewhat like a flattened rugby football and responsible for photosynthesis are called ____.

Chloroplast

In plants, photosynthesis occurs in semiautonomous organelles called ____.

Chloroplasts

The association of DNA and proteins in a non-dividing eukaryotic cell is called ____. A plasmid The nuclear matrix The nuclear envelope Chromatin

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a non-dividing eukaryotic cell is referred to as ____.

Chromatin

Yellow, orange, or red plastids, which synthesize and accumulate carotenoids are called ____.

Chromoplast

Condensed chromatin strands are called ____. Chromosomes Phospholipids Chloroplasts

Chromosomes

Tiny strands of cytoplasm, which extend between adjacent plant cells through minute opening in the cell all are called ____. Middle lamellar Plasmodesmata Microfibrils Secondary cell walls

Plasmodesmata

Which of the following statements correctly describes the volume of mature plant cells taken up by vacuoles? The vacuoles take up less than 10% of the volume. The vacuoles take up more than 90% of the volume. The vacuoles take up about 50% of the volume.

The vacuoles take up more than 90% of the volume.

Stacks of ____ produce grana in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Thylakoids

The vacuolar membrane, also known as the ____, is the membrane surrounding the vacuole in plant cells.

Tonoplasts

Cellulose is a polymer of the monosaccharide ____.

Glucose

Select all that apply: The cytoskeleton of plant cells is composed mainly of which two kinds of fibers? Microtubules Cilia Microfibers Spindle fibers Microfilaments

Microtubules Microfilaments

The ____ are cellular organelles inside of which chemical energy stored within the covalent bonds of organic molecules is harvested for use by the cell.

Mitochondria

The ____ is the region of the nucleus composed primarily of RNA and associated proteins.

Nucleoli

Which of the following is a fundamental difference between plant and animal cells? Animal cells have mitochondria, whereas plant cells have chloroplasts instead. Plant cells have cell walls, whereas animal cells do not. Animal cells have a cell membrane, whereas plant cells do not.

Plant cells have cell walls, whereas animal cells do not

These organelles consist of a stack of flattened membranes, each enclosing a single compartment. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Dictyosomes

Dictyosomes

Which type of light microscope would allow the observer to see a three dimensional image of an opaque object? Dissecting microscope Compound microscope Confocal microscope

Dissecting microscope

The ____ ____ of a plant cell is made of a network of flattened and tubular membranes enclosing a sub-compartment within the cell where important enzymatic reactions (for example lipid synthesis) occur.

Endoplasmic reticulum

How many subunits make up a ribosome? 1 4 3 2

2

Which of the following accurately describes the endoplasmic reticulum of a plant cell? Two to three small stacks of flattened membranes from which small vesicles are constantly forming A bean shaped organelle surrounded by a highly folded double membrane A network of membranes (flattened sacs and tubes) that enclose a space throughout the cytoplasm

A network of membranes (flattened sacs and tubes) that enclose a space throughout the cytoplasm

The internal scaffolding of eukaryotic cells is termed the ____.

Cytoskeleton

The cytoplasm of a plant is made of a souplike fluid called ____, in which all of the various organelles are dispersed.

Cytosol

Which of the following is a stack of flattened thylakoids? Stroma Cristae Matrix Granum

Granum

In the cell wall of a plant cell, cellulose fibers are held together by a glue-like substance called ____.

Hemicellulose

Select all that apply: Which of the following are typically components of plant cell walls? Hemicellulose Glycogen Pectin Start his Cellulose Glycoproteins

Hemicellulose Pectin Cellulose Glycoproteins

Select all that apply: Certain cellular structures are only found in plant or animal cells (but not both). From the list below, choose all structures that are correctly paired to the type of cell (animal or plant) they are unique to. Plasmodesmata: animal cells Plastid: plant cells Centrioles: animal cells Cell plate: plant cells Cell wall: plant cells Mitochondria: animal cells

Plastids: plant cells Centrioles: animal cells Cell plate: plant cells Cell wall: plant cells

Which of the following is found in large amounts in the Nucleolus? Lipids Chromosomes Nuclear pores RNA

RNA

The slightly to moderately acidic fluid that fills the central vacuole is known as the cell ____.

Sap

In a mature plant cell, 90% or more of the volume is often occupied by one of two very large central ____.

Vacuoles

During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy and synthesize simple food compounds from which of the following? Water and carbon dioxide Water and oxygen Glucose and oxygen Carbon dioxide and oxygen

Water and carbon dioxide

The outer most boundary of the living part of a plant cell is that Plasma membrane Protoplasm Cell wall Plasmodesmata

Plasma membrane

Which of the following accurately describes the major function of the nucleus? It is the main site of ATP synthesis. It houses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. It is the main site of protein synthesis.

It houses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

Colorless plastids that can synthesize and store various substances, such as starch and oils collectively called ____.

Leucoplasts

Select all that apply: Sect two of the following that are functions of the central vacuole in plants. Maintenance of cell pressure Storage Synthesis of lipids Synthesis of proteins

Maintenance of cell pressure Storage

The surface of the nucleus is bounded by two phospholipid membranes, collectively known as the nuclear ____.

Envelope

A typical plant cell contains ____ dictysome(s) Five to eight A single Fifty to eighty Hundreds

Five to eight

Select all that apply: Select all the reasons that most cells are relatively small? In smaller cells, it is much less costly to move nutrients against their concentration gradient. Transport of nutrients into the cells of occur at an adequate rate. Instructions from the nucleus can reach all parts of the cell High energy molecules can be produced more easily in smaller cells

Instructions from the nucleus can reach all parts of the cell. Transport of nutrients into the cells can occur at an adequate rate

Which of the following are small enzyme-bearing membrane-enclosed vesicles found in plant cells? Ribosomes Chloroplasts Microbodies Mitochondria

Microbodies

The ____ cell wall of a plant typically contains more cellulose than the same cell's ____ cell wall.

Secondary Primary

Select all that apply: Select all the descriptions that are appropriate for chromosomes. They are formed of coiled chromatin strands. They are formed of a long, straight strands of chromatin. Every living thing has the same number of them. Each cell of a given species has its own fixed number and composition of them.

They are formed of coiled chromatin strands. Each cell of a given species has its own fixed number and composition of them.

Select all that apply: Select all features of the secondary cell wall. It contains hemicellulose and pectins, which are typically not found in the primary cell wall. It contains more cellulose than the primary cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in lignin. It is usually laid down before the primary cell wall.

It contains more cellulose than the primary cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in lignin

Select all that apply: Select all features of the secondary cell wall. It is usually laid down before the primary cell wall. It contains more cellulose than the primary cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in lignin. It contains hemicellulose and pectin, which are typically not found in the primary cell wall.

It contains more cellulose than the primary cell wall. Cellulose microfibrils are embedded in lignin

One of the principal ways in which plant cells organize their metabolism is by enclosing specialized enzymes in small membrane-bound vesicles called ____. Peroxisomes are an example of these vesicles.

Microbodies

Which fibers of the cytoskeleton are responsible for moving organelles and vesicles within the cell? These fibers also control the addition of cellulose to the cell wall. Cilia Flagella Microfilaments Centrosomes Microtubules

Microtubules

____ are long, hollow, cylindrical structures about 25 nanometers in diameter and are composed of the protein tubulin.

Microtubules

____ are specialized openings in the cell walls of plant cells where the cytoplasm of adjacent cells in connected for communication.

Plasmodesmata

A ribosome consists of a large and small subunit. What is each subunit made of? RNA only RNA and proteins Proteins only RNA, proteins and a membrane

RNA and proteins

Select all that apply: Indenting the functions of plants cell vacuoles. Synthesis of cell wall components Storage of ATP Regulation of cell pressure Regulation of pH Storage of waste products

Regulation of cell pressure Regulation of pH Storage of waste product

In light microscopy, magnifications of more than 1500x are considered "empty" because at this point, increases in magnification are no longer accompanied by increased in ____.

Resolution

Select all that apply: Which of the following can be found in the stroma of chloroplasts? A small dictyosomes Ribosomes One to three large vacuoles A circular DNA molecules Starch grains

Ribosomes A circular DNA molecule Starch grains

Regions of the ER with relatively few bound ribosomes are referred to as ____ ER.

Smooth

Many of the enzymes involved in photosynthesis are located in the colorless fluid matrix of chloroplasts, known as the ____.

Stroma

What is the fluid matrix inside the inner membrane but outside the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast called? Stroma Grana Thylakoid Cruistae

Stroma

Select all that apply: Which of the following are characteristics of microtubules? They are hollow. They are made of tubulin. They are usually organized as bundles. They are between 15-25 nanometers in diameter. They are highly branched.

They are hollow. They are made of tubulin. They are between 15-25 nanometers in diameter

Select all that apply: Which of the following are features of chloroplasts They can develops from chloroplasts, which undergo internal changes (for example loss of chlorophyll). They can synthesize and store large amount of starch and various types of oils. They are yellow, red, or orange in color. They accumulate in the flower petals giving them their red color.

They can develops from chloroplasts, which undergo internal changes (for example loss of chlorophyll). They are yellow, red, or orange in color.

Select all that apply: Which of the following statements about the chloroplasts of higher plants are true? They tend to be shaped like a rugby football. They are surrounded by two membranes. They are usually grouped in stacks of 15-29 near the nucleus of the cell. There are usually found in large numbers (75-125) in actively photosynthesizing cells. They are typically 20-100 micrometers in diameter.

They tend to be shaped like a rugby football. They are surrounded by two membranes. They are usually found in large numbers (75-125) in actively photosynthesizing cells