Pluto

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3 Slide

Pluto is like the icy objects orbiting the Sun, instead of the rocky terrestrial planets or the Jovian planets. Some things that show that Pluto is different from the terrestrial and Jovian planets include its composition (ice, rock, and frozen gases), changing atmosphere, small size, comparatively large moon, and its elliptical orbit around the Sun.

1 Slide

A few facts on Pluto is that it was discovered on February 18th, 1930 by the Lowell Observatory. Pluto was reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet, and It's one third water. Pluto is also named after hades, the god of the underworld, because it's so far away and there is so much darkness where it's located.Pluto was also discovered by: Clyde W. Tombaugh and Pluto's location was predicted by Percival Lowell in 1915.

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Here I have a 4 minute video to summarize Pluto.

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Most of the statistics about Pluto are on the fact sheet that I gave you all but here are some extra ones. So the tilt of Plutos axis is 123 degrees. Pluto is also extremely cold. Its temperature usually ranges from -387 to -369℉. It also takes Pluto 248 years to orbit the sun. And a day for Pluto is about a week on Earth. Pluto is a dwarf planet that lies in the Kuiper Belt. It's located in an area full of ice and dwarf planets, at the edge of our solar system. Pluto is also 2.67 billion miles away from Neptune.

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Now going back to Pluto atmosphere. So, Pluto sometimes has an atmosphere. Now I know you are all flabbergasted tasted but this is because Pluto's elliptical orbit takes it closer to the Sun, its surface ice thaws and forms a thin atmosphere primarily of nitrogen which slowly escapes the planet. It also has a methane haze that covers about 161 kilometers above the surface. The methane is separated by sunlight into hydrocarbons that fall to the surface and coat the ice with a dark covering. When Pluto travels away from the Sun the atmosphere then freezes back to its solid state.

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Now going on to the moons, Charon is Plutos biggest moon and was discovered by James W. Christy on June 22, 1978. It is made up of 55% rock and 45% ice. Styx was discovered on June 26, 2012 by Mark Showalter. And I think that's really cool because that means they found that moon almost exactly 34 years after they found Charon. Nix was actually discovered by the Bubble Space telescope on June 15, 2005. This is a video of what it looks like and how it moves. These are some pictures of Pluto's other two moons, Kerberos and Hydra.

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On July 14, 2015 the New Horizons spacecraft, which was launched in 2006, flew by. It took a series of images and other measurements. New Horizons is now on its way to the Kuiper Belt to explore even more distant objects. Pluto's gravitational force is 0.62 meter per second to the second. So, if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 8 pounds on Pluto. Now I'm gonna skip the moons but come back to them but for now I'm going to explain the ring system. Many astronomers have no idea if Pluto really has any rings. Since, it's so far away, it's impossible to get a clear view of Pluto from here on Earth.

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Pluto is a very mysterious planet that many astronomers have questions about. The facade of pluto is a rock crust but if you go into the interior, you will find out that one third of pluto is completely ice! The mantle of Pluto is 3 times as much water than Earth's oceans and the remaining two thirds are rock. Pluto's surface is coated with ice and has several mountain ranges; some made out of pure Nitrogen. Pluto has some light regions but also some very dark regions. There are many craters on it too.

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Pluto would not be able to terra-form because massive amounts of energy would be needed to help melt and warm Pluto because it's so far from the sun. Also, there is toxic carbon monoxide in Pluto's atmosphere so therefore, we wouldn't be able to breathe. A new discovery about Pluto is that on May 20, 2019, a source at Hokkaido University stated that computer simulations provided some compelling evidence that a layer of gas could keep a subsurface ocean from freezing beneath Pluto's icy exterior.

3 Slide (part 2)

Pluto's composition is made up of a rocky surface covered with methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide ice. The mantle is mostly made out of ice and little bits of rock. The core is iron-nickel alloy with rock and ice. Now, I'll go more into depth with the atmosphere later but Nitrogen makes up most of the gases in Pluto's atmosphere. There is also carbon monoxide and methane too but those have a lower percentage than the Nitrogen.


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