PMP Prep
Identify characteristics of the Agile method.
*Identifies issues earlier and changes are easier to implement *Agile is incremental *Agile is iterative *Agile focuses on highest-value items first *Agile allows for feedback to be obtained early and often
What are some of the benefits of story mapping?
*Identifies what to build first *helps in planning releases *identifies scope *supports an iterative approach *helps with prioritizing backlog
What are some essential strategies for achieving stakeholder commitment in an Agile project?
*Senior management support *train key stakeholders on technologies and processes *accept customer representatives *be flexible
What are some of the benefits of Agile games?
*They can faciliitate issue examination and improvement identification *They can drive good behaviors *The can help overcome destructive bahaviors
What are the characteristics of effective decision-making techniques for Agile projects?
*all relevant stakeholders are invovled *decision gradient used for consensus *all ideas supported even if not full agreement *all opinions are heard and discussed
What are some of the characteristics of a cohesive and effective Agile team?
*balance between collaboration and cooperation *members are empowered to make their own decision *open and frequent communication
Priority Matrices
*compares any two of four factors against eachother (value, cost, risk, releasability) *includes 4 quadrants of classification *focuses on prioritzing requirements that are highest in value, cost and risk
Kano Model
*generated thorugh surveys of end users and customers * compares degree of requirements implementation against degree of customer satisfaction *graph based
Identify some best practices for creating personas as part of requirements definition.
*include negative personas *base personas on reality *create 3 or less *create primary and secondary *ensure personas are specific and have defined goals
Identify effective strategies to improve team performance.
*recognize individual efforts and contributions *ensure team members are energized *set high performance and technical expectation benchmarks *quickly identify problems *focus on one task at a time
Identify effective communication tools for information flow in an Agile environment.
*use story cards *flow charts *burndown charts *task boards
Tuckman's model of group development
1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing 5. Adjourning
Steps of backlog grooming process in order.
1. Gather and analyize user and customer feedback 2. Integrate learnings 3. Determine next steps 4. Develop small stories 5. prepare stories
Sh-Ha-Ri Developmental Mastery Model
1. Imitate 2. Understand 3. Self-directed innovation
steps of the Square Root of the Sum of the Squares method for calculating project buffer in order.
1. Take each task's 90% or worst case estimate 2. Subtract its 50% or average estimate 3. Divide the result by two, square the result 4. Calculate sum of results for all the tasks 5. Calculate the square root of that result and multiply by 2 for final result
If there are 10 customers in line and the throughput is 5 customers per minute, what the lead time would be?
2 minutes
Delphi Technique
A decision-making technique in which group members (experts) do not meet face-to-face but respond in writing to questions posed by the group leader.
Foward Pass
A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity.
MVP
A minimum viable product (MVP) is the bare minimum version of your product that still solves the problem for your customers while a prototype is a model of the expected product before actually building it.
workaround
A response to an unplanned risk event
Secondary Risk
A secondary risk is caused by applying the strategy to minimize the effect of the primary risk.
Multicriteria Decision Analysis
A technique that utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank many ideas.
Contingency reserve
A time or dollar amount allotted as a response to KNOWN risk events that may occur within a project.
Identify the five ADAPT requirements for transitioning to an Agile environment.
Ability Desire Awareness Promote Transfer
What are some useful types of documentation for Agile projects?
Acceptance testing documents, user documentation, support documentation
Team Performance Appraisal
Adress the team performance and not individual.
Pair programming
Agile programming technique where two programmers sit, side-by-side, and program aloud.
Iterative Life Cycle
Allows feedback for unfinished work to improve and modify that work
Facilitated Workshops
An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements. aims to get stakeholders from different areas to understand each other's' point of view.
Inspection versus Audit
An inspection is a structured review of the work being performed by the supplier. This may involve a simple review of the deliverables or an actual physical review of the work itself. Audits are a structured review of the procurement process.
final task that a project manager will typically perform when closing a project
Archive Information
Retrospective
At regular intervals, the team reflects on work product, how to become more effective and then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly. Doesn't have to be after an iteration only - can be when the team is stuck, when the team complets something, when its been a few weeks since the last retrospective, etc.
Dreyfus model of skill acquisition
Binary qualities include recollection, recognition, decision and awareness
Are organizational process assets are inputs or outputs of the Close Project or Phase process?
Both
Biggest challenge when teams are spread across countries
CULTURAL
What is a good technique to use when resolving and closing project issues?
Cause-and-effect analysis is a good technique to resolve and close project issues.
Acceptance Testing
Clients, product owners, and stakeholders conduct user acceptance testing to test the product to ensure that it meet the minimum objectives to deliver business value. User acceptance testing is the last phase in the release cycle and is conducted prior to moving an application to production.
Which subsidiary of the project management plan will the project manager use most often?
Communication mangement plan
Benchmarking
Comparing actual or planned products to comparable products to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement and provide basis for measuring performance.
Enterprise Environmental Factors
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio. Rules & Regulations, Organization Culture, and Market Conditions are examples of Enterprise Environmental Factors.
Close Phase
Conduct team performance evaluations
configuration management plan
Configuration identification is when you select and record all the items related to the project, including the product and project management documents that require version control.
Iteration Planning Activities
Confirm user stories and priorities for next sprint, decomposed stories into tasks, refine estimate
Mind Mapping
Consolidates ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and generate new ideas.
corrective action
Corrective actions are taken when the project has deviated from the planned scope, schedule, cost, or quality requirements. Corrective actions are reactive in nature and are intended to bring the project's performance back into alignment with the agreed-upon project baselines.
Agile Team Members
Cross functional team member, team facilitator, product owner
What are some methodologies that can be used for Agile project management?
DAD, Crystal Methods, BDD, TDD, Kanban
defect repair
Defect Repair is a process where you correct a defective component.
Definitive Estimate Budgetary Estimate Order of Magnitude Estimate
Definitive Estimate: -5% to +10% Budgetary estimate: -10% to +25% accuracy Order of magnitude estimate: - 25% to +75% accuracy
As an output of which process is the issue log created first?
Direct and manage project work
SV (schedule variance)
EV-PV
CPI =
EV/AC (earned value/actual cost)
SPI =
EV/PV
What parameters are necessary for EVM?
Earned Value management Assumed team velocity, actual project costs, release plan, estimated backlog in story points
For internal projects, who is the owner?
Empowered person who will BENEFIT from the development
What are the five Agile project management model phases?
Envisioning, Adapting, Exploring, Speculating, Closing
who is on your project team asks you who is responsible for manage quality?
Everyone
Annual Performance Review
Examine performance of individual across ALL projects.
EMV =
Expected Monetary Value = Impact * Probability
Warranty Work is a type of what cost?
External Failure Cost
Kanban
Flow Based approach; measured by lead time, cycle time and response time; does not used timebox iterations
Who controls the budget in a weak matrix?
Functional Manager
Transcational Leadership
GIve out awards etc.
Identify some of the recommended components of a business case.
Goals, Strategy, Opportunity, Project Vision
Gold plating
Gold Plating is a phenomenon where you add some extra features to the product in order to make the client happy. Gold Plating may increase cost and risks.
Which of attributes are more important than technical skills for a project manager of an agile team?
Humility, honesty and collaboration
Scrum is what type of agile planning
ITERATION BASED
What is the outcome of cycle time reduction?
Increased productivity
Agile Primary Value
Individuals and Interactions Working Software Respond to change
During which process groups does you spend the most time on managing the needs and expectations of his stakeholders?
Initiating and Planning (upfront when their changes cost the least)
What are common risk management strategies useful in Agile projects?
Introspectives, variance and trend analysis, value stream mapping, pre-mortem activities
Project Tracking Tool and Iteration Level
Iteration burnup chart, iteration burndown chart
Agile Life Cycle
Iterative and Incremental to refine work items and deliver frequently
Identify wireframing best practices for formatting user stories.
Keep them simple, gather feedback, use storyboards and annotations, provide explanations, experiment
Affinity Diagrams
Large number of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis
What types of risks are kept on the Watch LIst
Low-priority risks are kept in the Watch List. These risks have low probability and low impact. These risks are kept in the Watch List for future monitoring to determine if they may become a high probability or a large impact risk.
In what process are managing ground rules a technique
Manage Stakeholder Engagement
Monitor and Control Project Work (what do they each mean)
Monitoring involves gathering information about the project's performance. This helps you detect trends by identifying any deviations from or risks to the project plan. Then, you can take preventive or corrective action if needed. Controlling activities in the Monitor and Control Project Work process involves taking action to correct problems or deviations you discover through monitoring activities. This includes preparing change requests, monitoring implementation of corrective actions, adjusting project baselines to account for approved changes, and monitoring the execution of risk response plans.
Predictive Life Cycle
More traditional approach; bulk of planning up front; execute in a single pass; sequential
Which estimate is given more weight in the PERT estimate formula?
Most Likely estimate; (Optimistic + 4*Most-Likely + Pessimistic)/6
What are the four categories of the MoSCoW model?
Must have, Could have, Should Have, Wont Have
Which are suitable types of contracts for an Agile project?
Not to exceed with fixed fee, incentive contracts, service contracts for the series of fixed price contracts, time and material contracts, cost reimbursible
What do you need to conduct agile value management
Number of iterations planned, budget, number of story points planned
Downward Communiation
PM to Team
Internal EEF
PMIS
Who does most likely conduct an audit to ensure compliance to health and safety regulations?
PMO
Point of Total Assumption (PTA)
PTA is a point above which total cost overrun is borne by the seller.
Qualitative Risk Analysis
Perform for all risks on all projects
Project Performance Appraisal
Performance of a specific team member on the project.
Organization knowledge repository
Place where Intellectual resources like databases, documents, guides, policies and procedures, software, and patents
Planned Value
Planned Value (PV) is the authorized budget assigned to work to be accomplished for an activity or WBS component. (Planned % Complete) X (BAC)
preventative action
Preventive actions are taken when the project is trending away from the planned scope, schedule, cost, or quality requirements. Preventive actions are proactive in nature, based on a variance and trend analysis. Preventive actions are intended to ensure the project is delivered in alignment with the agreed-upon project baselines.
Identify the benefits of setting WIP limits.
Prevents bottlenecks, ensures limits are determined and agreed upon, determines min and max amount of work, identifies areas of idleness or overload, improves througput
What are some of the elements included in a project charter? (Agile)
Problem, Vision Statement, Customer, Objectives or Mission
Agile Secondary Value
Processes and Tools Comprehensive documents Contract Negotiation
What is the name for sample packaging that visually depicts a product?
Product Vision Box
Identify the common review and feedback methods for Agile projects.
Product feedback loops, five whys, retrospectives, fishbone diagram analysis
Initation Phase
Product owner establishes the product vision
Who controls the budget in a projectized organization and strong matrix?
Project Manager
Who controls the budget in a balanced matrix?
Project Manager and the Function Manager
What scheduling buffer types are used for Agile projects?
Project buffers, feature buffers, feeding buffers, resource buffers
How to motivate team members in agile team?
Provide challenging work and praising team members in front of others.
Incremental Life Cycle
Provides finished deliverables that the customer may be able to use immediately
How does flow-based agile planning work?
Pulls featues from backlock based on capacity to start work rather than on an iteration based schedule. Each feature my take a different time to finish.
Servant Leaders Approach to Work
Purpose -- people -- process
Relationshop between product backlog and sprint backlock
RElation is recipricol; the product backlog is used to create the sprint backlog
Which opportunity is related to the Kanban pull system?
Reduced inventory
Progress Tracking Tool at Project Level
Release burnup chart, releaes burndown chart, parking lot chart
In which knowledge areas is negotiation used as a tool and technique?
Resources, procurements and stakeholder
RACI Chart
Responsible, Accountable, Consult, Inform; Responsibility assignment matrix; shows who should be informed regarding a certain activity
Ambiguity Risk
Risks in the future that are impossible to predict.
Qualities of situational leadership from Hersey and Blanchard
S1: Telling or directing, S2: Selling or coaching, S3: Participating or supporting, S4: Delegating or observing.
Technique for risk identification
SWOT analysis (A) shows strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and is used for risk identification.
Identify some of the characteristics of testing activities for Agile projects.
Scripted approach, mandatory and exploratory, emphasis on autonomy skill and creativity, performed continuously, usability focus
Project Owners is AKA
Service Request Manager
examples of a prototype
Simulations, storyboarding, and mock-ups
Team charter is AKA
Social Contract
Identify the four Scrum inspect and adapt events.
Sprint Planning, Sprint review, Daily Scrum, Sprint Restrospective
Review and Adapt Phase
Stakeholders demonstrate products, Conduct team performance evaluations
Development Phase
Stakeholders participate in sprints
Standard deviation equation
Standard Deviation = (Pessimistic Estimate - Optimistic Estimate)/6
On a Kanban board, which item is often used to depict a task?
Sticky Notes
In which stage of the Tuckman ladder will team effectiveness reach its lowest point?
Storming
Identify some of the estimating techniques you can use for Agile projects.
Story points, affinity estimation, wideband delphi, ideal days, relative sizing
organizational project management (OPM)
Strategy execution framework utilizing project, program, and portfolio management as well as organizational enabling practices to consistently and predictably deliver organizational strategy producing better performance, better results, and a sustainable competitive advantage.
What are the key activities that take place in the iteration planning meeting?
Tasks are assigned, commitment is confirmed for completing assigned tasks, user stories are translated into specific tasks, user stories are presented
What are some of the considerations to keep in mind when scaling an Agile team?
Team size, compliance requirements, organization distribution, geographic distribution, electronic document requirements
Swarming
Technique in which multiple team members focus on resolving a specific impediment.
Collective Code Ownership
Technique where a team member is authorized to modify any project work product or deliverable.
What theory was suggested by Demming?
The Plan-do-Check-Act doctrine - used in scrum, iterative and agile practice
Budget at Completion (BAC)
The original total budget for a project; does not include management reserve
Who participates in the daily scrum?
The people who must attend the Daily Scrum are only members of the Development Team. They are responsible for getting it right. The Scrum Master, the Product Owner, or any Stakeholder may attend as listeners, but are not required to do only as long as it is useful to the Development Team.
Response Time (Kanban)
The period between when a user story is added to the Kanban board until the work on the user story is started is the response time.
Control Procurements
The process of managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance, and making changes and corrections as appropriate. Makes sure they are paid.
Agile Release Planning Components
The product vision drives the product road map. The product road map drives the release plan. The release plan establishes the iterations. The iteration plan schedules feature development. Prioritized features are delivered by user stories. Tasks are created to deliver user stories.
Scrum master vs servant leader when it comes to impedments
The scrum master coaches his team to remove impediments while the servant leader has the ability to change or remove impediments.
Who assigns tasks to agile project team members?
The team
Release Planning Phase
The team plans the product work for product development
Scope Creep
The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources.
TCPI
To Complete Performance Index. The efficiency needed to complete project. If greater than 1, you need to work with better cost performance. TCPI = (BAC - EV) / (BAC - AC)
Which waste type is associated with moving items between various tasks?
Transportation
stakeholder engagement assessment matrix categories
Unaware = unaware of project and impacts on them Resistant = aware but not in support Neutral = aware but not opinion Supporting = supportive and want it to succeed Leading = actively engaged and want to help
Characteristics of a Project
Unique, gives an output, non-repetitive
What are some considerations to keep in mind when estimating team velocity?
Unpredictable technological complexity, miscommunicatino, changing requirements, changes in team structure, too much focus on increased velocity
Value Stream Mapping
Used in agile; used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer. When the process is mapped out you can take action by focusing on continuous delivery, setting work in progress limits, and eliminating waste.
What is the best definition of the process Manage Project Knowledge?
Using existing knowledge and creating new knowledge to achieve the project's objectives
What is the element of the Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) Formula?
Value added time, lead time
VAC
Variance at Completion BAC - EAC
Pareto Chart
Vertical bar graph on which bar height reflects frequency or impact of causes; helps you identify the minor number of sources causing most of the troubles.
Burndown Chart
WOrk remaining versus time
When is change formally controlled?
When projects have established baselines
Blended agile
When two more more agile techniques are used
Work Performance Information
Work performance information is the processed and analyzed data that will help the project manager make project decisions.
Scatter diagram
a graph that shows the degree and direction of relationship between two variables
Mobbing
a technique in which multiple team members focus simultaneously and coordinate their contributions on a work item
Kanban Board
a visualization tool that enables improvements to the flow of work by making bottlenecks and work quantities visible
Crashing
add resources
WHo signs team charter
all members
In which project phases do you identify the project stakeholders?
all phases
Radar Chart
also known as a spider chart, can be used to assess the suitability of an agile approach. To determine if a proposed project is a good fit for an agile methodology, stakeholders complete a questionnaire that is based on key aspects of the project. This data is used to create the radar chart, which will show if the project's characteristics and environment are a good fit for an agile approach.
Actual Cost
amount of money you have spent to date
regressional analysis
analyzes the interrelationships between different project variables that contributed to the project outcome to improve performance on future projects
Work performance data
are raw observations and measurements, which need to be interpreted before you can make a decision.
Organizational Process Assets
assets possessed by an organization to help you to run the project efficiently and smoothly; e.g. policies, procedures, lessons learned, etc.
shared risk procurement model
both the buyer and the seller share in the risk and rewards associated with a project.
Focus Groups
bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to discuss requirements. The goal of a focus group is to encourage interaction of experts.
Iteration Based Agile
burn down + velocity; time boxes; work from highest priority to lowest; each time box is the same size
Beta distributation formula
cE = (cO + 4 x cM + cP) / 6
Resource Breakdown Structure
can include specific information about resources. Examples are skill level and required certifications, which can be helpful for recruitment
Fishbone diagram is also known as
cause-and-effect and Ishikawa diagram.
Factors that influence the success of a team from least to most important
co-location of team, co-located team room, full-time assignment of team members
DevOps
collection of practices for creating a smooth flow of delivery by collaboration between development and operations staff.
What is the term for locating members close to one another, or in the same workspace?
colocation
Where are escalation practices found (ie conflict with a stakeholder)
communication management plan
stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
compares current and desired stakeholder engagement levels.
Configuration Management Plan
component of the project management plan that describes how to identify and account for project artifacts under configuration control, and how to record and report changes to them.
Definition of DOne
concerned with the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use; defined in the SCOPE
Project Team Assignments
contain information on the skills and abilities of the project team. When team members enhance their skills, this is reflected in this document.
Rational Pursusasion
convince using empirical data; politics can play tho if the stakeholders want to use a different "expert"
definition of done
customer signoff, product meets industry standards, team is wrapping up the validate scope process
plurality
decision-making technique whereby the largest block in a group decides even if a majority is not achieved.
definition of ready
defines the criteria that a specific user story has to meet before being considered for estimation or inclusion into a sprint. (ie an acceptance test)
Project Benefits Management Plan
defines the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by a project.
Quality Management Plan
describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives.
Management Reserve
discretionary reserve set aside by upper management to be used to cover future situations that can't be predicted. unidentified risk.
Fast tracking
do things in parallel
team charter
document that records the team values, agreements, and operating guidelines, and expectations regarding behavior within the team.
Project Business Case
documented economic feasibility study that validates the benefits, which is used to authorize the project
Monte Carlo analysis
does not focus on single risks but simulates the combined effects of individual projects risks to evaluate the potential impact on achieving project objectives.
Rolling Wave Planning
ear term work is planned in more detail, while the distant work is planned broadly.
Responsibilities of Servant Leader
educate stakeholders on why and how to be agile, support the project team through mentoring, support building activities with external groups, and help the team with technical project management activities.
nominal group technique
enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization
Release Planning Activies
establish project goals, create user stories, prioritize stories
Key Performance Indicator
example of work performance data.
multi-tiered contract structure
fixed items can be locked in a master agreement while dynamic items can be formalized in a lightweight statement of work.
Charismatic Leader
focused on inspring people
Three forms of legitmate power
formal, reward and penalty
Tuckmans Ladder Order
forming, storming, norming, and performing.
Direct and Manage Project Work
generating work performance data - executing approved changes - issuing change requests - documenting lessons learned
In an agile team, what is the product owners role?
guide direction of work; rank work based on business value; provide fedback; work with stakeholders, cutomers and teams to define product direction; create the backlog for and with the team
T shaped people
have a speciality but also breadth of experience across multiple skills
Maslow theory
hierarchy of needs; it states that when our lower order needs are met and satisfied, we tend to be concerned with the higher order of needs.
Governance Framework
influences how: objectives are set and achieved, risk is monitored and assessed, and performance is optimized.
configuration control
involved with the product or project deliverables and manages the product baseline.
high interest and low power
keep informed
high power and low-interest category stakeholders
keep satisfied
What is an Epic
large user stories that can be broken down in a number of smaller user stories. If your user story is too large this can result in inaccurate estimations.
Cycle time versus lead tim
lead time is the total time it takes to deliver an item, measured from the time it is added to the board to the moment it is completed while cycle time is the time required to process an item.
Flow based agile
lead time, cycle time, response time; Kanban; WIP limits
Value Stream Mapping
lean enterprise technique used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer.
What are spikes used for?
learning about critical technical or functional elements
post-project retrospective analysis
lessons learned tool
Artifact
living document of the project and a term used in Scrum: product backlog, sprint backlog, product increment
high power and high-interest category stakeholders
manage closely
Planned-to-done ration
measures predicability. (user stories meeting definition of done)/(User Stories planned on completing)
low power and low-interest category stakeholders
monitor
implement a change request falls under
monitor and control work
What could explain the switch from a negative gradient to a positive gradient in a burndown chart?
more features are added to the product backlog
Quantitative Risk Analysis
more limited use, based on the type of project, the project risks, and the availability of data to use to conduct the quantitative analysis.
What are some of the customer-valued prioritization methods you can use in Agile projects?
multivoting, kano analysis, 100-point method, CARVER technique
Who is responsible for regulatory compliance
organizational governance
Work performance information
performance data collected from various controlling processes, analyzed in context, and integrated based on relationships across areas.
Impact Mapping
planning technique that acts as a roadmap to the organization while building new products.
At which level in an organization are business value decisions made?
portfolio
Screening system
predefined criteria that are used to short-list vendors for source selection
Who can cancel a sprint
product owner
Refactoring
product quality technique whereby the design of a product is improved by enhancing attributes
stakeholder register
project document that includes the identification, assessment, and classification of project stakeholders as well as their expectations of comunications
WHo setting priorities between any constraints identified for the project during project initiation
project sponsor (customer if extermnal)
LEAN Quality Management System
provide the project manager with the tools required to ensure that each iteration meets compliance requirements. As each iteration finishes, the Quality Management System will kick off a compliance test prior to release to ensure that each story point meets the business needs of the client while maintaining regulatory controls.
Resource Management Plan
provides guidance on how project resources should be categorized, allocated, managed, and released.
PMIS is an example of what type of communication
pull communication
Work performance reports
representation of work performance information intended to generate decisions, actions, or awareness
Agile method of quality compliance
require that a test case be developed prior to implementing any changes to code. This is done to reduce time in testing and help facilitate feedback from clients on any changes to the product. These test cases help to ensure that the product is functioning as intended and can be reused to test the same functionality throughout the product lifecycle.
When situation are highly volatile (someone gets very angry) its best to
retreat and allow some time to pass before re=engaging
Competing Constraints
scope, schedule, cost, resources, quality, and risk.
Team Facilitator role
servant leader; scrum master; coach
Quality Metric
specifically describes a project or product attribute and how the Control Quality process will verify compliance to it.
Adaptive Life Cycles
specified time-boxed periods for releases, waves, and iterations. Time-boxed periods are durations during which the team works steadily toward completed of a goal.
Which relationship model is most commonly used in the Precedence diagrams
start to finish
Risk Mitigation
strategy that seeks to reduce the risk to a level that is acceptable
Quality Audit
structured reviews that examine whether an organization's policies and procedures are being applied correctly and whether they achieve their purpose.
PMI Talent Triangle
technical project management, leadership, and strategic and business management
Lead Time (Kanban)
the amount of time a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATTD)
the entire team defines the acceptance criteria for a work product. ATTD does also use automated tests, however, these automated tests are not created before the product is created as is the case for TDD
Change control addresses
the management of the project and manages changes to the project baseline.
Residual Risk
the risk that remains after management implements internal controls or some other response to risk
Triple Constraint
time, cost, scope
What is included in a cost baseline?
total funds required + management reserves (anticipated liabilities)
Team augmentation
used to embed the supplier's services directly into the customer organization. Funding teams instead of a specific scope preserves the customer's strategic decision on what work should actually be done.
Accomondating (Conflict Resolution Technique)
used to show importance on where parties agree instead of focusing on their differences.
backlog refinement meeting
user stories are refined so the team understands what stories are and how large stories are in relation to each other
Trend analysis
validate the models used in the organization and to implement adjustment for future projects
Earned Value
value of the work actually completed to date. If the project is terminated today, Earned Value will show you the value that the project has produced. % of completed work X BAC (Budget at Completion)
information radiator
visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization enabling up-to-the-minute knowledge sharing without having to disturb the team
Daily Scrum
what has been accomplished since the last meeting, what the team is planning to complete before the next meeting and the impediments the team is dealing with.
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
writing automated tests before the actual product is created, which helps people design and make the product less prone to mistakes.
probability and impact matrix
x-axis represents the impact while the y-axis represents probability.
Resource leveling
you arrange resources to maximize their utility.
