POL2761

______ is the recognized right of officials to exercise power.

Authority

Under an authoritarian government,

1. the regime is usually backed by the military or police. 2. political opposition is openly repressed. 3. opposition leaders are sometimes brutalized or imprisoned.

In what year was discrimination against Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian immigrants finally removed from U.S. immigration law?

1965

What is the true test of an opinion?

Does it hold up when judged against other views?

As political leaders have become more willing to make deceptive claims, the public has

become more tolerant of the practice.

The idea that there are lawful restrictions on government power is called

constitutionalism.

According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, who or what has greater control over economic policy than even elected officials have?

corporate elites

What term refers to the influence of business firms on public policy?

corporate power

A particularly strong example of Americans' determination to build a more equal society is its

public education system

A particularly strong example of Americans' determination to build a more equal society is its

public education system.

The state of California barred individual of Japanese descent from doing what?

purchasing property

Who or what holds the power in a pluralist system?

special interests

What document proclaimed that "Governments deriv[e] their just powers from the consent of the governed"?

the Declaration of Independence

Democracy may free the mind, but who determines how that freedom will be used?

the individual

At what point in American history did the influence of business firms on public policy become a defining feature of American politics?

the late 1800s

In the U.S., who or what is the ultimate source of governing authority?

the people

Who is the "self" in the political ideal of self-government?

the people

Concerning power sharing, the U.S. is

unique.

The "two Americas" referenced in the text are

white America and black America.

The best way to characterize political power in the United States is that it is

widely shared.

Individualism in the U.S. is best described as

deeply ingrained.

Despite the existence of institutions that encourage widespread participation, wealth gives rise to ______, the power that well-positioned and highly influential individuals have.

elitism

What does the text describe as "America's most elusive ideal"?

equality

Which of the following reflects the notion that all individuals have the same moral worth and treatment under the law?

equality

Political scientists use the term ______ to describe the situation in which the majority of citizens effectively determines what government policy will be.

majoritarianism

When political leaders respond to the policy desires of the majority, it is referred to as

majoritarianism

Compared to other countries, the U.S. holds

more elections.

The overall way in which society settles conflicts and allocates the resulting benefits and costs is called

politics.

The ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments is called

power.

Who or what owns the means of production in a free-market economic system?

private firms

In a pluralist system, who or what would have the most influence on policies regarding regulation of Internet service providers?

the providers themselves

Which of the following statements are true about American ideals and government?

1. Americans generally believe that government power should be widely shared. 2. Americans believe that their government should have a high purpose.

Which of the following statements are true of economic power in the United States?

1. Corporate power operates in part through the influence that firms have with government officials. 2. Roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nation's capital represent business firms. 3. Firms have greater control over wages and working conditions than in other Western democracies.

Which of the following were periods with high levels of bipartisanship in American history?

1. George Washington's first years as president 2. World War I 3. War II

Which of the following correctly describes political culture?

1. It helps define citizens' relationships to each other. 2. It is derived from the country's traditions. 3. It helps define the relationship between citizens and their government.

Which of the following correctly describes political culture?

1. It helps define the relationship between citizens and their government. 2. It helps define citizens' relationships to each other. 3. It is derived from the country's traditions.

Which of the following are true of party polarization?

1. Partisan fights have become prolonged and bitter. 2. Partisanship has increased dramatically over the past few decades. 3. Partisan divisions have surfaced on nearly every issue

Which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating American democracy?

1. The American Revolution sought to create a radically different form of society. 2. The idea of individual potential could be achieved more easily in the New World than in the Old World. 3. Colonists, following Enlightenment ideas, wanted to overturn the European way of governing.

Which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating American democracy?

1. The American Revolution sought to create a radically different form of society. Colonists, following Enlightenment ideas, wanted to overturn the European way of governing. The idea of individual potential could be achieved more easily in the New World than in the Old World.

Which of the following accurately describe higher education in the U.S.?

1. The U.S. ranks second only to Canada in the number of people over 25 with a college degree. 2. The U.S. has the most elaborate system of higher education in the world. 3. U.S. states with the lowest proportion of college grads have more residents with a bachelor's degree than the typical European country.

Which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating American democracy?

1. The idea of individual potential could be achieved more easily in the New World than in the Old World. 2.Colonists, following Enlightenment ideas, wanted to overturn the European way of governing. 3. The American Revolution sought to create a radically different form of society.

Which of the following accurately describe higher education in the U.S.?

1. U.S. states with the lowest proportion of college grads have more residents with a bachelor's degree than the typical European country. 2. The U.S. ranks second only to Canada in the number of people over 25 with a college degree. 3. The U.S. has the most elaborate system of higher education in the world.

In the democratic system of the United States, which of the following are bestowed with legal authority to exercise power?

1. members of. Congress 2. the president judges

Elements of constitutionalism include

1. officials being required to follow the laws. 2. lawful restrictions of governmental power. 3. the protection of individual rights.

Which of the following are tools that political science offers to increase one's ability to think critically?

1. reliable information about how the U.S. political system operates 2. systematic generalizations about major tendencies in American politics 3. terms and concepts that precisely describe aspects of politics

Which of the following were placed in the United States Constitution in order to prevent majority tyranny?

1. separation of powers 2. a bill of rights 3. checks and balances

Politics are necessary because

1. society's resources are limited. 2. people do not all think alike. 3. conflict in a society is inevitable.

In the democratic system of the United States, which of the following are bestowed with legal authority to exercise power?

1. the president 2. members of 3. judges

Slavery in America lasted for ______ years.

250

The text suggests that Americans tend especially toward selective memory and recasting history because

Americans' beliefs are so idealistic.

Which of the following are among the false beliefs that roughly 50 percent or more of Americans believed were actually true in recent years?

All of the answers are correct. Rationale: Fifty percent of those polled believed the misinformation about China and Social Security; 70 percent believed the misinformation about crime. China owns more than half of US debt.

What best describes the ways in which our media system has presented obstacles to critical thinking in recent history?

All the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements are true about American ideals and government?

Americans believe that their government should have a high purpose.

True or false: It is more dangerous for an electorate to be uninformed than misinformed

False

True or false: It is more dangerous for an electorate to be uninformed than misinformed.

False

Which of the following statements about political institutions and interests in the United States is true

Few nations have as many competing interests and institutions as the United States.

Which of the following is a core value of American political ideology?

Government should serve the people.

is a commitment to personal initiative and self-sufficiency.

Individualism

Upon what assumption was Chinese immigration to the U.S. suspended in 1882?

The Chinese were an inferior people.

What best explains why European governments give the American colonies a degree of self-determination?

The geographical distance that separated them was too great to do otherwise.

How are the media treated under an authoritarian government?

They are tightly controlled.

Which of the following is true of American democratic political ideals?

They come from European Enlightenment beliefs about individual worth.

True or false: Americans turn to the courts to make rights claims more often than people elsewhere in the world.

True

Helga and Halla are sisters who vehemently disagree about politics and support opposing parties. When they watch a news story about how a Republican congressional representative has been accused of embezzling campaign funds to support his drug addiction, Republican Helga immediately dismisses the story, while Democrat Halla counters that "of course it's true." Both women are demonstrating

a confirmation bias.

Which of the following statements best describes politicians' "slanting" of the facts?

aders of both parties have done this.

Compared to other countries, Americans have pursued their individual rights

aggressively and in many areas.

Political culture in the U.S. is based upon Americans

allegiance to common goals.

Political culture in the U.S. is based upon Americans'

allegiance to common goals.

Which governing structure represses individuals and groups that oppose the regime?

authoritarianism

The text cites President Trump's decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris Agreement on climate change—even though two-thirds of Americans polled disagreed with the decision—as an example of

authority.

A single individual controls governance in which of these forms of government?

autocracy

Henri is a conservative Republican. This morning, he heard a news story describing how the local Democrat school board chair was allowing student scores to be artificially inflated. If Henri is guilty of confirmation bias, he will likely

believe the story without any further research.

Americans' belief in self-government formed in

colonial America.

Which of the following is a system based on rule of law, including legal protections for individuals, empowering individuals by enabling them to claim their rights in court?

constitutional

A form of government in which the power to govern is in the hands of the citizens, either directly or through representatives, is called a(n)

democracy.

Which of the following is a system of majority rule through elections, empowering majorities, groups, and officials?

democratic

In a(n) ______ form of democracy (for example, the type that might be conducted through town meetings) citizens decide policy instead of depending on elected representatives.

direct

Americans have a(n) ______ view of their rights and freedoms.

expansive

Which of the following is an economic system that centers on the transactions between private parties?

free market

Under socialism as it is practiced today in Sweden and other countries, the government

guarantees its citizens a minimal standard of living.

The obstacles to critical thinking have ______ in recent decades.

increased

How would your grandparents likely have reacted to deceptive claims when they were young?

less tolerance

is the principle that individuals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe on the freedoms of others.

liberty

An elite few hold the power to govern in which of these forms of government?

oligarchy

Which concept refers to the widely shared and deep-seated beliefs of a people about their politics?

political culture

Basic to politics is ______, which is needed to influence political developments.

political power

Confirmation bias is the tendency to

reinterpret information in ways that reinforce what we already believe.

Which of these ideals encompasses the principle that the people are the ultimate source of government authority and should have a voice in their governing?

self-government

A country's political culture derives from its

traditions.

The tools of political science attempt to

sharpen students' understanding of American politics.

Compared to Americans who participated early opinion polls about public affairs, Americans today are

similarly uniformed.

Politics are necessary because

society's resources are limited. conflict in a society is inevitable. people do not all think alike.

Pluralism asserts that, on most issues, the actors who exercise the most influence over government policy are

special interest groups.

The term party polarization refers to

the situation resulting from the intense conflicts between Republicans and Democrats in recent years.

In America, majoritarianism occurs mainly

through competition between the Republican and Democratic parties