POLI 2051 Hogan LSU chap. 13, 14, 15, 16

The _____ Amendment permits congress to levy income taxes

sixteenth

Which of the following is a concern about the social security trust fund?

soon there will be too few workers contributing to the Trust Fund to support the increasing number of retirees

Which of the following is an example of monetary policy?

the federal reserve board buying government bonds

The Social Security Act was enacted in _____.

1935

______ is an act of Congress that attempts to bind Congress to a total expenditure level for all programs in a given year

A budget resolution

What is a government program called that provides benefits only to individuals who qualify based on specific needs?

A means-tested program

What distinguishes a means-tested program from a social insurance program?

A social insurance program provides benefits to those who have paid into the program, while a means-tested program provides benefits based on demonstrated need.

What is the national debt?

All of the money the federal government has borrowed and has not yet repaid

Why do Americans tend to think that red tape is more prevalent than it actually is?

Americans tend to notice the bureaucracy only when it is inefficient and not when it works well.

Only _____ court can review that decisions of a lower court

An appellate

______ regulates industries using market-like strategies such as rewards

An incentive system

Who are the three main players in an iron triangle?

Bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional subcommittees

______ is the approach to regulation in which the government tells business how to meet certain goals, makes sure these directions are followed, and punishes those who do not follow the orders.

Command-and-control policy

Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines an alternatives basis for the decision?

Concurring

In what sense is Social Security spending uncontrollable?

Congress has enacted laws that make social security payments automatic for all those who are eligible

Financially, who benefits the most from the military industrial complex?

Defense contractors

Those who believed that regulations on business and industry are too numerous and too complex are most likely to favor the policy of _____.

Deregulation

What of the following best describes the executive branch's role in the budget process before the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921?

Executive branch agencies sent budget requests to the secretary of the treasury

When it comes to strengthening the economy, Republicans are more likely than Democrats to prioritize ______.

Fighting inflation

How did the Pendleton Act reform the system of hiring and firing federal employees?

It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty

Before 1883, how were federal government jobs awarded?

Jobs were awarded based on applicants loyalty to the party in power

Proponents of which of following believes that it is appropriate for judges to make bold policy decisions when doing so is necessary to address pressing societal needs?

Judicial activism

If a judge believes that she should defer to decisions made by elected representatives whenever possible, she likely believes in which of the following?

Judicial restraint

What is the name given to the power of the courts to determine whether the actions of Congress and the executive branch are permissible under the Constitution?

Judicial review

The increase in _____ threatens the viability of the intergenerational system for funding Social Security

Life expectancy

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What is the source of money in the social security trust fund?

Payroll taxes

How might democracy distort budgeting?

Politicians spend public funds and give tax cuts to win votes

A _____ tax is one by which the government takes a greater share of the income of the rich than of the poor

Progressive

The fact that 43 percent of people filing income tax returns in 2013 paid no income tax at all is partly explained by the fact that the income tax is

Progressive

What is the goal common to both the Pendleton Act and the Hatch Act

Reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracy

A _____ tax is one in which the burden falls relatively more heavily on low-income groups than on wealthy taxpayers.

Regressive

Who represents the federal government in appeals to the Supreme Court?

Solicitor general

In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following?

Stare decisis

Which of the following limits judicial power?

Stare decisis

In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried?

State

Max Weber identified which of the following as a characteristic of bureaucracy?

Task specialization

At President Roosevelt's urging, Congress passed dozens of laws designed to end the Depression. Why did the Supreme Court initially overturn these New Deal policies?

The Court believed that federal intervention in the economy was unconstitutional

Which of the following is a government corporation?

The US Postal Services

Which of following entities is responsible for influences interest rates in the US

The federal reserve board

Who nominates judges to the US district courts?

The president

What is implementation?

The process of translating the goal and objectives of a policy into an operating ongoing program

Which of these statements best describes the possible effect of efforts by the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates?

They can spur economic growth by increasing the available money supply

How do standard operating procedures influence bureaucratic decision making?

They promote uniform application of rules

Which of the following is the role of the Budget Committees and the Congressional Budget decisions

To advise congress on consequences of its budget decisions

What is the purpose of continuing resolutions?

To allow agencies to continue to spend money even when congress has not met its budgetary timetable

If you subscribe to Keynesian economic policies you are most concerned with ______

Unemployment

Which of the following is a possible solution to the longterm problem of solvency in the social security program?

increase the minimum retirement age