poli sci 2051 summer; hogan ch 12, 14, 15

Proponents of which of the following believe that it is appropriate for judges to make bold policy decisions when doing so is necessary to address pressing societal needs?

judicial activism

If a judge believes that she should defer to the decisions made by elected representatives whenever possible, she likely believes in which of the following?

judicial restraint

What is the name given to the power of the courts to determine whether the actions of Congress and the executive branch are permissible under the Constitution?

judicial review

What does the Twenty-Second Amendment do?

limits the president's terms of office

Which presidential power is checked by required approval of the Senate with a two-thirds vote?

negotiating treaties with other nations

Which of the following is a judicial power given to the president?

nominating federal judges

How did the expectations for the vice presidency change starting with Walter Mondale?

presidents are more likely to use their Vice Presidents as close policy advisors

What is a goal common to both the Pendleton Act and the Hatch Act?

reducing the influence of partisan politics on the federal bureaucracy

Who represents the federal government in appeals to the Supreme Court?

solicitor general

Which of the following citizens would be ineligible to become president?

someone who has already been elected president twice

In court rulings, reliance on past decisions to formulate decisions in new cases is known as which of the following?

stare decisis

Which of the following limits judicial power?

stare decisis

In which courts are the vast majority of all cases tried?

state

Max Weber identified which of the following as a characteristic of bureaucracy?

task specialization

Which of the following is a government corporation?

the US Postal Service

Which of the following is a group of 15 presidential advisers that is too large, diverse, and concerned with individual fiefdoms to effectively serve as a collective board of directors, leaving ultimate decision-making authority with the president?

the cabinet

What distinguishes the contemporary presidency from the institution originally envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution?

the contemporary presidency is much more powerful

Who nominates judges to the U.S. district courts?

the president

What is implementation?

the process of translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program

Why did Congress enact the War Powers Resolution?

to limit the powers of the president in the conduct of war

Why do Americans tend to think that red tape is more prevalent than it actually is?

Americans tend to notice the bureaucracy only when it is inefficient and not when it works well.

How did the Pendleton Act reform the system of hiring and firing federal employees?

It required hiring and firing decisions to be based on merit rather than partisan loyalty.

Before 1883, how were federal government jobs awarded?

Jobs were awarded based on applicants' loyalty to the party in power.

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court first claim the right of judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

At President Roosevelt's urging, Congress passed dozens of laws designed to end the Depression. Why did the Supreme Court initially overturn these New Deal policies?

The Court believed that federal intervention in the economy was unconstitutional.

What has to happen in Congress in order for the president to be impeached and removed from office?

The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate must convict with a two-thirds majority.

Which of the following statements provides the best characterization of the members of the White House staff?

The White House staff is composed of advisers who do whatever is in the best interest of the president.

Which best describes a president's constitutional duty to Congress?

The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union.

How do standard operating procedures influence bureaucratic decision making?

They promote uniform application of rules.

Only __________ court can review the decisions of a lower court.

appellate

Many assume that presidents with high __________ are more effective leaders.

approval ratings

Who are the three main players in an iron triangle?

bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional subcommittees

__________ is the approach to regulation in which the government tells business how to meet certain goals, makes sure these directions are followed, and punishes those who do not follow the orders.

command-and-control policy

Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines an alternative basis for the decision?

concurring

Those who believe that regulations on business and industry are too numerous and too complex are most likely to favor the policy of __________.

deregulation

__________ regulates industries using market-like strategies such as rewards.

incentive system