Police Test 5-7

A controversial study by the National Center for Women in Policing (NCWP) asserts that police departments should hire more women officers because A. female officers are less likely than male officers to use excessive force. B. female officers are considerably more likely than male officers to adopt the community-oriented policing principles of the department. C. female officers by nature are more compassionate, thus reducing complaints. D. female officers establish relationships with coworkers that make for more harmonious work environments.

A. female officers are less likely than male officers to use excessive force.

_____, creator of the modern police, defined the purpose of police patrol. A. James Q. Wilson B. Robert Peel C. Patrick Murphy D. August Vollmer

B. Robert Peel

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with job satisfaction? A. the nature of the police work itself B. the opportunity to work like officers on television programs such as CSI C. relations with the community D. relations with the media

B. the opportunity to work like officers on television programs such as CSI

Which city has the highest police-population ratio? A. New York City B. Boston C. Washington, D.C. D. Miami

C. Washington, D.C.

The _____ was the first experiment testing the effectiveness of patrol that met minimum standards of scientific research. A. Illinois Patrol Effectiveness Study B. Newark Patrol Response Survey C. Texas Patrol Response Study D. Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment

D. Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment

In a police department, who are considered the "gatekeepers" of the criminal justice system? A. patrol officers B. detective officers C. crime scene investigation officers D. police constables

A. patrol officers

Who is responsible for the introduction of the 911 emergency number in 1968? A. NYPD B. MCI C. AT&T D. LAPD

C. AT&T

What percentage of police departments require a four-year college degree for appointment to the police department? A. 1 percent B. 4.8 percent C. 24.8 percent D. 34.8 percent

A. 1 percent

The 311 call system in the United States is primarily set up to A. attend to emergency situations. B. deal with less serious crimes in a neighborhood. C. enable a two-way communication between police officers from different neighborhoods. D. allow the police to call the citizens in a neighborhood to extract information about future crimes.

B. deal with less serious crimes in a neighborhood.

What is the easiest way for a patrol officer to avoid work? A. procrastinate with report writing B. delay reporting the completion of a call C. take extra lunch time D. turn off the two-way radio

B. delay reporting the completion of a call

A _____ program might involve instruction to look for specific persons or types of crimes, or to patrol certain areas intensively. A. special patrol B. directed patrol C. reactive patrol D. discovery patrol

B. directed patrol

Most police officers prefer coveted assignments because A. these assignments hardly involve any specialized crime-fighting activity. B. these assignments help police officers gain promotion to higher rank. C. these assignments result in a direct pay rise of 50 percent in their salaries. D. these assignments are less challenging than a basic patrol duty.

B. these assignments help police officers gain promotion to higher rank.

The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment found that an increase in the number of foot-patrol officers in an area had A. a positive effect on citizens' attitudes toward the police. B. a negative effect on citizens' attitudes toward the police. C. a positive effect on crime levels. D. a negative effect on crime levels.

A. a positive effect on citizens' attitudes toward the police.

Jake, a new human resource manager, alters the hiring and recruitment process of his firm when he learns that the firm was regularly denying employment to qualified female candidates. He changes the recruitment policy to rectify the past discrimination of female applicants. The new recruitment process now provides equal employment opportunity for both men and women applicants. This is an example of A. affirmative action. B. job enrichment. C. onboarding. D. topgrading.

A. affirmative action.

A reality shock for new police officers involves learning about the criminal justice system. Police officers get to see how the system works as they are A. insiders. B. prime players. C. role partners. D. part of prosecution.

A. insiders.

A result of public hostility and group solidarity is A. secrecy. B. operational silence. C. subculture. D. blind conduct.

A. secrecy.

Steve Herbert has found that officers who tried to avoid danger are called A. station queens. B. wimps. C. softies. D. semi-retired.

A. station queens.

William Westley defines reality shock as A. the experience a new police officer has in his first few weeks and months on the job. B. the experience a new police officer has when he gets his first paycheck. C. the experience a new police officer has at the police academy. D. the experience a new police officer has on the firing range.

A. the experience a new police officer has in his first few weeks and months on the job.

According to observations made by Steve Herbert, police officers who exhibit aggression, volunteer for dangerous assignments, and enjoy high-speed pursuits are called A. reciprocators. B. hard chargers. C. professionals. D. cowboys

B. hard chargers.

New police officers are generally assigned to A. undercover work because no one knows that they are officers. B. the detective bureau. C. patrol work. D. the crime lab until they get some experience.

C. patrol work.

One reason attitudes do not translate into behavior is that police officers are constrained by the bureaucratic aspects of the A. Supreme Court rulings. B. prosecutor and the current management. C. police department and the criminal justice system. D. social system in the country.

C. police department and the criminal justice system.

Which of the following is NOT a time period that occurs between the commission of a crime and the arrival of an officer on the scene? A. discovery time B. reporting time C. preprocessing time D. processing time

C. preprocessing time

In the context of employment, _____ is a concept that means an employer must take positive steps to remedy past discrimination. A. past practices correction B. affirmative action C. discrimination remedy D. employee employment justice

B. affirmative action

Divisions along racial, ethnic, and gender lines are reflected in the fact that groups will separate A. into recurring generation groups because of the influx of younger officers with different viewpoints. B. into social and fraternal associations representing African American, Hispanic, and female officers. C. because different industries cater to different groups. D. because of the different pension systems they enter into and how they may be treated under collective bargaining agreements.

B. into social and fraternal associations representing African American, Hispanic, and female officers.

Recruiting women for positions in the police force is difficult because many people view policing as A. a dishonorable line of work. B. a poorly paying career. C. a traditionally male occupation. D. a low position in society.

C. a traditionally male occupation.

_____ involves a difficult trade-off between efficiency and community relations. A. Foot patrol B. Motor patrol C. Bicycle patrol D. Community patrol

A. Foot patrol

Which of the following statements is true about the seniority system of assigning work to police officers? A. It prevents the least experienced officers from getting the most difficult assignments. B. It is mandatory in all states. C. It eliminates favoritism and discrimination. D. It is the least used system of assigning work in police departments.

C. It eliminates favoritism and discrimination.

Which of the following statements is true about traditional supervisors? A. They encourage officers to embrace new philosophies and methods of policing. B. They have a low level of task orientation. C. They are more likely to punish patrol officers. D. They hardly give instructions to their subordinates.

C. They are more likely to punish patrol officers.

According to the text, officers with an active work style A. aggressively interrogate community members. B. withhold advice from others to keep the focus on the work at hand. C. ask probing questions to understand unfolding situations. D. may resort to physical coercion to gain important information.

C. ask probing questions to understand unfolding situations.

Which of the following is a source of stress for police officers on the job? A. the police department itself B. citizen disrespect C. the threat of danger D. sexual harassment (for female officers)

B. citizen disrespect

Most police agencies today rely on _____ as one of the most common strategies used to respond to crime in hot spots, or in those areas that receive a high volume of calls for service. A. buy-and-bust stings B. directed patrol C. covert operations D. black operations

B. directed patrol

The difference between the younger, better-educated officers and the veteran officers with less education is termed A. community gap. B. education generation gap. C. cohort generation gap. D. split force view gap.

B. education generation gap.

The style of policing that emphasizes aggressive crime fighting and attempts to control officer behavior through a rule-bound, by-the-book administrative approach is called A. community-policing style. B. legalistic style. C. service style. D. watchman style.

B. legalistic style.

Differential response programs classify calls according to the A. order of calls received. B. level of seriousness of the calls. C. workload of officers. D. time of day

B. level of seriousness of the calls.

Modern police departments have instituted written policies to control high-speed pursuits. These policies fall into general categories. The _____ category limits discretion by specifying the conditions under which pursuits may be initiated. A. discouraging B. restrictive C. discretionary D. judgmental

B. restrictive

Which of the following supervisors most likely serves as a buffer between officers and management to protect their officers from criticism? A. innovative supervisors B. supportive supervisors C. traditional supervisors D. active supervisors

B. supportive supervisors

According to the text, gay and lesbian police officers challenge A. recruiting practices. B. the stereotypes involving the macho nature of police work. C. heterosexual power in the hierarchy. D. the nature of police work.

B. the stereotypes involving the macho nature of police work.

Studies of the 911 call workload give a comprehensive picture of routine police patrol work. From these studies, what percentage of all calls for service was found to involve criminal law enforcement? A. 50-60 percent B. 85-95 percent C. 5-15 percent D. 20-30 percent

D. 20-30 percent

Approximately, what percent of calls to the police are for service calls? A. 10 percent B. 30 percent C. 50 percent D. 70 percent

D. 70 percent

The emergency system of 911 was introduced by the A. Houston police department. B. Chicago police department. C. Seattle police department. D. American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

D. American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

The inefficiency of foot patrol coverage is offset by anticipated gains in what area? A. reduction of crime rate B. cost-saving measures C. quick response time D. police-community relations

D. police-community relations

Civil rights leaders have urged police departments to hire more African American and Hispanic officers as a way to improve A. race relations. B. the representation of minorities in police departments. C. crime prevention efforts. D. police-community relations.

D. police-community relations.

In the context of patrol work, the interval between a call and the dispatch of a patrol car is called the A. response time. B. arrival time. C. appearance time. D. processing time.

D. processing time.

The first scientific experiment testing the effectiveness of patrol was A. the Manhattan Project. B. the Dade County, Florida Patrol Experiment. C. the Chicago Patrol Experiment. D. the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

D. the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment.

To staff a single patrol beat officer around the clock, seven days a week, requires _____ officer(s). A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5

D. 5

When an officer stops or questions people, frisks suspicious citizens, and makes informal contacts with law-abiding citizens, it is called A. officer-initiated activity. B. over-enforcement. C. zealous enforcement. D. rate busting.

A. officer-initiated activity.

What do most 911 calls involve? A. order maintenance or service calls B. criminal law enforcement C. hang-ups/pranks D. None of the answers is correct.

A. order maintenance or service calls

Which of the following is generally considered the least desirable assignment? A. patrol duty B. detective work C. crime scene investigation D. covert operation

A. patrol duty

What area is considered the "nerve center" of the modern police department? A. the communications center B. the field of operations C. the patrol station D. police headquarters

A. the communications center

Veronica says that it is difficult for female employees in her organization to get into higher ranks because high-ranking positions are predominantly reserved for male employees. Which of the following statements is most likely true about the scenario? A. The organization is engaged in the practice of redlining. B. The organization has a glass ceiling for female employees. C. The organization is most likely practicing nepotism. D. The organization has more number of male employees than female employees.

B. The organization has a glass ceiling for female employees.

The recommended number of officers for a sergeant to supervise is A. about 4. B. about 8. C. about 12. D. about 16.

B. about 8.

In the context of deadly force, research has shown that white and African American officers fired their weapons A. at different rates because of their perceptions of force. B. at the same rates. C. at a higher frequency at the other race. D. at higher rates when they worked alone.

B. at the same rates.

Most police patrol in the United States today involves A. foot patrol. B. automobile patrol. C. bicycle patrol. D. motorcycle patrol.

B. automobile patrol.

What percentage of Americans ages 18 to 25 report ever having used marijuana? A. 37 percent B. 40 percent C. 53 percent D. 60 percent

C. 53 percent

The total response time between the commission of a crime and the moment a police officer arrives at the scene of the crime includes four separate parts. Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts? A. reporting time B. processing time C. detainment time D. travel time

C. detainment time

Concerning shift assignment of patrol officers, a PERF report concluded that A. in order for officers to know every district in town, officers should rotate districts once every three months. B. in order to be fair to other officers, patrol officers should rotate shifts once every three months. C. frequent changes in shifts are deleterious to the physical and psychological health of an officer. D. shift work has no effect on officers' health and job performance.

C. frequent changes in shifts are deleterious to the physical and psychological health of an officer.

The _____ of policing is generally found in suburban police departments where there is relatively little crime. A. community-policing style B. legalistic style C. service style D. watchman style

C. service style

Which area of police patrol did the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment test? A. the effectiveness of community programs B. the effectiveness of patrol activities C. the level of police patrol D. the response time of police patrol

C. the level of police patrol

Which organizational style emphasizes peacekeeping, without aggressive law enforcement and with few controls over rank-and-file officers? A. the legalistic style B. the militant style C. the watchman style D. None of the answers is correct.

C. the watchman style

The length of time it takes patrol officers to reach the scene of crime is called the A. response time. B. arrival time. C. travel time. D. answer time.

C. travel time.

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment found that A. a 40 percent increase in patrol cars resulted in a 20 percent decrease in crime. B. people felt safer when they saw more police cars on the street. C. variations in the level of patrol had no significant impact on crime. D. people noticed a reduction in police cars and crime increased.

C. variations in the level of patrol had no significant impact on crime.

It has been demonstrated that gay and lesbian police officers A. have fewer complaints against them than other officers. B. are better educated than other officers. C. make fewer arrests than other officers. D. None of the answers is correct.

D. None of the answers is correct.

Concerning the issue of one- versus two-officer patrol cars, the Police Foundation found that A. one-officer patrol cars had many more officers assaulted. B. two-officer patrol cars had fewer complaints against them by the public. C. two-officer patrol cars had fewer officers killed than one-officer cars. D. one-officer cars were assaulted less often and encountered fewer resisting-arrest situations.

D. one-officer cars were assaulted less often and encountered fewer resisting-arrest situations.

Job requirements that are "reasonably necessary" to the normal operation of that particular business are called A. bona fide occupational qualifications. B. pre-employment guidelines. C. labor occupational qualifications. D. job requirement qualifications.

A. bona fide occupational qualifications.

What criticisms of 911-driven policing do advocates of community policing and problem-oriented policing make? A. 911 policing is reactive and limited to isolated incidents. B. 911 policing is proactive and problem-oriented. C. 911 policing works closely with community residents. D. 911 policing focuses on underlying problems.

A. 911 policing is reactive and limited to isolated incidents.

Patrol beat 144, which had one of the highest homicide rates in the United States in 1991, was in which city? A. Kansas City B. Chicago C. Los Angeles D. Denver

A. Kansas City

What was one of the findings of the 1973 Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment? A. Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime. B. Citizens noticed the different levels of police patrol. C. More patrol presence reduced crime. D. Routine patrol has no effect on crime.

A. Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime.

Which of the following statements is true about the probationary period of police officers? A. Police officers can be dismissed without cause during their probationary period. B. An average of about 47 percent of all recruits are rejected during their probationary period in the United States. C. In the United States, police officers must complete their probationary period of six months to qualify for preservice training. D. The probationary period of police officers is primarily determined by the revenue earned by their police departments.

A. Police officers can be dismissed without cause during their probationary period.

Officers hired in one decade often have ideas and lifestyles different from those of officers hired in another decade. This phenomenon that generates conflicts within police departments is known as the A. cohort effect. B. generation effect. C. rookie effect. D. fraternal effect.

A. cohort effect.

Many people are attracted to a career in policing for A. job security. B. the potential for exciting work, particularly crime-fighting tasks. C. professional status and opportunities for career advancement. D. a secure pension and medical insurance.

A. job security.

The amount of time it takes for a police car to arrive at your house after you have called the police is called A. response time. B. arrival time. C. appearance time. D. answer time.

A. response time.

What is the reverse 911 call service? A. a system that allows 911 to return a call to someone who has hung up B. a system that allows police to call citizens in a particular neighborhood with important information C. a system that allows dispatchers to call a crime victims' family for assistance D. a system that allows patrol supervisors to monitor emergency calls

B. a system that allows police to call citizens in a particular neighborhood with important information

What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as termed by criminologists? A. People do not commit as many crimes in highly patrolled areas. B. Many arrests lead to a lower crime index in a given area. C. Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area. D. None of the answers is correct.

C. Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area.

Which of the following statements is true about foot patrol? A. It is the most common type of police patrol in the United States. B. It provides more efficient coverage than automobile patrol. C. It is the most desirable assignment for police officers. D. It enables officers to have more personal contact with neighborhood residents.

D. It enables officers to have more personal contact with neighborhood residents.

According to the textbook, the most controversial issue in police employment is A. use of force. B. drug testing. C. polygraph testing. D. affirmative action.

D. affirmative action.

According to Steve Herbert, station queens are those A. who are typically involved in coveted assignments. B. who primarily adopt an aggressive style of policing. C. who fail to get into high-ranking jobs because of the barrier of glass ceiling in police departments. D. who show little interest in initiating policing activities.

D. who show little interest in initiating policing activities.

The interval between discovery of a crime and when a citizen calls the police is known as A. reporting time. B. work time. C. scene time. D. processing time.

A. reporting time.

The rude awakening that a new police officer encounters about the unpleasant aspects of dealing with the public, the criminal justice system, and the police department is referred to as A. job stress. B. reality shock. C. rookie syndrome. D. culture surprise.

B. reality shock.

In the context of policing, which of the following statements is true about in-service training? A. It is the least effective training tool in communicating new state legislations or court decisions to experienced police officers. B. It is designed to provide a refresher to experienced officers on basic issues such as the use-of-force policy in a police department. C. It is usually given to new recruits before they join their police departments. D. It is primarily used to weed out new recruits who underperform during their probationary period.

B. It is designed to provide a refresher to experienced officers on basic issues such as the use-of-force policy in a police department.

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act makes it unlawful for an employer to make hiring decisions on the basis of A. a person's previous employment. B. an individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. C. an individual's educational activities while at an organization. D. a person's sexual orientation.

B. an individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Investigations of applicants that cover previous employment, possible criminal records, and behavior problems in school are called A. preliminary investigations. B. background investigations. C. work investigations. D. criminal investigations.

B. background investigations.

To supplement classroom academy training, most departments operate practical field experience programs with senior officers. These are called FTO programs, which stands for A. forward training officer. B. field training officer. C. future trainee officer. D. field trainee officer.

B. field training officer.

In most police departments, shift assignments are A. based on the performance of police officers in field training. B. governed by union contract provisions that use a seniority system. C. based on the residency requirements of police officers. D. determined by the educational qualification of police officers.

B. governed by union contract provisions that use a seniority system.

The close bond an officer achieves in working together with other officers, experiencing public hostility, and other uncertainties fosters a strong sense of A. work silence. B. group solidarity. C. operation cohesion. D. close-knit work.

B. group solidarity.

A problem with decertification of police officers is that A. it cannot be applied to police officers who are undertaking an in-service training. B. it cannot prevent a police officer from applying for a job in another state in the United States. C. it cannot be applied to beat officers and rank-and-file officers. D. it applies only to ten states in the United States.

B. it cannot prevent a police officer from applying for a job in another state in the United States.

________ style of policing emphasizes aggressive crime fighting and attempts to control officer behavior through a rule-bound, by-the-book administrative approach. A. watchman B. legalistic C. service D. community-oriented

B. legalistic

Herbert Packer defines the tension between the demand for results and the rule of law as a conflict between A. good and evil. B. social control and chaos. C. "crime control" values and "due process" values. D. democracy and fascism.

C. "crime control" values and "due process" values.

Raphael is a new police officer. He shows no interest in conducting field interrogations or making traffic stops or searches. He responds to calls only when there is an emergency or when there is a dispatch. Which of the following statements is most likely true about Raphael? A. He is most likely to be called a hard charger by his colleagues. B. He receives no cooperation from other police officers in his department. C. He has a passive style of policing. D. He is a high-ranking officer in his department.

C. He has a passive style of policing.

Oral interviews of applicants are a good opportunity to assess A. the writing skills of the applicants. B. the mental health of the applicants. C. attitudes that are incompatible with good police work. D. None of the answers is correct.

C. attitudes that are incompatible with good police work.

The area of patrol that receives a disproportionate number of calls for police service and/or has a very high crime rate is known as a A. high-crime area. B. priority area. C. hot spot. D. force focus.

C. hot spot.

In many departments, a certain level of tension and conflict exists between racial, ethnic, and gender groups. Officers believed they were being discriminated against because A. they spoke out on behalf of their group and were identified by the management as troublemakers. B. of the different compensation packages received among the groups. C. promotions and preferred assignments were perceived to be going to minorities who were less qualified. D. none of the groups were allowed to work together for fear they would compare notes and become upset with the management.

C. promotions and preferred assignments were perceived to be going to minorities who were less qualified.

Studies of the 911 workload indicate that only 20 to 30 percent of all calls involve criminal law enforcement. Most calls are actually A. information calls. B. drug violation calls. C. service calls. D. domestic calls.

C. service calls.

Opponents of affirmative action argue that it lowers personnel standards by forcing an employer to hire applicants A. with a distinct minority status. B. who have strong family ties to the police department. C. with lower qualifications. D. who have a higher IQ than other applicants.

C. with lower qualifications.

Which of the following statements is true about affirmative action? A. It automatically involves the use of racial, ethnic, and gender quotas in hiring applicants. B. It predominantly results in the discrimination against people who are financially poor. C. It has to be ordered by the Supreme Court to be implemented. D. It involves developing a recruitment plan to correct any underutilization of minorities in organizations.

D. It involves developing a recruitment plan to correct any underutilization of minorities in organizations.

_____ is defined as unwanted sexual advances; offensive, sexually related behavior such as suggesting a sexual affair or commenting on a female officer's body; or discrimination in assignments or promotion. A. Preferential treatment B. Employee harassment C. Hostile work environment D. Sexual harassment

D. Sexual harassment

Which of the following statements is true about police officers who use an active style of policing? A. They make fewer arrests than passive police officers. B. They are colloquially known as station queens. C. They initiate few contacts with citizens. D. They assert control of situations with citizens.

D. They assert control of situations with citizens.

Which of the following is a feature of innovative supervisors? A. They desire absolute control over their patrol officers. B. They are less likely to reward and more likely to punish beat officers. C. They hold negative views of their subordinates. D. They have a low level of task orientation.

D. They have a low level of task orientation.

The legislation that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or sex is known as A. Miranda v. Arizona. B. Equal Employment Opportunity. C. Labor Relations Act. D. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

D. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

The most important part of the employment selection process is the A. fitness test. B. written test. C. oral interview. D. background investigation of applicants.

D. background investigation of applicants.

To become a police officer in the United States, most law enforcement agencies today require an applicant to A. have a doctorate in social sciences. B. be at least 6 feet tall. C. have served in the U.S. military for two years or more. D. be at least 21 years old.

D. be at least 21 years old.

The conduct that involves not testifying against other officers accused of misconduct is known as A. patrol silence. B. police accountability. C. rat breaking. D. code of silence.

D. code of silence.

The opportunity for a police officer to move to other departments with the same or higher rank is A. the normal way to get promoted. B. accepted in most police departments. C. somewhat limited. D. extremely limited.

D. extremely limited.

To gain practical experience under the supervision of veteran police officers, a newly trained police recruit works with a A. veteran training officer (VTO). B. patrol training officer (PTO). C. first training officer (FTO). D. field training officer (FTO).

D. field training officer (FTO).

Virtually every police department today requires applicants to have a _____ to be hired. A. four-year college degree B. two-year college degree C. some college education D. high school diploma

D. high school diploma

Much of the changes in officer attitudes are partly the result of encountering A. social changes. B. family breakdowns. C. department problems. D. hostility from citizens.

D. hostility from citizens.

A field training officer is one who A. is receiving training at the police academy. B. is teaching at the police academy. C. is a new officer receiving training in the field. D. is a police officer who teaches new police officers in the field.

D. is a police officer who teaches new police officers in the field.

New York City police officer Michael Dowd, one of the most brutal and corrupt officers on the force, received A. very critical performance evaluations. B. critical performance evaluations. C. fair performance evaluations. D. outstanding performance evaluations.

D. outstanding performance evaluations.

The "watchman" style of policing emphasizes A. the provision of services. B. limited use of discretion. C. order maintenance and crime control. D. peacekeeping without aggressive law enforcement.

D. peacekeeping without aggressive law enforcement.

The Christopher Commission reported that the culture of the LAPD A. emphasizes overly aggressive policing. B. emphasizes the mission to protect and to serve. C. emphasizes community policing. D. emphasizes the dignity of each human being.

A. emphasizes overly aggressive policing.

William Westley asked officers if they would report a fellow officer who took money from a citizen. A total of _____ said they would not. A. 43 percent B. 53 percent C. 63 percent D. 73 percent

D. 73 percent

A study of Washington, D.C. police officers found that _____ were satisfied with their jobs. A. 42 percent B. 52 percent C. 62 percent D. 82 percent

D. 82 percent

What percentage of Los Angeles police officers live outside the city of Los Angeles? A. 13 percent B. 23 percent C. 33 percent D. 83 percent

D. 83 percent

The basic premise of affirmative action is that simply ending discrimination does not automatically correct for A. the legacy of past discrimination. B. the hiring irregularities that must be addressed by the EEOC. C. the BFOQs that must be enforced by an employer. D. the sexual discrimination that still occurs in the workplace.

A. the legacy of past discrimination.

Surveys of recruits and new police officers consistently indicate they choose law enforcement as a career for two main reasons namely A. the nature of the work and the material benefits of the job. B. helping the community and assisting the residents. C. promoting their image and gaining the public's respect. D. to obtain gainful employment and to reestablish financial credit.

A. the nature of the work and the material benefits of the job.

The appeal of jobs in a police department often depends on A. the state of the economy. B. the breadth and depth of background investigations. C. whether or not the department conducts drug testing. D. whether or not the department conducts polygraph examinations.

A. the state of the economy.

Police officers oppose lateral entry primarily because A. they resent the idea of outsiders getting jobs that are available in their departments. B. they believe that police officers from other departments have inadequate academy training. C. lateral entry is an expensive method of recruiting new police officers. D. police officers from other departments lack field training.

A. they resent the idea of outsiders getting jobs that are available in their departments.

If the criminal justice system is working properly, it is difficult for officers A. to act solely on the basis of their personal prejudices. B. to act in a discriminatory manner against minorities. C. to view themselves other than as objective enforcers of the law. D. to act in a proper manner with any person of color.

A. to act solely on the basis of their personal prejudices.

The purpose of the probationary period is to A. observe the relation of academy training to on-the-job training. B. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory. C. observe the interactions between new recruits and the police subculture. D. observe how police probationary officers assimilate into the community.

B. observe performance and dismiss those whose performance is unsatisfactory.

A positive or negative belief that strongly influences the public image of the identity, beliefs, and actions of the police is called a(n) A. belief system. B. stereotype. C. value system. D. ethics layers.

B. stereotype.

The civil service system is A. used by the government to hire police officers and other government employees. B. used to train police recruits at the police academy. C. used in determining who gets to attend college classes in policing. D. used to determine who gets arrested and who does not.

B. used to train police recruits at the police academy.

The _____ compares a police department's workforce with the racial and ethnic composition of the community it serves. A. national decertification index B. labor community index C. equal employment opportunity index D. police-community representation bar

C. equal employment opportunity index

Psychological testing of potential police trainees A. has an 87 percent success rate in predicting future success. B. has a low degree of success in predicting future success. C. has become so successful that it can predict the future highest rank a trainee will achieve in her or his career. D. often causes significant psychological stress to the test takers.

C. has become so successful that it can predict the future highest rank a trainee will achieve in her or his career.

In the context of hiring police officers, residency requirements for police officers are primarily intended to A. allow police officers the freedom to reside where they already live. B. increase the number of beat officers available in a particular community. C. heighten officers' familiarity with the community and their commitment to its well-being. D. maintain an equal number of police officers in the urban and the rural regions of a state.

C. heighten officers' familiarity with the community and their commitment to its well-being.

The employment of racial and ethnic minority police officers has A. decreased in recent years. B. remained about the same in recent years. C. increased significantly in recent years. D. is no longer a problem since we have achieved equality.

C. increased significantly in recent years.

Requiring all applicants to have a four-year college degree is opposed by some people because A. it would cost too much. B. a college education is not necessary to be a street officer. C. it would reduce the number of minorities qualified to be on the force. D. it would deter women from applying for the position of police officer.

C. it would reduce the number of minorities qualified to be on the force.

The protection provided by civil service rules and police unions that makes firing an officer difficult is called A. motivation. B. job barrier. C. job security. D. tenure.

C. job security.

William Westley's research shows two aspects of police subculture: on the one hand, it highlights an attitude of secrecy toward outsiders studying the department, and on the other hand, it highlights the fact that A. secrecy leads to flawed research outcomes. B. officers secretly withhold help from each other. C. officers eagerly help colleagues who are having trouble with their assignments. D. secrecy leads to continued racism within the department.

C. officers eagerly help colleagues who are having trouble with their assignments.

Jerome Skolnick argues that policing involves a conflict between the demands of law on the one hand and the demands of _____ on the other. A. civil rights B. diversity in hiring C. order D. accurate paperwork

C. order

The most useful measure of employment practices is the extent to which a police department A. is able to pay and retain all of its police applicants through the first two years of employment. B. is able to hire qualified police applicants and reduce its liability to the city. C. reflects the composition of the community it serves. D. is able to allow its rejected applicants to appeal to the civil service commission.

C. reflects the composition of the community it serves.

In his study of police officers, John McNamara found that A. patrol officers believe they receive substantial cooperation from the public. B. patrol officers believe they receive no cooperation from the public. C. when patrol officers first get on the job, they believe the public to be cooperative, but that belief decreases after two years. D. when patrol officers first get on the job, they believe the public does not cooperate with the police, but that changes after two years.

C. when patrol officers first get on the job, they believe the public to be cooperative, but that belief decreases after two years.

Most police departments offer incentive pay for A. college education. B. hazardous duty. C. shift differential. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Performance evaluations suffer from a number of problems. The more significant of these problems include A. the fact that definitions are not clear. B. the halo effect. C. the central tendency phenomenon. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following functions does the police academy experience serve? A. It provides basic training on various laws. B. It is the process for weeding out unqualified recruits. C. It socializes recruits into the world of policing. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is true about the service style of policing? A. It uses an aggressive crime-fighting method for policing neighborhoods. B. It is found in areas where crime rates are very high. C. It is least likely to be found in suburban police departments. D. It emphasizes responsiveness to community expectations.

D. It emphasizes responsiveness to community expectations.

Which of the following statements is true about preservice police academy training? A. It is typically given to police officers who outperform other officers in field training. B. It is most useful in helping experienced police officers refresh their knowledge about concepts they learned during their probationary period. C. It is usually given after recruits complete their probationary period. D. It helps police officers learn about the basic arrest and booking procedures in their department.

D. It helps police officers learn about the basic arrest and booking procedures in their department.

Which of the following statements is true about active supervisors? A. They protect their subordinates from criticism and discipline. B. They take a relatively negative view of their subordinates. C. They focus solely on creating a training plan for all new recruits in a police department. D. They like to be heavily involved in the field alongside subordinates while controlling patrol officer behavior.

D. They like to be heavily involved in the field alongside subordinates while controlling patrol officer behavior.

Jerome Skolnick argues that an important factor in the development of police subcultures is A. actual danger. B. imagined danger. C. previous experiences of danger. D. potential danger.

D. potential danger.

The size and quality of the applicant pool in a police department depend on the department's A. recruitment budget. B. reaction to the economy. C. ability to secure federal funding. D. recruitment effort.

D. recruitment effort.

Official data on citizen complaints in New York City indicate that _____ police officers receive complaints in proportion to their presence in a police department. A. white B. African American C. Hispanic D. white, African American, and Hispanic

D. white, African American, and Hispanic