Police Test 8-10

Nationally, only about _____ of all reported index crimes are cleared. A. 20 percent B. 33 percent C. 40 percent D. 59 percent

A. 20 percent

How many agencies is the Department of Homeland Security responsible for coordinating? A. 22 B. 53 C. 104 D. 35

A. 22

On an average evening, what percentage of all drivers are driving intoxicated? A. 5 percent B. 10 percent C. 25 percent D. 20 percent

A. 5 percent

Which of the following best characterizes the typical police response to homeless people? A. A strategy that places primary emphasis on addressing complainant concerns rather than proactively working on behalf of the homeless. B. A tactic that proactively removes the homeless from the community by providing one-way bus tickets to elsewhere. C. A strategy that places primary emphasis on proactive community service. D. A tactic of corralling the homeless into tents set up on public property.

A. A strategy that places primary emphasis on addressing complainant concerns rather than proactively working on behalf of the homeless.

Which of the following was the most significant change made by the FBI in the wake of the 9/11 attacks? A. It created an Intelligence Branch. B. It shifted its intelligence gathering responsibilities to the Department of Homeland Security. C. It pushed Congress to legalize racial profiling. D. It merged with the CIA to better coordinate domestic and foreign intelligence gathering.

A. It created an Intelligence Branch.

The article "Broken Windows" was written by A. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. B. Shaw and McKay. C. O. W. Wilson. D. August Vollmer.

A. James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.

Many police departments coordinate youth-oriented programs as part of their prevention efforts. Which of the following is NOT an example of such programs? A. SSO programs B. wilderness clubs C. midnight basketball D. explorer and mentoring programs

A. SSO programs

What was the outcome of Bruno v. Codd in 1978? A. The police agreed to adopt a written policy mandating arrests in cases of felonious assaults. B. The police agreed to mandatory arrests in all domestic disputes. C. The police agreed to provide referral services in domestic disturbances. D. The police agreed to place higher value on mediation.

A. The police agreed to adopt a written policy mandating arrests in cases of felonious assaults.

Which of the following statements is true about bar girls? A. They work out of entertainment establishments with the cooperation of management. B. They are least likely to be found near military bases. C. They are hookers who represent the upper end of the economic scale of prostitution. D. They are less visible to the public and police than call girls.

A. They work out of entertainment establishments with the cooperation of management.

Traditional juvenile units have several responsibilities. Which of the following is NOT one of these responsibilities? A. arresting negligent guardians of delinquents B. investigating reports of juvenile crime C. preparing cases for court D. appearing in court

A. arresting negligent guardians of delinquents

What is the name for the prostitute who represents the upper end of the economic scale of prostitution? A. call girl B. skeezer C. brothel prostitute D. b-girl

A. call girl

According to James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, the broken windows hypothesis highlights that no one A. cares about the appearance of the property. B. will cooperate with police about crime. C. believes crime prevention methods will work. D. has respect for police efforts toward protecting property.

A. cares about the appearance of the property.

According to the text, of the 230 people who have been exonerated because of DNA testing, over 75% involved A. cases of mistaken identity. B. proved paternity claims. C. the discovery of inherited traits. D. the identification of a gene for criminality.

A. cases of mistaken identity.

What is a workable caseload? A. cases which have sufficient leads B. all cases assigned to an officer C. cases actually worked by a detective D. cases carrying a high degree of seriousness

A. cases which have sufficient leads

The heart of the CAPS program is A. citizen interaction with the police. B. a neighborhood watch program. C. police officers living within the community they serve. D. increasing neighborhood patrol.

A. citizen interaction with the police.

The process where the police and the public come together in the form of community meetings is known as A. consultation. B. community partnership. C. primary meetings. D. neighborhood watch.

A. consultation.

John C. Meyer identified four specific expectations people have of the police when they call for help in noncrime situations. What is the name of the expectation in which an individual calls the police about another person in order to divert attention away from his or her own behavior? A. counterpunching B. obtaining emergency services C. relief from unpleasant situations D. maintaining a social boundary

A. counterpunching

The rate of alcohol-related traffic fatalities (based on the number of licensed vehicles and/or drivers) has A. declined steadily since the 1920s. B. declined during the 1990s but has risen for the last six years. C. increased to an all-time high in 2005. D. increased for the last 20 years.

A. declined steadily since the 1920s.

The D.A.R.E. program is an example of a _____ for controlling drugs. A. demand reduction strategy B. reduction through education strategy C. reduction through treatment strategy D. supply reduction strategy

A. demand reduction strategy

What differentiates problem-oriented policing from community policing is the A. emphasis on the end product of policing. B. means by which policing is done. C. different categories used to classify crimes. D. response to all incidents.

A. emphasis on the end product of policing.

Zero-tolerance policing is characterized by its A. focus on place-specific interventions. B. emphasis on detailed analysis of problems. C. emphasis on preventing crime. D. focus on violent crimes.

A. focus on place-specific interventions.

The one major failure of the CAPS program was the A. inability to include certain segments of the community. B. inability to establish a citywide reorientation of policing. C. the failure of officers to change the way they went about their jobs. D. lack of reduction in citizens' fear of crime due to planned closing of some precinct station houses.

A. inability to include certain segments of the community.

Robbery has low clearance rates because A. it is usually committed by a stranger, affecting the identification of suspects. B. it is a low-solvability crime. C. it is reported by individuals who have low incomes or reside in poor neighborhoods. D. it is not a violent crime.

A. it is usually committed by a stranger, affecting the identification of suspects.

Which of the following is NOT an example of the roles police play in community-based crime prevention programs? A. making arrests B. reducing truancy C. improving the physical appearance of a neighborhood D. eradicating centers of drug activity

A. making arrests

With few community resources, police officers maybe inclined to arrest a mentally ill person for a misdemeanor. This practice is called A. mercy booking. B. temporary disposition. C. psychiatric commitment. D. provisional removal.

A. mercy booking.

Programs such as Neighborhood Watch, Operation ID, and Crime Stoppers are all a form of _____ strategy. A. mobilization B. disorder prevention C. consultation D. crime analysis

A. mobilization

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most commonly discussed targets of community policing reform? A. neighborhood deterioration B. community partnerships C. organizational change D. problem solving

A. neighborhood deterioration

When people use the police for missing children, medicals crises, suicide attempts, or being locked out of their car, this activity is called A. obtaining an emergency service. B. counterpunching. C. maintaining a social boundary. D. relieving an unpleasant situation.

A. obtaining an emergency service.

The basic process in investigating a crime occurs in two stages: the _____ and the follow-up investigation. A. preliminary investigation B. discretionary investigation C. concluding investigation D. grand jury investigation

A. preliminary investigation

The Police Executive Research Forum divides follow-up investigations into three categories. Which of the following is NOT one of these categories? A. primary activities B. routine activities C. secondary activities D. tertiary activities

A. primary activities

Four different tactics comprise the traditional supply reduction strategy in combating illegal drug trafficking and use. Which of the following is NOT one of these four tactics? A. reducing demand for drugs on the part of potential users B. buy-and-busts C. long-term undercover work D. disrupting the drug syndicate by trading up

A. reducing demand for drugs on the part of potential users

According to John Eck and William Spelman, when a police department brainstorms possible interventions to solve a specific problem, it is most likely in the _____ stage of the problem-solving process. A. response B. scanning C. analysis D. implementation

A. response

Eck and Maguire maintain that there are three organizational changes that agencies need to make in order to successfully implement community policing. Which of the following is NOT one of the three changes? A. response time B. organizational structure C. management D. organizational culture

A. response time

According to John Eck and William Spelman, the ability to identify problems represents the _____ stage of the problem-solving process. A. scanning B. analysis C. response D. assessment

A. scanning

What is the name for the type of prostitute who emerged in the 1980s with the introduction of crack cocaine? A. skeezer B. b-girl C. streetwalker D. call girl

A. skeezer

The _____ type of prostitute is known as a hustler or hooker. A. streetwalker B. bar girl C. brothel prostitute D. call girl

A. streetwalker

A Rand Corporation report indicated that detective work is A. superficial, routine, and nonproductive. B. exciting and interesting. C. exciting but very demanding. D. the best place for officers to start their career.

A. superficial, routine, and nonproductive.

Which model holds that effective responses to noncrime calls can help the police establish greater credibility with the public? A. the community cooperation model B. the police knowledge model C. the crime prophylactic model D. the social work model

A. the community cooperation model

A person is said to be legally arrested when A. the person is in custody and is deprived of his or her liberty by legal authority. B. the person believes he or she is not free to go. C. an official arrest report is completed. D. a warrant is issued in his or her name.

A. the person is in custody and is deprived of his or her liberty by legal authority.

Under community policing A. the police and the public are coproducers of crime control. B. the police are responsible for crime control and the public has little responsibility. C. the police take care of the community so that the public can pursue other ventures. D. the police inform the public that it is the public's responsibility to control crime.

A. the police and the public are coproducers of crime control.

Which of the following supply reduction strategies is a police officer deploying when he or she arrests low-level drug dealers and offers them leniency in return for information about higher-level drug dealers? A. trading up B. buy-and-bust C. double tap D. carding

A. trading up

A PERF study of burglary and robbery investigations found that about 25 percent of all burglary cases receive slightly less than _____ of investigative work. A. two hours B. four hours C. six hours D. eight hours

A. two hours

What is one of the major questions surrounding community policing? A. whether it is a realistic strategy for the poorest and most crime-ravaged neighborhoods B. whether it undermines police authority C. whether it has any long-term benefits D. whether it can increase citizen satisfaction with police efforts

A. whether it is a realistic strategy for the poorest and most crime-ravaged neighborhoods

Zero-tolerance policing differs from problem-oriented policing in that A. zero tolerance doesn't attempt to analyze the cause of problems. B. zero tolerance attempts to focus on crime prevention. C. zero tolerance requires police to make fundamental changes in police culture. D. zero tolerance does not address hot spots.

A. zero tolerance doesn't attempt to analyze the cause of problems.

Prostitution is a common problem in many communities. It is estimated that there are about 250,000 prostitutes in the nation. What is their weekly clientele base? A. 3 billion B. 1.5 million C. 700,000 D. 1.5 billion

B. 1.5 million

According to Lichtenburg and Smith, what percentage of police fatalities have occurred during routine traffic stops since 1988? A. 2 percent B. 13 percent C. 25 percent D. 60 percent

B. 13 percent

The second largest police department in the country is in A. New York. B. Chicago. C. Los Angeles. D. Houston.

B. Chicago.

Which of the following terrorist organizations opposes deforestation, SUVs, and globalization? A. American Values Army B. Earth Liberation Front C. Army of God D. Ku Klux Klan

B. Earth Liberation Front

Who is the author of the book Policing a Free Society? A. James Q. Wilson B. Herman Goldstein C. O. W. Wilson D. August Vollmer E. Frank Schmalleger

B. Herman Goldstein

Which of the following statements is true about problem-oriented policing? A. It treats every incident as an isolated incident. B. It is effective when power is decentralized within a police department. C. It focuses on identifying the various methods of fighting crime rather than the end product of policing. D. It excludes focused deterrence strategies that emphasize police attention on a small number of offenders in a community.

B. It is effective when power is decentralized within a police department.

The study that sought to determine the deterrent effect of arrest, mediation, and separation in misdemeanor domestic violence was the A. Kansas City Domestic Experiment. B. Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment. C. Partners Domestic Disturbance Study. D. Household Violence Study.

B. Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment.

In 2001, President George W. Bush established an innovative gun violence reduction program. What is the program's name? A. No Child Left Behind B. Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN) C. Operation Firearm Safety D. Project Disarmament

B. Project Safe Neighborhood (PSN)

Which of the following statements is true about brothel prostitutes? A. They usually trade sex for crack cocaine. B. They typically work in large establishments owned by a single person or groups of individuals. C. They are easier to apprehend than streetwalkers. D. They are more visible to the public and the police than other types of prostitutes.

B. They typically work in large establishments owned by a single person or groups of individuals.

Concerning Neighborhood Watch programs, studies find they are typically more active and have a closer working relationship with the police in A. low-income inner city areas. B. affluent suburban areas with little crime. C. rural areas with low population growth. D. inner-city areas showing signs of neighborhood decay.

B. affluent suburban areas with little crime.

Hate crimes are not separate and distinct crimes but are offenses that are motivated by A. a social breakdown. B. an offender's bias. C. racial opportunity. D. antireligious views.

B. an offender's bias.

According to John Eck and William Spelman, the ability to collect information about the problem in an attempt to identify its scope, nature, and cause represents the _____ stage of the problem-solving process. A. scanning B. analysis C. response D. assessment

B. analysis

Zero-tolerance policing has been heavily criticized for encouraging officers to A. be overly lenient. B. be overly aggressive. C. increase their arrests. D. decrease their arrests.

B. be overly aggressive.

The traditional measure of success in criminal investigation is called the A. reliably known. B. clearance rate. C. UCR rate. D. conviction rate.

B. clearance rate.

Vincent plays loud music at night. His neighbors are annoyed with Vincent's behavior and threaten to call the police. Before his neighbors can call the police and complain about his behavior, Vincent calls the police and complains about the rude behavior of his neighbors. On being questioned about the details of the issue, Vincent tries to divert attention from his own behavior by talking about the rude behavior of his neighbors. This is an example of A. swatting. B. counterpunching. C. a reverse 911 call. D. mercy booking.

B. counterpunching.

The assignment considered by most officers as "high status" is that of a A. sergeant. B. detective. C. beat officer. D. gang task force officer.

B. detective.

By the end of the 1980s, _____ represented the most serious problem facing the police, the criminal justice system, and American society as a whole. A. gambling B. drugs C. drunk driving D. gangs

B. drugs

The goal of consistently assigning officers to a particular neighborhood is to A. make citizens responsive to police presence. B. foster a sense of responsibility. C. acquire patrol beat experience. D. give them the skills to know a neighborhood.

B. foster a sense of responsibility.

According to J. Mitchell Miller, _____ were those individuals who agreed to be informants because of the stress associated with their arrest. A. mercenary informants B. hammered informants C. vengeful informants D. police buffs

B. hammered informants

Which of the following detective units has the smallest workloads? A. vice units B. homicide units C. property crime units D. narcotics units

B. homicide units

Which group of people report domestic violence most frequently? A. gays and lesbians B. low-income people C. drug users D. high-income people

B. low-income people

Police officers exercise great discretion in handling domestic disturbances. What is the most common response in handling these disturbances? A. arrest B. mediation C. separating the parties D. referral to a third party

B. mediation

Much of police work involves order maintenance. Which is NOT an example of order maintenance? A. domestic disputes B. narcotics crackdowns C. medical emergencies D. public nuisance calls

B. narcotics crackdowns

Ideally, community policing seeks to change the basic ways in which most Americans, including the police, view A. the importance of crime prevention. B. police functions and priorities. C. the pervasive problem of vice crimes. D. police organization and administration.

B. police functions and priorities.

When the police and community work together to identify causes of neighborhood decay, the cooperative effort is known as A. alternative police strategy. B. problem solving. C. reduction in crime. D. working together.

B. problem solving.

Many police agencies today are abolishing specialized investigative units and creating general investigative units within each command area. This is an example of _____ in investigative units. A. functional changes B. procedural changes C. structural changes D. administrative changes

B. procedural changes

The practice of using informal tactics by police officers to calm a mentally ill person down is known as A. mercy booking. B. psychiatric first aid. C. emotion-focused therapy. D. life coaching.

B. psychiatric first aid.

Most hate crimes are motivated by A. religious bias. B. racial or ethnic bias. C. sexual orientation bias. D. ethnic bias.

B. racial or ethnic bias.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy of problem solving in community policing? A. involving neighborhood residents via neighborhood associations B. responding to calls for service and making arrests C. identifying the root causes of problems D. mobilizing another governmental service to address the problem

B. responding to calls for service and making arrests

A person is _____ whenever the person believes he or she is not free to go. A. behaviorally arrested B. subjectively arrested C. legally arrested D. officially arrested

B. subjectively arrested

The main point of the "Broken Windows" essay was A. that race is the number one variable influencing crime. B. that disorganized neighborhoods contribute to crime. C. that crime was a function of unemployment. D. that the availability of guns was a serious problem.

B. that disorganized neighborhoods contribute to crime.

One of the major problems with the implementation of the CAPS program was A. great demand for more change on part of police. B. the 911 system. C. no community involvement. D. the distribution of large financial resources.

B. the 911 system.

The event referred to as an arrest has four dimensions. Which dimension is defined by the following: "an individual is arrested or in custody when deprived of his or her liberty by legal authority"? A. the behavioral dimension B. the legal dimension C. the official dimension D. the subjective dimension

B. the legal dimension

A person is said to be subjectively arrested when A. the person is in custody and deprived of his or her liberty. B. the person believes he or she is not free to go. C. an official arrest report is completed. D. a warrant is issued in his or her name.

B. the person believes he or she is not free to go.

Which model holds that noncrime calls give officers a broader exposure to the community, with the result that they have more knowledge that will help them solve crimes? A. the community cooperation model B. the police knowledge model C. the crime prophylactic model D. the social work model

B. the police knowledge model

What is the function of the FBI's National DNA Indexing System (NDIS)? A. to identify missing children B. to store genetic evidence gathered from crime scenes and genetic information from convicted offenders C. to store genetic material from murder victims D. to support the Department of Homeland Security

B. to store genetic evidence gathered from crime scenes and genetic information from convicted offenders

If a reported crime cannot proceed for a variety of legal or environmental factors, police may later choose to A. clear the case. B. unfound the crime. C. investigate it for some other crime. D. refer it to another agency.

B. unfound the crime.

When a citizen reports a crime to a police officer but the police officer does not complete a crime report, this is called A. clearing a crime. B. unfounding a crime. C. being lazy. D. a statistical disagreement.

B. unfounding a crime.

The strategy for police to primarily focus on disorder, minor crimes, and the appearance of crime is called A. minor crime enforcement. B. zero-tolerance policing. C. problem oriented policing. D. aggressive peace policing.

B. zero-tolerance policing.

According to Murray Straus and Richard Gelles, what percentage of all wives have experienced some sort of domestic violence? A. 9 percent B. 25 percent C. 13 percent D. 58 percent

C. 13 percent

The CAPS acronym stands for A. Cleveland Alternative Police Strategy. B. Columbine Alternative Police Strategy. C. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy. D. Colorado Alternative Police Strategy.

C. Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy.

_____ are the most visible of prostitutes and easier to apprehend than other prostitutes. A. Skeezers B. Brothel prostitutes C. Hookers D. Call girls

C. Hookers

Identify an accurate statement about community policing organizations. A. They discourage line officers from exercising their discretion in diagnosing local problems. B. They have a communication structure where communication flows downward from the police to the community. C. They have fewer levels of management. D. They are highly specialized.

C. They have fewer levels of management.

Which of the following statements is true about property crime units? A. They have the smallest workloads. B. They have the highest clearance rates. C. They rank the lowest in terms of moral significance. D. They occupy a higher status than homicide units.

C. They rank the lowest in terms of moral significance.

How does zero tolerance differ from community policing? A. Zero tolerance is not based on the broken windows theory. B. Zero tolerance focuses on crime prevention. C. Zero tolerance assumes that communities in need are least likely to have strong social institutions. D. Zero tolerance moves away from the crime attack model.

C. Zero tolerance assumes that communities in need are least likely to have strong social institutions.

Many advocates of community policing argue that the implementation of community policing will require A. an experienced veteran officer who is familiar with traditional policing. B. police officers trained in tactical operations. C. a "new breed" of police officers trained in problem solving and community interaction. D. an officer who understands team policing.

C. a "new breed" of police officers trained in problem solving and community interaction.

A reactive anticrime strategy is defined as A. responding to a crime stopper tip. B. the study of crime methods in a certain area. C. a response to a citizen request for service. D. the methods with no positive impact.

C. a response to a citizen request for service.

What is a nominal caseload? A. cases actually worked by detectives B. cases worth attempting to solve C. all cases assigned to an officer D. cases carrying a high degree of seriousness

C. all cases assigned to an officer

According to John Eck and William Spelman, when a police department tries to assess the conditions of a problem and also calculate the frequency and duration of the problem, it is most likely in the _____ stage of the problem-solving process. A. response B. scanning C. analysis D. implementation

C. analysis

Criminal investigation offers a clearly defined measure of success. What is this measure? A. unfounding a report B. uncovering a lead C. arresting a suspect D. convicting an offender

C. arresting a suspect

According to community policing advocates, the most effective way of reducing community decay and disorder is through A. neighborhood awareness and fast police response time. B. strong police presence. C. collaborative relationships between the police and community. D. increased arrests in decayed residential areas.

C. collaborative relationships between the police and community.

A dispute involving two or more people engaged in an intimate relationship is commonly known as a(n) A. family conflict. B. household disorder. C. domestic disturbance. D. intimate argument.

C. domestic disturbance.

To a police officer, an argument involving two or more persons engaged in an intimate relationship is called a A. home call. B. house fight. C. domestic disturbance. D. cat fight.

C. domestic disturbance.

In the CAPS program, citizens were asked to list the biggest problems in the neighborhood. What was the biggest problem according to citizens? A. traffic enforcement B. gang-related problems C. drug dealing D. loud music

C. drug dealing

What is an example of a proactive anticrime strategy? A. citizen calls to report crime B. stopping a burglary in progress C. drug enforcement D. None of the answers is correct.

C. drug enforcement

One of the most important sources about criminal activity remains the A. forensic evidence. B. investigator. C. informant. D. criminalistics.

C. informant.

In noncrime situations, people often expect the police to remove someone who they believe does not belong there. In this situation, the police meets a citizen's expectation of police work by A. obtaining an emergency service. B. counterpunching. C. maintaining a social boundary. D. relieving an unpleasant situation.

C. maintaining a social boundary.

The most important difference in community policing is that it represents a(n) A. alternative source of major funding. B. new method of doing the same type of work. C. major change in the role of the police. D. direct application of the broken windows theory.

C. major change in the role of the police.

Which of the following was one of the first attempts to control officer arrest discretion? A. mandatory referral policies B. mandatory mediation policies C. mandatory arrest policies D. None of the answers is correct.

C. mandatory arrest policies

Officers exercise great discretion in handling the mentally ill. Which is NOT one of their basic options? A. hospitalization B. arrest C. medically assisted sedation D. informal disposition

C. medically assisted sedation

People are less likely to comply with police officers when A. people perceive a situation to be less serious. B. people are in public places. C. police officers approach a situation with a high degree of authoritativeness. D. police officers use mediation and separation to de-escalate a situation.

C. police officers approach a situation with a high degree of authoritativeness.

A goal achieved by the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) was that A. bureaucracy was eliminated and nepotism was removed from police departments. B. beat officers were able to engage more in traditional policing rather than community policing. C. police officers were able to spend more time on problem solving. D. low-income households and high school nongraduates in Chicago helped the police reduce the crime rates by 50 percent.

C. police officers were able to spend more time on problem solving.

Problem solving, as implemented in community policing, is often confused with A. service-oriented policing. B. crime-oriented policing. C. problem-oriented policing. D. community-oriented policing.

C. problem-oriented policing.

Preliminary investigations consist of five basic steps. Which of the following is NOT one of these basic steps? A. preparing preliminary reports B. securing the crime scene C. providing referral information to witnesses D. collecting all relevant evidence

C. providing referral information to witnesses

According to John Eck and William Spelman, the data used to develop a strategy to address the problem represents the _____ stage of the problem-solving process stage. A. scanning B. analysis C. response D. assessment

C. response

According to Wesley Skogan, social disorder includes issues such as A. vandalism and arson. B. graffiti and defacement. C. street corner gangs and public drinking. D. dilapidation and abandonment of buildings.

C. street corner gangs and public drinking.

What is perhaps the best-known directed patrol effort aimed at reducing gun violence? A. the Chicago Safe Streets Program B. the New York Central Park Program C. the Kansas City Gun Experiment D. the Denver Firearms Experiment

C. the Kansas City Gun Experiment

Which model holds that police intervention can defuse potentially violent situations and prevent them from escalating into criminal violence? A. the community cooperation model B. the police knowledge model C. the crime prophylactic model D. the social work model

C. the crime prophylactic model

The police have at least three models of specialized responses for calls involving mentally ill persons. Which of the following models involves formal agreements and arrangements between police departments and community mental health organizations? A. the police-based specialized response B. the police-based mental health response C. the mental-health-based specialized mental health response D. All of the answers are correct

C. the mental-health-based specialized mental health response

What is one of the most common ways police agencies have attempted to bring the police and citizenry together while at the same time attempting to reduce crime? A. the increased use of sub stations B. the use of permanent patrol beats C. the use of foot patrol D. the increased use of automobile patrol

C. the use of foot patrol

A proactive police anticrime strategy is practiced when police A. look for a crime. B. receive information about a crime. C. themselves initiate the strategy. D. profile criminals.

C. themselves initiate the strategy.

According to John C. Meyer, citizens have four different reasons for calling the police. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons? A. to maintain a social boundary B. to relieve unpleasant situations C. to define the principle of law D. to counterpunch

C. to define the principle of law

Which of the following is perhaps the most common type of order maintenance activity carried out by the police? A. drug enforcement B. domestic disputes C. traffic enforcement D. medical assistance

C. traffic enforcement

Physical disorder includes issues such as A. street corner gangs. B. street corner drug sales. C. vandalism. D. public drinking.

C. vandalism.

Informants are an important source of information about criminal activity. They are especially useful in _____ investigations. A. murder B. armed robbery C. victimless crime D. tax fraud

C. victimless crime

What is the estimated yearly gross revenue from prostitution in the United States? A. $11-$13 million B. $2-$3 billion C. $4-$6 million D. $7-$9 billion

D. $7-$9 billion

In most U.S. cities, what percentage of arrestees are current drug users? A. 5-10 percent B. 20-30 percent C. 40-50 percent D. 60-70 percent

D. 60-70 percent

There were 1 million women victimized by intimate partner violence in 2004. By 2010, that number was A. 1.3 million women. B. 1.5 million women. C. 1.7 million women. D. 748,000 women.

D. 748,000 women.

In practice, patrol officers make about _____ of all arrests. A. 10 percent B. 30 percent C. 40 percent D. 80 percent

D. 80 percent

The 2004 National Youth Gang Survey reported that there were _____ gang members active in the United States. A. 369,000 B. 461,000 C. 500,000 D. 850,000

D. 850,000

In community policing, managers are expected to assist neighborhood officers in A. developing neighborhood contacts. B. acquiring resources. C. facilitating training opportunities. D. All of the answers are correct.

D. All of the answers are correct.

The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment sought to determine the relative deterrent effects of arrest, mediation, and separation in misdemeanor domestic violence incidents. What was one of its findings? A. Separation produced lower rates of repeat violence than arrest or mediation. B. Mediation produced lower rates of repeat violence than arrest or separation. C. Arrest, separation, and mediation were found to have similar results. D. Arrests produced lower rates of repeat violence than mediation or separation.

D. Arrests produced lower rates of repeat violence than mediation or separation.

What is an example of the demand reduction strategy? A. trading up B. drug crackdowns C. undercover work D. D.A.R.E.

D. D.A.R.E.

Which of the following statements is true about zero-tolerance policing? A. It is a reactive, rather than a proactive, form of policing. B. It rests on the idea that the community is a primary coproducer of crime control. C. It is based on the strain theory. D. It focuses on a crime-attack model of policing.

D. It focuses on a crime-attack model of policing.

Which of the following statements is true about prostitution? A. It is a felony in all states in the United States. B. It excludes women who work as hustlers and skeezers. C. It is the most common type of order maintenance problem for police officers. D. It is a "victimless crime," with no complaining party.

D. It is a "victimless crime," with no complaining party.

In communities with few mental health resources, police officers are sometimes inclined to arrest a mentally ill person for a misdemeanor. This practice is known as A. psychiatric first aid. B. mercy advocacy. C. psycho policing. D. None of the answers is correct.

D. None of the answers is correct.

Identify an accurate statement about call girls. A. They are the most visible prostitutes to the public and police. B. They are brothel prostitutes who represent the lower end of the social scale of prostitution. C. They predominantly operate near military bases. D. They cater to more affluent customers.

D. They cater to more affluent customers.

According to J. Mitchell Miller, which of the following statements is true about vengeful informants? A. They were typically motivated by power and authority. B. They were almost always crack addicts. C. They agreed to become informants solely to avoid informal sanctions by the police. D. They included individuals who they believed cheated them out of money.

D. They included individuals who they believed cheated them out of money.

According to J. Mitchell Miller, who were police buffs? A. They were typically those individuals who traded information with the police for drugs. B. They served as a source of information to the police to exact revenge on someone on whom they wanted to inflict harm. C. They were the most problematic type of informants. D. They provided information to the police often on a one-time basis.

D. They provided information to the police often on a one-time basis.

Which of the following statements is true about skeezers? A. They emerged in the early 2000s and their numbers declined by the late 2000s. B. They are otherwise known as hustlers or hookers. C. They mostly work in bars for a referral fee. D. They usually engage in sex for drugs.

D. They usually engage in sex for drugs.

Which of the following statements is true about reporting of crime? A. Citizens are more likely to report minor crimes than serious crimes. B. Males are less likely than females to report a violent crime to the police. C. African Americans and those with lower incomes are less likely to report a crime than are whites and those with higher incomes. D. Women report property crimes less often than males do to the police.

D. Women report property crimes less often than males do to the police.

The consultation strategy serves four functions. Which of the following is NOT one of these four functions? A. providing a forum for citizens to express their problems and needs B. allowing citizens to express complaints involving the police C. allowing police to educate citizens about crime and disorder D. allowing police to discuss current growth trends and anticipated needs

D. allowing police to discuss current growth trends and anticipated needs

According to John Eck and William Spelman, involving the rigorous feedback and effectiveness represents the _____ stage of the problem-solving process. A. scanning B. analysis C. response D. assessment

D. assessment

Which of the following crimes had the lowest clearance rate in 2014? A. murder B. rape C. robbery D. burglary

D. burglary

Since the attacks on September 11, 2001, terrorism in the United States has A. increased. B. stayed roughly the same. C. become more violent. D. decreased.

D. decreased.

Zero-tolerance policing calls for the police to focus primarily on A. vice crimes and crimes against persons. B. community resources and crime index. C. the means by which policing is done and the prosecution of crime. D. disorder, minor crimes, and the appearance of crime.

D. disorder, minor crimes, and the appearance of crime.

Which of the following is NOT expected of managers in community policing? A. assisting neighborhood officers B. facilitating training opportunities C. counseling officers on political issues D. focusing on issues of control through discipline

D. focusing on issues of control through discipline

The intent behind the consultation strategy is to A. establish which community businesses police will be involved with. B. determine where neighborhood watches will be established. C. help community organizations combat neighborhood decay. D. help the community and police define and prioritize problems.

D. help the community and police define and prioritize problems.

Alcohol-related traffic fatalities have declined since the 1920s. Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to this trend? A. increase in legal drinking age B. air bags C. better roads D. increased speed limits

D. increased speed limits

Which of the following is the strategy most often used by the police in managing juvenile crime? A. education drop-out prevention B. gang prevention C. drug prevention D. law enforcement

D. law enforcement

According to David Bayley, when community policing expands the police role and erodes the traditional limits of policing, it is referred to as _____ policing. A. confined B. conservative C. defined D. maximalist

D. maximalist

One of the most common ways the police have attempted to bring the police and citizenry together while attempting to control crime is through the use of A. more squad cars in each district. B. more citizens riding in squad cars with the police. C. more citizens armed with weapons. D. more foot patrols.

D. more foot patrols.

According to John C. Meyer, when someone calls the police about situations such as missing children, medical crises, or suicide, it is called A. maintaining a social boundary. B. relieving an unpleasant situation. C. counterpunching. D. obtaining an emergency service.

D. obtaining an emergency service.

An individual is _____ only when the police make an official arrest report of it. A. behaviorally arrested B. subjectively arrested C. legally arrested D. officially arrested

D. officially arrested

Bayley warns that changing the police role runs the risk of involving the police in A. crime. B. crime analysis. C. unions. D. politics.

D. politics.

When a person calls the police because of noise, an argument, a family problem, or a dispute with neighbors, the person expects the police to meet his or her expectation of police work by A. obtaining an emergency service. B. counterpunching. C. maintaining a social boundary. D. relieving an unpleasant situation.

D. relieving an unpleasant situation.

The defining feature of problem solving in community policing is A. requiring participants to respond to the problem. B. requiring police to mobilize task forces to combat crime. C. requiring communities to respond to criminal disorder. D. requiring participants to identify underlying causes of problems.

D. requiring participants to identify underlying causes of problems.

Which of the following is NOT a way by which police learn about crimes? A. citizen reports B. police on-view observation C. police initiated investigations D. the forensic index of the NDIS

D. the forensic index of the NDIS

According to J. Mitchell Miller, which of the following is a type of informant who is most likely to be motivated by money? A. the vengeful informant B. the supportive informant C. the hammered informant D. the mercenary informant

D. the mercenary informant

Some large departments have specialized responses for calls involving mentally ill persons. Which model involves sworn officers who have extensive training in responding to problems involving the mentally ill? A. the police-based specialized mental health response B. the mental-health-based specialized mental health response C. the individualized response for mentally ill D. the police-based specialized response

D. the police-based specialized response

Which model holds that the latent coercive power of the police can help to steer potential lawbreakers into law-abiding behavior? A. the community cooperation model B. the police knowledge model C. the crime prophylactic model D. the social work model

D. the social work model

Eyewitness identification is problematic in investigations as the victim is often A. wrong about the crime. B. wrong about what happened. C. revengeful in their complaint. D. traumatized by the crime.

D. traumatized by the crime.

What does it mean to "unfound" a crime? A. when police officers complete crime reports B. when police officers enter the crime report into the UCR C. when police officers fail to make an arrest D. when police officers do not complete a crime report

D. when police officers do not complete a crime report