POLS 2401: Module 8

What are some of the reasons for why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years?

-Improved food production and distribution -Major public health advances Reduced mortality rates

"Brain Drain" is:

-Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital -The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries

Across the globe, urbanization has been caused by?

-Technological developments, "pushing" people off the farm -Environmental decline, such as the overgrazing of land -Industrialization, "pulling" people into cities

In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that

-The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery -The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control

Key "general tendencies" of international population movements in an age of globalization include:

-The involvement of an increasing number of countries, both as sending and receiving states -The "feminization" of migration, as women are an increasing part of workforces -The increasing politicization of migration

What can we say about trends in global population growth?

-The world's population continues to grow but the rate of population growth is decreasing -Fertility rates in the least developed countries are declining but still very high -More than 80% of the world's population is located in the less-developed world

In 2014, the number of people living as refugees or internally displaced people worldwide was estimated by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at:

55 million

The world's population is currently at about:

7.6 billion people

The medium estimation for the world's population has it increasing to what level by 2050?

9.7 billion people by 2050

Where do you find the majority of countries identified as the most severely impacted by HIV/AIDS?

Africa

What is replacement fertility?

Approximately 2.1 births per woman

When did the world's population reach one billion people?

At the beginning of the 19th century

Which country has been known for its "one child policy"?

China

The two countries with the largest populations will continue to see population growth, but where ___________ is projected to peak in size at 1.42 billion in 2030, _____________ is projected to soon overtake it, reaching an estimated 1.71 billion by the middle of the 21st century.

China / India

What countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population?

Countries in Asia

The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize:

Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline

What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"?

Demography

The role of women in population control:

Has been seen as central because women's empowerment tends to lead to smaller but healthier families

U.S. support for international family planning programs:

Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs

What regions hold what percentage of the world's population? The more developed countries (MDCs) hold _________________ of the world's population, whereas the less developed countries (LDCs) hold ______________ of the world's population.

Less than 20% / more than 80%

In general:

Many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) have enacted policies to reduce population growth, while many More Developed Countries (MDCs) have enacted policies to increase population growth

Which of the following statements is true concerning urbanization?

More Developed Countries (MDCs) are more urbanized than Less Developed Countries (LDCs)

How is a country's population size determined?

P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration

Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that:

Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development

Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide?

The United States

Critics of the demographic transition model argue that:

The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard

Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources?

Thomas Malthus

The majority of the world's refugees and internally displaced people are:

Women and children