POLS 310 Exam 2

(Q005) Which of the following makes a country a nation-state? There is congruence between state and nation. There are multiple state regions that are unified in one country. There is a democratic government. All people are loyal to the same government

There is congruence between state and nation.

Q025) Which of the following is true of transnational movements? They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state They prevent states from using diplomacy They are all united by religious ideals They can develop around issues such as the environment.

They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state

(Q004) Neoliberal institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is __________ in nature but disagree on the potential for __________ outcomes. hegemonic; cooperative bipolar; relative anarchic; cooperative anarchic; relative

anarchic; cooperative

(Q017) In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis? common identities counteracting powerful factions shared culture common ideologies

counteracting powerful factions

(Q002) What is an example of a bipolar period in world history? the immediate post-Cold War era the nineteenth century the Cold War World War II

the Cold War

(Q025) When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the United States acted alone to remove Iraq from Kuwait. the Soviet Union/Russia did not support any actions against Iraq. the Soviet Union/Russia supported placing sanctions on Iraq, but not a military mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait. the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait.

the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait.

(Q002) The Treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-48). Which of the following resulted from this experience? Napoleon's rise to become emperor the union of all Europeans by Catholicism the notion of sovereignty an increase of local militaries

the notion of sovereignty

(Q001) What does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations? the rise of secular authority the emergence of religious authority the end of nationalism the end of monarchies

the rise of secular authority

(Q016) The tendency for individuals to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted while discounting other information is known as cognitive consistency. mirror imaging. using an evoked set. using a filter.

cognitive consistency

(Q006) __________ believe that diplomacy can succeed without the use of economic statecraft or force. Constructivists Liberals Realists Ethnonationalists

liberals

(Q024) In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016? Iran and Syria Iraq and Syria Iran and Iraq Syria and Libya

Iraq and Syria

Q021) The __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions in government, whereas the __________ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions both inside and outside government. bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist pluralist; bureaucratic/organizational game theory; pluralist rational choice; game theory

bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist

(Q012) The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as détente. imperialism. colonialism. revanchism.

colonialism

Q023) A threat to use force to try to get another state to do something is known as satisficing. compellence. deterrence. track-two diplomacy

compellence.

(Q012) Which of the foreign policy decision-making models highlights the importance of a country's strategic culture? constructivist model organizational politics model pluralist model rational model

constructivist model

(Q018) The strategic idea held by the United States during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as balance of power. containment. détante. rollback

containment.

(Q008) A strategy that involves a commitment by one state to punish another state if it takes an undesired action is known as positive sanctions. compellence. negative sanctions. deterrence

deterrence

Q015) A state that fails to perform one of a state's vital functions is known as a(n) fragile state. ethnonationalist state. nation-state. nation

fragile state

(Q009) One idea that emerged after the American and French revolutions was that human nature is aggressive and warlike. universal voting is necessary in democracy. government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. only monarchies are politically stable

government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.

(Q010) Soft power refers to the ability to use negative sanctions to influence others. use diplomacy to influence others. influence others by example. use positive sanctions to influence others.

influence by example

(Q004) The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of absolutism. sovereignty. legitimacy. nationalism.

legitimacy

(Q007) Which of the following perspectives view states as pluralist arenas used to oversee the competition of various governmental and societal interests? neorealism constructivism liberalism realism

liberalism

Q010) The bureaucratic/organizational and pluralist models of decision making stem from which theoretical perspective? realism liberalism constructivism radicalism

liberalism

(Q005) Coordination among several states is known as détente. multipolarism. multilateralism. anarchy

multilateralism

(Q002) A group of people who share a common history, language, and lifestyle is known as a(n) nation-state. state. ethnonationalist movement. nation

nation

(Q012) Which of the following are examples of intangible sources of power? natural resources and public support geography and national image national image and public support geography and natural resources

national image and public support

(Q006) When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs, and practices, it is termed nationalism. capitalism. feudalism. liberalism

nationalism

(Q014) According to Margaret Hermann's typology, a(n) __________ leader is one who has a low level of nationalism, has little belief in his or her ability to control events, and wants to maintain friendly relationships with others. independent ignorant patriotic participatory

participatory

(Q013) When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, the League of Nations led a military mission to remove Italy from Ethiopia. placed sanctions on Italy, crippling the Italian economy. did not respond. placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.

placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.

(Q007) An example of negative sanctions is allowing sensitive trade with a target state. giving trading privileges to the target state. placing an arms embargo on a target state. giving corporations investment guarantees as incentives to invest in a target state.

placing an arms embargo on a target state.

(Q008) The ability to influence an outcome that would not have otherwise occurred is known as power potential. intangible power. power. tangible power.

power

(Q009) Geographic size and location, population and natural resources are all sources of __________ and reflect the __________ of a state. tangible power; autonomy power; sovereignty national interest; power power; power potential

power; power potential

Q009) Which model of foreign policy making focuses on a government's attempts to maximize its strategic objectives? bureaucratic politics model rational model organizational politics model pluralist mode

rational model

(Q018) Which theoretical perspective places least importance on the individual level of analysis? constructivism realism idealism liberalism

realism

(Q003) The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as statism. realism. nationalism. sovereignty.

sovereignty

(Q016) The idea behind the balance of power is that states are more likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries. states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries. rational states will not go to war. alliances should be fixed and rigid.

states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.

(Q001) An assemblage of units united by some form of regular interaction is called a(n) evoked set. balance of power. bipolar system. system

system

Q001) What are the essential conditions for an entity to be called a state? allegiance of people, stable population, and diplomatic recognition stable population, allegiance of people, and territorial base territorial base and diplomatic recognition territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition

territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition

(Q022) Groups of people from different states that share a set of beliefs and work together to change the status quo are known transnational movements. a nation. ethnonationalists .bureaucrats.

transnational movements.

Q013) Which of the following concepts highlights the importance of negotiations between a negotiator and domestic constituencies as well as negotiations between states for understanding foreign policy? satisficing two-level game public diplomacy track-two diplomacy

two- level game

(Q017) Individual leaders in power often evaluate the current world by the lessons they have learned from the past. This is known as cognitive consistency. mirror imaging. groupthink. using an evoked set

using an evoked set

(Q003) According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states. war interdependence multilateralism cooperation

war

Q014) __________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire. Inclusionism Revanchism Imperialism

Imperialism

(Q011) The three levels of analysis in the study of international relations are NGOs, state, and international institutions. individual, state, and system. state, international institutions, and system. NGOs, state, and system.

Individual, state, and system

(Q010) The Congress of Berlin in 1855 divided __________ between the major powers. India Africa French lands conquered by Napoleon areas of Russia ceded during World War I

Africa

(Q020) Recent mass actions have led to significant government change in all of the following cases except Egypt. China. Ukraine. Tunisia.

China

(Q017) Which of the following is an effect that has stemmed from globalization? It has challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs. It has prevented leaders from using the rational model of decision making. It has made the bureaucratic model of decision making inapplicable to international affairs. It has reinforced state sovereignty.

It has challenged the state as the primary actor in international affairs.

(Q005) At the height of colonialism, __________ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence. Vietnam Philippines China Japan

Japan

Q021) In the early 1900s, __________, a non-European power, defeated Russia, a European power, in a war. the United States Japan Korea China

Japan

Q019) During the Cold War, the alliance between the United States and the Western European powers was known as the __________ and the alliance between the Soviet Union and east European powers was known as the __________. Warsaw Pact; North Atlantic Treaty Organization Axis powers; Allied powers North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact Allied powers; Axis powers

North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Warsaw Pact

(Q019) In instances of groupthink, what tends to occur when new information unfolds that challenges a group's initial beliefs? Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs. The group splits into competing factions. The group becomes excessively pessimistic. Contradictory advice is welcomed

Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs

(Q023) In 2014, the Russian Federation invaded Georgia. Poland. Ukraine. the Baltic states

Ukraine

Q008) Which country refused to join the League of Nations? Canada United States Great Britain France

United States

(Q006) Constructivists characterize the national interest as constantly changing. based on leaders' material interests. a fixed social construct. focused on obtaining state power

a fixed social construct

(Q015) A relatively integrated set of images formed by perceptions is known as a(n) mirror image. belief system. evoked set. groupthink.

belief system

(Q019) Which foreign policy model emphasizes how standard operating procedures and processes affect decisions? bargaining bureaucratic/organizational rational pluralist

bureaucratic/organizational

(Q013) An individual can alter the course of events under certain external conditions. Which of the following circumstances correctly captures when an individual is more likely to have a great impact on a country? when political institutions in a country are robust and stable when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis when a leader is restricted by institutional constraints when the issue is routine

when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis

(Q020) The credibility of a commitment depends on a state's willingness to carry it out. ability to carry it out. first-strike capability. willingness and ability to carry it out.

willingness and ability to carry it out.

Q003) Which statement best captures the difference between a state and a nation? A nation cannot exist without a state. Multiple nations cannot exist within one state. A state cannot exist without a nation. A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.

A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.