POLS1101-Final
When those in government exercise power recognized by citizens as right and proper, they are exercising
Authority
Which of the following reflects the type of economic system found in the United States?
Regulated capitalism, in which business has substantial freedom from government interference, but the government does step in and regulate the economy to guarantee individual rights
Social conservatives would agree with all of the following EXCEPT
a significant use of government power to affect the economy.
The fact that the federal government was able to get the states to adopt a uniform drinking age is an example of the
ability of the national government to use its funding authority to achieve indirectly what it cannot achieve directly.
A political system in which the state holds all power over the social order is
an authoritarian government.
A set of beliefs about politics, the economy, and society that helps people make sense of their world is called
an ideology
The founders adopted a federal system
as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments.
A major debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists concerned the
balance of power between the federal and state governments.
Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called
block grants.
The New Deal increased the power of the federal government in regard to
business and the economy.
Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the
commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly.
How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"
Rules can be thought of as the how.
In Federalist No. 51, what government structure did James Madison recommend to ensure "ambition...be made to counteract ambition"?
Separation of powers among the branches of federal government
Which of the following states were generally first to ratify the Constitution?
Small states
Many European countries follow the theory of _____, which is a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and government that supports equality.
Social Democracy
______ refers to a particular view of how we ought to live our lives.
Social order
Article III of the Constitution
creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.
According to the Federalists, the advantage of federalism over a confederation was that the former
divided power between the federal and state governments.
The theory that defines the state and national governments as essentially separate from each other and carrying out independent functions is
dual federalism.
Under the three-fifths compromise,
each slave would count as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation.
Groups of people motivated by a common interest, but one that differs from the interest of the country as a whole are known as
factions.
One of the great advantages of American federalism over the years has been the
flexibility it has provided the states when it comes to experimentation with public policy.
Americans' belief in freedom is defined as
freedom from restraint by the government.
One reason for the growth of the national government's power and influence has been
heightened expectations and demands placed on the federal government.
Confederal governments are usually found today
in multinational relationships.
The central goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention was to
increase the power of the national government.
According to the text, "liberals" are people who believe in the widespread use of government power for
reducing economic inequality.
Individuals coming to the United States seeking asylum are known as
refugees
The two competing views of citizenship that exist today in the United States see humans acting out of
self-interest versus public good.
The constitutional safeguard that places legislative, executive, and judicial powers in different hands is called
separation of powers.
The enumerated powers are important because they
showed the founders' commitment to creating a strong national government.
The federal government has been able to use categorical grants to coerce states into doing what it wants most of the time because
states have become financially dependent on this aid.
The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment to
strike down racial segregation in the states.
The supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution states that
the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
The founders intended the people to have influence over public policy through
the House of Representatives.
Power is defined in your text as
the ability to get other people to do what you want.
Although the Constitution provides for both national and state powers,
the balance between state and national powers has shifted considerably since 1787.
The central democratic institution of the elite theory of democracy is
the electoral process.
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were
the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country.
During the period of time during which the United States was governed by the Articles of Confederation, elites came to fear tyranny by
the people.
The rulings of the Supreme Court under John Marshall contributed to enhancement of
the power of the national government.
Congress has been reluctant to use block grants to achieve policy goals because
they allow states to pursue their own goals rather than the federal government's goals.
James Madison believed that factions were particularly dangerous to a republic because
they would likely pit the haves and have-nots against each other.
Federal orders that require states to operate and pay for programs created at the national level are called
unfunded mandates.
A ______ system is one in which the central government ultimately has all of the power.
unitary
The amendment process for the Constitution
was designed to allow growth and change but not to be too easy.
James Madison thought that average citizens
were not likely to put the community's interests above their individual interests.
In the early years of the New Deal, the Supreme Court ruled that many New Deal programs
were unconstitutional.
Individualism means or implies all of the following EXCEPT
what is good for the individual follows from what is good for society.
Early colonists came to America
with a wide range of economic and political agendas as well as religious and philosophical motives.
The significance of the Federalist Papers is that
without them the states might not have ratified the Constitution.
Why do many Americans find it difficult to identify themselves as conservatives or liberals?
Because they consider themselves liberal on some issues and conservative on other issues
According to the social contract, what is the source of government's legitimacy?
Citizen consent
What is the key difference between a citizen and a subject?
Citizens have rights as well as obligations, but subjects have only obligations
What is the key difference between categorical grants and block grants?
Compared with categorical grants, block grants provide states with more leverage and power over how to spend grants-in-aid money.
The necessary and proper clause of the U.S. Constitution states that
Congress has the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper for the carrying out of its other powers.
The role of citizens is limited to choosing among competing leaders in the __________ theory of democracy.
Elite
The key concept of the pluralist theory of democracy is
Groups
Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as
Immigrants
The delegate to the Constitutional Convention who had the greatest impact on the document was
James Madison.
The authors of your text suggest that Thomas Jefferson might have changed John Locke's argument for government to protect property to protection of "the pursuit of happiness" because
Jefferson was trying to gain the support of those who had little property to protect.
The Declaration of Independence reflects the political philosophy of
John Locke.
In declaring all men to be equal, the authors of the Declaration of Independence followed Locke in all of the following EXCEPT
Locke condemned slavery.
According to the "Consider the Source" feature in Chapter 3, what is the relationship between newspaper articles, editorials, and columns?
Newspaper articles are written to avoid bias, whereas editorials and columns make one-sided arguments.
McCulloch v. Maryland increased the power of the federal government by
interpreting the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution very broadly.
In the United States,
legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions.
The enumerated powers are
listed in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.
The ultimate impact of the Revolutionary War on African Americans was that
many slaves earned freedom during the war, but in the aftermath of the war they did not find their lot greatly improved.
The founders hoped that the Senate would be ______ the House of Representatives.
more stable than
Compared with the situation found in most countries, the range of the ideological spectrum in the United States is
narrower because of our shared political culture.
The Supreme Court has interpreted the ______ clause of the Constitution so broadly that there are very few restrictions on what Congress can do.
necessary and proper
According to James Madison, factions are best controlled by the creation of a large republic because
no faction will be a majority, which means that no faction will be able to get its way.
The New Deal increased the scope of both national and state powers by
redefining the purpose of American government.
The importance of political culture is that it
reduces conflict in society.
