POSI EQUAL RIGHTS CH

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of Black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

35; 12

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of Black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely Black.

95

Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?

Asian Americans were not politically active to any great extent.

Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

Which of the following are among the legacies of the practice of redlining?

Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites). Segregated neighborhoods still exist.

Which of the following are ancestral countries for many Asian Americans?

India China the Philippines

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Civil Rights Act

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

It banned discriminatory voter registration practices. It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against Black voters.

The type of discrimination in which, despite legal protections, traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice is ______.

It passed the Civil Rights Act, which entitles all persons to equal access to public accommodations.

Within the past 10 years, Supreme Court decisions have expanded LGBTQ rights in which of the following ways?

LGBTQ couples now have the right to marry throughout the United States. LGBTQ people are now protected from job discrimination under the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

About half of all Hispanics in the United States were born in ______.

Mexico or have Mexican ancestry

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?

Pueblo Navajo

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in ______.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

The average pay for women workers is only 82 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college. Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average.

In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, DC, to protest federal policy.

Trail of Broken Treaties

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?

abolitionist movement

Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?

affirmative action

In the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court found that segregated schools made Black students feel like they had _____ in the community and were thus "inherently unequal."

an inferior status

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to ______.

be college educated have a high median income

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.

bilingual

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting ______.

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

discriminatory practices in housing discriminatory practices in mortgage lending discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

equal access to public facilities the right of every person to equal protection under the law equal access to the opportunities society provides

True or false: The idea that "all men are created equal," as stated in the Declaration of Independence, has always been understood to include all people in the United States.

false

Hispanics who have immigrated to the U.S. are generally concentrated ______.

in their states of entry

Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable-basis test

Which of the following is a key result of the civil rights movement?

removing discrimination in voting requirements

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that "__" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

separate

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in public accommodations such as restaurants and movie theaters, is based on Congress's power to regulate commerce.

true

Which groups have historically lacked equality in the United States?

women catholics asian americans

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which of the following are reasons for the higher death rate for Black Americans?

higher housing density higher incidence of comorbidity factors such as hypertension more limited access to medical care

In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to ______.

establish policies aimed at ensuring that all job applicants are treated fairly

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

A state requires separate public bathrooms for Black and white people. Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.

In the presidential election following enactment of the Voting Rights Act, Black turnout in the South ______.

increased by 20 percentage points

In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that Blacks ______ public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.

must be allowed to use

Which of the following are current policy issues for Native Americans?

preserving their culture and languages preventing casino gambling from eroding tribal traditions obtaining economic self-sufficiency