Post Lab XII hmw

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The parasympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through secretion of the neurotransmitter _____________________ from sympathetic nerve varicosities.

acetylcholine

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following are symptoms might be observed in subjects who are not able to adequately maintain blood pressure when we stand up?

all of these

You are about to do a session of aquatic physical therapy with your patient and because your facility does not have a small, warm, therapy pool, you are doing your PT in a local university's pool (kept around 76 F). This patient also has some cardiac risk factors and a history of various ventricular arrhythmis. You remember learning about the diving reflex a long time ago in a physiolgy class when you were an undergraduate student; what concerns might you have, that relate to this reflex, in this situation?

all of these

Which of the following is/are NOT a mechanism by which the sympathetic nervous system influences mean arterial pressure?

all of these ARE mechanisms by which the SNS can increase MAP

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and MAP. Which of the following stimuli likely initiated these cardiovascular responses?

an increase in pCO2 in the arterial blood

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

decrease in pH

Which of the following is/are true about sympathetic nervous system effects on the cardiovascular system?

four of these answers

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

histamine

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise with a large muscle mass, like cycing or running, is usually associted with a small decrease in DBP. Which of the following is most likely related to the decrease we observe in DBP in young, healthy, subjects, during thistype of exercise?

locally mediated dilation in the active muscles (autoregulation)

Your subject's cardiac output is 5.8 L/min , their heart rate is 54 bpm, and their blood pressure is 125/58. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand? (no units required)

6,750.0 ± 1%

Your subject's cardiac output is 4.4 L/min , their heart rate is 78 bpm, and their blood pressure is 140/66. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required)

10,920.0 ± 1%

You collected the following data from your subject

101.3 ± 1.5

In lab we performed modified tilt tests. These are a simple way to test a patient's ability to maintain blood pressure when changing position (orthostasis). Which of the following would suggest that your patient is "tilt positive"?

SBP dropping from 124 mmhg to 102 mmHg

The cardiovascular (CV) response to isometric exercise, like a wall squat or isometric handgrip exericse, is slightly different from the CV response to aerobic exercise. Which of the following is/are true about the blood pressure response to isometric exercise?

SBP increases

The effects of O2 and CO2 on the circulation can be confusing. Which of the following is/are true?

a & b

Which of the following would we expect with a mild breath hold (like we did in lab - not a long breath hold, not straining, not preceeded by a deep inspiration, just a calm brief cessation of breathing)?

a decrease in HR

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and MAP. Which of the following is least likely to be involved in these cardiovascular responses?

a decrease in pCO2 in the arterial blood

a decrease in systolic blood pressure

Which of the following is most likely to be the integration center for both the diving reflex AND the cold pressor test?

medulla oblongata

The parasympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through binding of sympathetic neurotransmitters with ________ in the heart.

muscarinic receptors

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

nitric oxide (NO)

Match the receptors/stimuli with the most appropriate cardiovascular responses/reflexes initial response to the cold pressor test modified tilt test rebreathing the diving reflex

nociceptor baroreceptor peripheral chemoreceptors detecting an increase in CO2 thermoreceptors

In lab we performed modified tilt tests. These are a simple way to test a patient's ability to maintain blood pressure when changing position. What do we call it when a subject fails to be able to adequately maintain blood pressure when standing up from a supine, or seated, position?

orthostatic hypotension

Aging results in a reduced responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Which of the following aging-related changes in heart rate could be related to this?

reduced heart rate maximum (during exericse)

Given what you have learned about the cold pressor test, which of the following would you expect if you were working with a patient dealing with chronic pain?

three of these answers

Given what you have learned about the normal cardiovascular response to rebreathing, if you were working with a patient with a severe pulmonary disease, which of the following cardiovascular changes would you expect?

three of these answers

Many adults experience constipation. This means that they might absent-mindedly perform a Valsalva maneuver in the bathroom. What concerns would you have about this if you were working with a patient with several cardiovascular disease risk factors?

three of these answers

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise, like cycling or running, and isometric exercise have some simmilarities and differenes. Which of the following is/are true about differences in the cardiovascular response to aerobic and isometric exercise?

three of these answers

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following is/are true about this phenomenon?

two of these answeers

In heart transplant patients all autonomic nerves to the hear have been cut. How would this likely effect the cardiovascular response to exericise?

two of these answers

The cardiovascular (CV) response to isometric exercise, like a wall squat or isometric handgrip exericse, is slightly different from the CV response to aerobic exercise. Which of the following is/are most likely related to the increase in DBP during isometric exercise?

mechanical compression of arteries and artioles by the contracting muscle; this increases TPR

Which of the follwing is a benefit of the change in HR during the diving reflex (such as in our face immersion experiment)?

the decrease in heart rate reduces oxygen use by the heart, which preserves our limited oxygen stores during immersion

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.95 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 41 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 88 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 39 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

101.0 ± 1.5%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.97 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 39 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 64 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 48 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

121.5 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.02 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 7.3 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 44 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 80 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 51 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

124 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.92 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.3 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 61 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 67 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 29 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

142.3 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.94 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 7.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 40 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 62 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 48 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

155.9 ± 2%

The sympathetic nervous system's effects on the arterioles are acheived through binding of sympathetic neurotransmitters with ________.

alpha-adrenergic receptors

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.94 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.8 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 58 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 58 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 30 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's ejection fraction? (must include units)

64.7 ± 2% (%)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.12 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 55 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 85 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 42 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's ejection fraction? (must include units)

64.7 ± 2% (%)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.8 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 4.9 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 62 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 79 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 29 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required)

65.3 ± 1.5%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.82 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.3 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 39 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 69 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 41 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's ejection fraction? (must include units)

68.8 ± 2% (%)

Your subject's cardiac output is 5.2 L/min , their heart rate is 58 bpm, and their blood pressure is 131/78. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand? (no units required)

7,598.0 ± 1%

Which of the follwing is a part of the normal response to face immersion (diving reflex)?

a decrease in HR

Which of the following would likely cause the cardiovascular changes we observed with a mild breath hold (like we did in lab - not a long breath hold, not straining, not preceeded by a deep inspiration, just a calm brief cessation of breathing)?

a decrease in activity of the respiratory pump

When we are at rest and relaxed, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) tone decreases througought the body, how would this decrease in SNS activity influence blood pressure?

all of these answers ARE true

all of these answers DO contribute to the initial drop in blood pressure when we stand up

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

all of these cause vasodilation

The cardiovascular response to the Valsalva maneuver is multiphasic. In lab we tried to observe what happens during the first phase of the valsalva. Which of the following is/are expected during the first phase of the valsalva maneuver?

an increase in MAP

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and BP. Which of the following cardiovascular responses would be expected? (assume that the subject lets their nervous system dictate breathing responses.....yes, the response is a little different if the subject voluntarily supresses the normal, involuntary breathing response and voluntarily controlls breathing; how cool is that?)

an increase in TPR

The change in HR observed during the diving reflex is related to:

an increase in parasympatheteic nervous system activity

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise includes an increase in stroke volume. Which change in BP would be most suggestive of an increaes in SV?

an increase in pulse pressure

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and MAP. Which of the following autonomic adjustments is most likely involved in these cardiovascular responses?

an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following changes in the autonomic nervuos system is involved the intial cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity

The changes in TPR and MAP observed during the diving reflex are related to:

an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise with large muscle mass, like cyling or running, lincludes which of the following responses?

an increase in systolic pressure

Which of the following signals is LEAST likely to be involved in initiating the cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise, like cycling or running?

an increased need for oxygen (detected by peripheral chemoreceptors as a decreased arterial O2)

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following sequences best describes the secondary (2nd phase) cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

baroreceptors detect increase in pressure → medulla oblongatta → ↑ parasympathetic nervous system activity → ↓ HR → ↓ Q→ ↓ MAP

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following receptors are involved the intial cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

nociceptors

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following sequences best describes the initial (first phase) cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

nociceptors → medulla oblongatta → ↑ sympathetic nervous system activity → vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles → ↑ TPR → ↑ MAP

The sympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through secretion of the neurotransmitter _____________________ from sympathetic nerve varicosities.

norepinephrine

You are working with a patient in the ER and you see on their ECG that they are in sinus tachycardia. If your hospital was out of power and you needed a low tech mechanism of bringing their heart rate down, which of the following reflexes could you use to try to slow heart rate?

the diving reflex

Which of the follwing is a benefit of the change in MAP during the diving reflex (such as in our face immersion experiment)?

the increase in MAP is due to widespread vasoconstriction, which reduces oxygen use by much of the body, and preserves it for tissues that need it the most

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise with a large muscle mass, like cycing or running, is usually associted with a certain changes in pulse pressure and SBP in young, healthy, subjects. Which of the following is most likely related to these changes during this type of exercise?

the increase in stroke volume during this type of exercise

The cardiovascular response to the Valsalva maneuver is multiphasic. In lab we tried to observe what happens during the first phase of the valsalva. The increase in MAP during the first phase of the valsalva maneuve is most likely related to which of the following?

the increasein thoracic cavity pressure pressing on the aorta, which is continuous with the systemic arteries

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following is/are related to the cardiovascular changes in the second part of the cold pressor test in normotensive subjects?

three of these answers

Several hormones can influence TPR. Which of the following hormones increase TPR?

three of these hormones

threee of these answers

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.97 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 4.6 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 55 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 80 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 38 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's pulse pressure? (no units required)

38.0 ± 1.5%

Match the receptors/stimuli with the most appropriate cardiovascular responses/reflexes

A- nociceptors D- baroreceptors E- peripheral chemoreceptors detecting an increase in CO2 B- thermoreceptors

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive), but is a little different for those who have hypertension (or those destined to develop hypertension). Which of the following is true of the cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test in hypertensive subjects?

BP goes up and then remains elevated

BP initially goes up but then returns towards normal

DBP increases

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following mechanisms best explains what happens during the secondary response to bring blood pressure back towards normal after standing up? VR = venous return SNS = sympathetic nervous system PNS = parasympathetic nervous system HR = heart rate SV = stroke volume Q = cardiac output TPR = total peripheral resistance MAP = mean arterial pressure

baroreceptors detect ↑MAP → medulla oblongatta → activation of sympathetic nerves → vasodilation → ↓ TPR→ ↓ MAP

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following mechanisms best explains what happens during the secondary response to bring blood pressure back towards normal after standing up? VR = venous return SNS = sympathetic nervous system PNS = parasympathetic nervous system HR = heart rate SV = stroke volume Q = cardiac output TPR = total peripheral resistance MAP = mean arterial pressure

baroreceptors detect ↓MAP → medulla oblongatta → activation of sympathetic nerves → ↑ HR → ↑ Q → ↑MAP

The sympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through binding of sympathetic neurotransmitters with ________.

beta-1-adrenergic receptors

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and MAP. Which of the following is most likely to be involved in intitating these cardiovascular responses?

chemoreceptors detetcting an increase in pCO2 in the arterial blood

which of the following best describes how one would perform a Valsalva maneuver?

contract expiratory muscles, but don't allow air out of lungs (closed glottis)

Which of the following is NOT true about parasympathetic nervous system effects on the cardiovascular system?

it can cause widespread dilation of systemic arterioles

Which of the following is NOT true about sympathetic nervous system effects on the cardiovascular system?

it dilates blood vessels in active muscles

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. If a patient takes a vasodilator (such as a calcium channel blocker, an alpha antagonist, or an angiotensin II receptor blocker), how do you think this would influence their ability to maintain blood pressure after standing up

it would be harder to maintain blood pressure because vasoconstriction in the legs would be less effective

When we are at rest and relaxed, parasympathetic tone tends to increase, how would this influence blood pressure?

it would decrease heart rate

Which of the following is/are true about sympathetic nervous system effects on total peripheral resistance?

its effect on TPR is accomplished especially through constriction of arterioles

Which of the following is/are true about sympathetic nervous system effects on venous return (VR)?

its effect on VR is accomplished especially through constriction of arterioles

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following mechanisms best explains what happens during the initial cardiovascular response to standing up? VR = venous return SNS = sympathetic nervous system PNS = parasympathetic nervous system HR = heart rate SV = stroke volume Q = cardiac output TPR = total peripheral resistance MAP = mean arterial pressure

stand up → gravity pulls blood to lower extremities → ↓ VR → ↓EDV → ↓SV→ ↓Q→ ↓MAP

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following would be the most important cause of the intial changes in TPR during the cold pressor test?

sympathetic nervous system-mediated vasoconstriciton of arterioles throughout much of the systemic circulation

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following would be related to changes in blood vessel caliber (and radius) during the cold pressor test?

sympathetic nervous system-would cause vasoconstriciton of arterioles throughout much of the systemic circulation

The cardiovascular response to the Valsalva maneuver is multiphasic. In lab we tried to observe what happens during the first phase of the valsalva. The increase in thoracic cavity pressure during the valsalva is most likely related to whcih of the following?

two of these answers

Which of the follwing is/are a part of the normal response to face immersion (diving reflex)?

two of these answers

Which of the follwing stimuli intitiate the diving reflex?

two of these answers

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.83 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 4.8 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 45 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 74 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 36 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

111.4 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.91 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 7.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 54 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 67 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 34 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

112 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.12 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 52 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 62 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 28 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

71.3 ± 1.5 (mmHg)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.91 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.7 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 62 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 67 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 39 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

80.0 ± 1.5 (mmHg)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.82 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 41 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 80 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 42 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required)

83.4 ± 1.5%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.94 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.6 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 62 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 77 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 49 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

93.3 ± 1.5 (mmHg)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.89 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.5 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 48 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 77 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 43 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

96 ± 2%

an increase in MAP

widespread vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.84 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 64 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 65 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 50 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

70 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.92 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 4.6 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 41 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 59 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 29 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required)

70.5 ± 1.5%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.02 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 7.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 49 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 84 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 34 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's ejection fraction? (must include units)

71.1 ± 2% (%)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.08 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 38 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 61 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 45 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's ejection fraction? (must include units)

75.2 ± 2% (%)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.91 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.2 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 42 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 84 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 46 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required)

78.9 ± 1.5%

Your subject's cardiac output is 6.2 L/min , their heart rate is 81 bpm, and their blood pressure is 110/79. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required)

8,910.0 ± 1%

You collected the following data from your subject cardiac output is 4.2 L/min , their heart rate is 83 bpm, their blood pressure is 124/64. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

84.0 ± 1.5

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.88 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.8 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 48 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 79 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 44 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

85 ± 2%

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.06 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 44 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 76 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 35 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

87.7 ± 1.5 (mmHg)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.11 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 45 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 80 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 32 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

90.7 ± 1.5 (mmHg)

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.16 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.3 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 62 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 80 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 42 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (must include units)

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